Deck 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Question 1

The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at _____ years for girls and _____ years for boys.

A)13; 14½
B)12½; 11½
C)11½; 13½
D)10½; 13

Answer 1

C

Question 2

For the majority of teens,adolescence is marked by:

A)stress and storm.
B)delinquency.
C)a healthy self-image.
D)a low self-esteem.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_____ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development,increased height,and deepening of the voice.

A)Testosterone
B)Estrogen
C)Estradiol
D)Progestin

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is typically the last male pubertal characteristic to occur?

A)The first ejaculation
B)Voice changes
C)Increased penis and testicle size
D)Growth of facial hair

Question 5

In the United States,the average age of menarche has _____ since the mid-nineteenth century.

A)increased marginally
B)declined significantly
C)increased significantly
D)not changed

Question 6

A girl's first menstruation is called _____.

A)gonadarche
B)spermarche
C)menarche
D)adrenarche

Question 7

Fourteen-year-old Kent recently received his blood test results which indicate an eighteen-fold increase in testosterone levels and a twofold increase in estradiol over the past few years.It appears that Kent:

A)is experiencing normal changes during puberty.
B)will be put on hormone therapy to correct the significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
C)has abnormal levels of male sex hormones.
D)has abnormal levels of female sex hormones.

Question 8

Puberty refers to a period of:

A)declining abstract thought and emotional maturation during late adolescence involving neural and synaptic development in the brain.
B)declining gross motor development during late childhood due to the maturation of the temporal and parietal lobes.
C)rapid psychological and emotional maturation that lasts through adolescence and is a product of enhanced cognitive development.
D)rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence.

Question 9

For most people,puberty:

A)is the same as adolescence.
B)ends long before adolescence does.
C)occurs in a single,sudden event.
D)has an easily identifiable beginning and ending.

Question 10

The hormone that is associated with breast,uterine,and skeletal development in girls is:

A)progesterone.
B)estradiol.
C)luteinizing hormone.
D)estrogen.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Boys go through growth spurts earlier than girls do.
B)Both boys and girls who are shorter than their peers before puberty will actually surpass their peers during adolescence.
C)By the end of adolescence,most girls will be taller than boys.
D)Marked weight gains coincide with the onset of puberty for both boys and girls.

Question 12

Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings?

A)Anna Freud
B)Jean Piaget
C)
D)Daniel Offer
G)Stanley Hall

Question 13

Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a few years ago,and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than earlier.Grace is most likely experiencing:

A)normal changes during puberty.
B)difficulties due to significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
C)abnormal development of male physical characteristics.
D)abnormal development of female physical characteristics.

Question 14

When Daniel Offer and his colleagues studied the self-images of adolescents in the United States,Australia,Bangladesh,Hungary,Israel,Italy,Japan,Taiwan,Turkey,and West Germany,at least _____ percent of the adolescents displayed a healthy self-image.

A)25
B)48
C)60
D)73

Question 15

Which of the following is a more accurate vision of adolescence?

A)For most individuals,adolescence is a time of evaluation,decision making,commitment,and carving out a place in the world.
B)For most individuals,adolescence is a time of rebellion,crisis,pathology,and deviance.
C)Most adolescents have a brush with juvenile delinquency.
D)Very few adolescents contribute positively to their communities and make a successful transition through adolescence.

Question 16

Public attitudes about adolescence:

A)emerge from a combination of personal experience and media portrayals.
B)reflect an objective picture of how normal adolescents develop.
C)portray today's adolescents as less troubled,less self-centered,less assertive,and less adventurous than in the past.
D)paint an unrealistically positive picture of adolescents.

Question 17

The growth spurt that characterizes pubertal change occurs approximately _____ for girls than for boys.

A)two years earlier
B)one year earlier
C)two years later
D)one year later

Question 18

Behind the first whisker in boys and the widening of hips in girls is a flood of _____,powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.

A)amino acids
B)phospholipids
C)enzymes
D)hormones

Question 19

Ms.Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty.What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience first?

