Deck 10: Managing Employee Motivation and Performance

Question 1

One method of weakening behavior is avoidance.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The most effective reinforcement schedule for maintaining behavior at high levels is the variable-ratio schedule.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Motivation is the set of forces that causes people to behave in certain ways.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In Herzberg's two-factor theory,when a worker is "satisfied," he or she must also be "not dissatisfied."

Question 5

Someone with low ability will have low performance.

Question 6

Responsibility and opportunity for advancement are motivation factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Question 7

The basic premise of reinforcement theory is that behavior followed by desired outcomes will be repeated.

Question 8

Content perspectives on motivation are concerned with the question: "What factors in the workplace motivate people?"

Question 9

Jena loves time off.She has many interests and few responsibilities.Jonah needs money.He has student loans to pay and family to care for.The valence for overtime pay is the same for Jena and Jonah.

Question 10

Ratio reinforcement schedules are based on time.

Question 11

Goal specificity is the extent to which a goal is challenging and requires effort.

Question 12

Process perspectives on motivation deal with needs and need deficiencies

Question 13

Boyd works as a pet groomer because he wants to buy clothes and have gas money.He is at Maslow's esteem need level.

Question 14

Aiden's goal is to be a millionaire by age thirty.According to goal-setting theory,his behavior is the result of his conscious goals and intentions.

Question 15

Brad feels excluded,like he is always the last to know things at work.His work is not meeting his belongingness needs.

Question 16

In order for motivation to occur,the effort-to-performance expectancy,the performance-to-outcome expectancy,and the sum of the outcome valences must each be greater than zero.

Question 17

If an employee lacks ability,the manager can provide training or replace the worker.If there is a resource problem,the manager can correct it.But,if motivation is the problem,the task for the manager is even easier to fix.

Question 18

Employees whom managers attempt to "satisfy" through hygiene factors alone will usually do just enough to get by.

Question 19

Process perspectives are concerned with how motivation occurs.

Question 20

One method of strengthening a behavior is extinction.

Question 21

Alternative work arrangements are motivating for workers because they give the workers greater control and flexibility in how and when they work.

Question 22

Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated?

A)Reinforcement
B)Process
C)Content
D)Equity
E)Expectancy

Question 23

When Madeline lived in Korea she decided to cook enchiladas.The store she used had sold out of sour cream.Madeline substituted onion chip dip.Madeline's motivation to think creatively began with the store's

A)deficiency.
B)need.
C)resource.
D)environment.
E)All of these.

Question 24

____ is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways.

A)Motivation
B)Management
C)Perception
D)Personality
E)Compensation

Question 25

A compressed work schedule is an example of a flexible work schedule.

Question 26

Participation is the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals,make decisions,and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority.

Question 27

Human resource management is the formal and informal mechanisms by which employee performance is defined,evaluated,and rewarded.

Question 28

According to the text,performance is basically determined by

A)intelligence,environmental influences,and ability.
B)ability,motivation,and the work environment.
C)motivation,experience,and subordinates.
D)inner drives,psychological needs,and motivation.
E)motivation,intelligence,and ability.

Question 29

According to the motivation framework presented in your text,after a worker notices an unfilled need,the next step is

A)choosing a behavior that satisfies the need.
B)determining future needs.
C)searching for ways to satisfy the need.
D)evaluating need satisfaction.
E)None of these.

Question 30

According to Maslow,the need to have a safe physical and emotional environment is a(n)____ need.

A)esteem
B)physiological
C)psychological
D)security
E)social

Question 31

Which of the following factors would not be included in Maslow's physiological needs category?

A)Air
B)Food
C)Safety
D)Sex
E)Water

Question 32

When the number of West Nile virus cases in a Texas town reached 100.The town sprayed pesticide.The town was trying to meet the ____ needs of its citizens.

A)esteem
B)belongingness
C)self-actualization
D)security
E)physiological

Question 33

Another name for behavior modification is OB Mod.

Question 34

Working from home is also called "computer-commuting."

Question 35

Content and process theories of motivation recognize rewards as the foundation for motivation.

Question 36

An organization that pays two workers doing the same job different wages because one has the ability to perform more tasks than the other is using a gain-sharing pay system.

Question 37

Research has shown that rewards are the major determinants of job performance.

Question 38

Al just graduated from college with a 3.86 GPA in finance.Last summer he had an internship at a federal reserve bank and received glowing performance reports.He has just gone to work for a Wall Street investment banking firm noted for providing its people with all the tools they need to succeed and then letting them sink or swim.Moore is determined to rise rapidly in the organization.From this information,Al's ____ should be high.

A)need
B)expectancy
C)performance
D)drive
E)personality

Question 39

Samuel has a voice in making decisions about how to do his own work.He has participation.

Question 40

OSHA attempts to ensure worker's ____ needs are met.

A)physiological
B)esteem
C)belongingness
D)security
E)self-actualization

Question 41

Ana is a police detective in a metropolitan police force.She believes that she is just as good a detective as her male counterparts.Because she is female,many of her counterparts assume that she will type up their reports as well as her own.She has been doing this typing for a while and is increasingly feeling under rewarded for her efforts.In terms of ____,she will more than likely decrease her inputs by refusing to do typing for other detectives.

A)expectancy theory
B)reinforcement theory
C)equity theory
D)hierarchy of needs theory
E)two-factor theory

Question 42

At work anybody can be good doing the tasks they like,but to be great they have to be good at doing the tasks they do not like too.Greatness is part of Maslow's ____ need.

A)esteem
B)social
C)self-actualization
D)security
E)physiological

Question 43

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other laws and regulations spell out the consequences for violation of the rules.What kind of reinforcement procedure is this?

A)Avoidance
B)Extinction
C)Positive reinforcement
D)Punishment
E)Distortion

Question 44

A construction worker injured on the job is on convalescent time-off for five weeks.She can't wait to get back to work and accomplish something.This is a(n)____ need.

A)esteem
B)power
C)affiliation
D)security
E)achievement

Question 45

Gary retired.He misses his friends from work.Retirement is not fulfilling which level of need in Maslow's hierarchy

A)belongingness.
B)esteem.
C)security.
D)physiological.
E)self-actualization.

Question 46

Wegmans sends deli employees to France to learn about cheese.Wegmans is attempting to meet ____ needs.

A)esteem
B)psychological
C)security
D)belongingness,esteem,and self-actualization
E)self-actualization

Question 47

Neal works for the state of Vermont.He perceives that his union will protect him from getting fired,but the only way he will get promoted is if the person above him retires or dies.He has

A)low effort-to-performance expectancy,and low performance-to-outcome expectancy.
B)low effort-to-performance expectancy,and high performance-to-outcome expectancy.
C)high effort-to-performance expectancy,and low performance-to-outcome expectancy.
D)high effort-to-performance expectancy,and high performance-to-outcome expectancy.
E)zero valence.

Question 48

Which of the following motivational theories is based on the idea that employees compare the treatment they receive relative to others' treatment in order to determine if they are being treated fairly?

A)Expectancy
B)Reinforcement
C)Equity
D)Hierarchy of needs
E)Two-factor

Question 49

Princeton Alliance Church has a goal of helping 150 more orphans in Brazil.They need to raise money,build a new facility,hire staff,reach out to children on the street and gain their trust.PAC has goal

A)specificity.
B)acceptance.
C)conformity.
D)congruity.
E)difficulty.

Question 50

According to Maslow's hierarchy,when a worker satisfies his or her security needs,what will he or she do next?

A)Nothing¾they are now satisfied and don't need to make any more effort.
B)Work to satisfy self-esteem needs
C)Regress to fulfilling physiological needs again
D)Work to satisfy belongingness needs
E)Maslow doesn't make a prediction about what they would do next.

Question 51

Which of the following is a process theory of motivation?

A)Maslow's need hierarchy
B)McClelland's work on need for power
C)McClelland's work on need for achievement
D)Two-factor theory
E)Equity theory

Question 52

Leo showed up late for a meeting.His boss ignored it.She was using

A)avoidance.
B)extinction.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)punishment.
E)distortion.

Question 53

Tyler told Emily to improve public opinion.The goal that Emily was given lacks goal

A)specificity.
B)acceptance.
C)conformity.
D)congruity.
E)difficulty.

Question 54

What is the most important idea for managers to remember from equity theory?

A)Over-rewarded employees perform best.
B)Under-rewarded employees perform best.
C)For rewards to motivate employees,employees must perceive them as being fair.
D)Employees must consider their inputs equal to the inputs of their "comparison other."
E)Employees must consider their outcomes equal to the outcomes of their "comparison other."

Question 55

Thirty-three miners in Chile were trapped underground for months.Authorities could get food and basic necessities to them and they had a video camera to communicate with people above.NASA advised the authorities to keep them busy with tasks.That was to meet their need for

A)achievement.
B)affiliation.
C)power.
D)security.
E)potential.

Question 56

Brianna has a goal of living a healthier lifestyle.She has improved the foods she eats and is getting more physical activity.She has goal

A)specificity.
B)acceptance.
C)conformity.
D)congruity.
E)difficulty.

Question 57

According to Maslow,the need that people have for respect and recognition is the need for

A)achievement.
B)security.
C)self-respect.
D)belongingness.
E)esteem.

Question 58

Amelia believes that if she runs longer in practice,she will race faster at meets.Which of the following is true for Amelia?

A)Her efforts are low.
B)Her performance-to-outcome expectancy is high.
C)The sum of her outcome valences is high.
D)Her effort-to-performance expectancy is high.
E)None of these.

Question 59

A manager has been told that she will get a $50,000 bonus if her team meets their quota.She has also been informed that she will be fired if she does not get her team above last year's total.Which motivation theory is her boss most likely using?

A)Equity theory
B)Maslow's needs hierarchy
C)Two-factor theory
D)Expectancy theory
E)None of these.

Question 60

In expectancy theory,raises,promotions,stress and resentment are all ____.

A)factors
B)motivations
C)reinforcements
D)outcomes
E)valences

Question 61

Cheri and Aaron both wanted to work part-time,and they found a lawyer who was willing to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works mornings and Aaron works afternoons.This arrangement is known as

A)flextime.
B)participation.
C)OB Mod.
D)job sharing.
E)reinforcement.

Question 62

A credit-card company computer triggers a fraud detection alert anytime the credit card suddenly makes a sharp increases in online purchases.This is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

A)Fixed-ratio
B)Fixed-interval
C)Variable-interval
D)Variable-ratio
E)None of these.

Question 63

Which of the following motivational strategies is used to provide more autonomy and self-direction to workers?

A)Empowerment
B)Participation
C)OB Mod
D)All of these.
E)Only empowerment and participation.

Question 64

Organizational rewards can affect which of the following?

A)Attitudes
B)Behaviors
C)Motivation
D)All of these.
E)None of these.

Question 65

Windmere allows its administrative employees to arrive anytime between 7:00 am and 9:00 am.,and leave any time between 4:00 pm and 6:00 pm,as long as they work for eight consecutive hours.This arrangement is known as _____.

A)empowerment
B)participation
C)a nine-eighty schedule
D)flextime
E)avoidance

Question 66

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory?

A)Modified workweek
B)Work redesign
C)Behavior modification
D)Attribution theory
E)Two-factor theory

Question 67

Alberto complimented Daniel on his weekly project update two weeks in a row.Then he waited a month to compliment him again.What reinforcement schedule is he using?

A)Fixed-interval
B)Fixed-ratio
C)Variable-interval
D)Variable-ratio
E)None of these.

Question 68

Many schools think selecting a student for the gifted and talented program is

A)avoidance.
B)extinction.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)punishment.
E)distortion.

Question 69

Firefighters work 24 hour shifts eight times a month.They have

A)a variable work schedule.
B)a flexible work schedule.
C)telecommuting.
D)job sharing.
E)a compressed work schedule.

Question 70

A manager who provides reinforcement on the basis of a particular number of behaviors,rather than on the basis of time is using a(n)____ schedule.

A)fixed-ratio
B)fixed-interval
C)variable-interval
D)variable-ratio
E)interval-ratio

Question 71

Quality control inspectors often randomly select items from an assembly line for inspection.For example,they may take the twelfth,seventeenth,forty-fourth,and sixtieth items.What reinforcement schedule are they using?

A)Variable-interval
B)Variable-fixed
C)Fixed-ratio
D)Fixed-interval
E)Variable-ratio

Question 72

A manager who provides reinforcement on a periodic basis,regardless of performance,is using a ____ schedule.

A)variable-interval
B)variable-fixed
C)fixed-ratio
D)fixed-interval
E)variable-ratio

Question 73

One step in behavior modification is to determine what rewards subordinates desire most and to tie those desired rewards to desired performance.If supervisors simultaneously ignore the unwanted behavior,then the behavior modification is centered around

A)avoidance and positive reinforcement.
B)avoidance and extinction.
C)positive reinforcement and extinction.
D)punishment and extinction.
E)None of these.

Question 74

Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the least incentive to do good work?

A)Fixed-interval
B)Fixed-ratio
C)Variable-interval
D)Variable-ratio
E)Continuous

Question 75

If you want to maintain an employee's behavior at a high level with minimum fluctuations in the level of the behavior,which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful?

A)Fixed-interval
B)Fixed-ratio
C)Variable-interval
D)Variable-ratio
E)Continuous

Question 76

The most basic method of managing employee motivation is

A)job design.
B)the reward system.
C)labor relations.
D)job classification.
E)recruiting and selection.

Question 77

If,as a supervisor,you have no control over the pay raises,promotions,and rewards,what method(s)of reinforcement are you able to use?

A)Avoidance
B)Extinction
C)Positive reinforcement
D)Punishment
E)All of these

Question 78

When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it,the supervisor is using

A)positive reinforcement.
B)punishment.
C)avoidance.
D)extinction.
E)an intrinsic reward.

Question 79

Once a quarter Helene tells her employees how they are doing.What schedule of reinforcement is she using?

A)Continuous
B)Fixed-interval
C)Fixed-ratio
D)Variable-ratio
E)Variable-interval

Question 80

Your employees have been "getting away" with questionable practices for the last several years,and you would now like to enforce behavior that adheres to higher standards.Which of the following is the most likely to produce effective long-term results?

A)Punish the behavior until it disappears.
B)Use extinction to get rid of the behavior.
C)Use punishment to get rid of the undesirable behavior and then positively reinforce the desired behavior.
D)Combine extinction of the undesired behavior with positive reinforcement of the desired behavior.
E)Use avoidance on the undesirable behavior and positive reinforcement of the desired behavior.