A)The first ejaculation
B)Voice changes
C)Increased penis and testicle size
D)Growth of facial hair

Question 20

The mean age at the beginning of the growth spurt in girls is _____.

A)6
B)14
C)12
D)9

Question 21

Who amongst the following is most likely to be dissatisfied with body image as pubertal change proceeds?

A)A girl in early adolescence
B)A girl in late adolescence
C)A boy in early adolescence
D)A boy in late adolescence

Question 22

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago,early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts.When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties,however,they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had.

A)as an anomaly; stronger feeling of inadequacy
B)more positively; stronger sense of identity
C)as misfits; a more negative self-image
D)more negatively; deeper sense of regret

Question 23

Maggie is 14 years old and has not yet matured physically.According to recent research,which of the following will be most likely to occur by the time Maggie reaches tenth grade?

A)She will be more satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls.
B)She will be less satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls.
C)She will be more likely to have an eating disorder than early-maturing girls.
D)She will be more likely to drop out of school than early-maturing girls.

Question 24

With reference to cross-cultural comparisons,which of the following statements about adolescent pregnancies in the U.S.is true?

A)In 2013,births to 15- to 19-year old girls was the lowest ever recorded.
B)The U.S.adolescent pregnancy rate is much lower than in the Netherlands.
C)Adolescents in the U.S.are more sexually active than adolescents in the Netherlands.
D)The U.S.adolescent birth rate increased significantly from 2007 to 2009.

Question 25

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner,a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of contracting gonorrhea.

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Question 26

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs):

A)are rarely passed through oral sex.
B)can be prevented through the use of contraceptive pills or implants.
C)rarely occur in U.S.adolescents.
D)are contracted primarily through sexual contact.

Question 27

According to a U.S.national survey,by age 20,_____ percent of U.S.youth have engaged in sexual intercourse.

A)77
B)62
C)90
D)52

Question 28

Leading researcher Charles Nelson proposed the view that,although adolescents are capable of very strong emotions,their prefrontal cortex has not adequately developed to the point at which they can control these passions.His view reflects the rapidly emerging field of _____,which involves connections between development,the brain,and cognitive or socioemotional processes.

A)socioemotional neuroscience
B)biosocial neuroscience
C)psychosocial neuroscience
D)developmental social neuroscience

Question 29

Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations.Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control.As a specialist in the development of adolescents,you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that:

A)the prefrontal cortex-involved in reasoning and self-control-has developed fully by early adolescence.
B)the corpus callosum,where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres,thickens in adolescence.
C)by the end of adolescence,individuals have fewer,less selective,less effective neuronal connections than they did as children.
D)the amygdala-the seat of emotions such as anger-matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

Question 30

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner,a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of acquiring genital herpes.

A)10
B)50
C)30
D)70

Question 31

In a national survey,_____ percent of U.S.15- to 19-year-old boys and _____ percent of girls said they had engaged in oral sex.

A)70; 60
B)55; 54
C)15; 22
D)8; 10

Question 32

In a U.S.national survey conducted in 2013,_____ percent of twelfth-graders reported that they had experienced sexual intercourse,compared with _____ percent of ninth-graders.

A)20; 10
B)64; 30
C)77; 90
D)60; 52

Question 33

Juanita,a Latino girl,is entering adolescence and her mother wants to keep her from risky sexual behavior.According to research,her mother should:

A)engage in a lower level of parental monitoring.
B)avoid emphasizing the need for academic excellence.
C)foster a close and supportive relationship with Juanita.
D)keep Juanita away from adolescent males at all times until she reaches an appropriate age.

Question 34

In the sixth grade,early-maturing girls show _____ with their figures than do late-maturing girls,but by the tenth grade late-maturing girls are more _____.

A)greater satisfaction; satisfied
B)less confidence; conflicted
C)greater preoccupation; preoccupied
D)more unhappiness; unhappy

Question 35

In a 2013 U.S.national survey,it was found that nationally,_____ percent of twelfth-graders reported being sexually active.

A)76
B)15
C)49
D)83

Question 36

Recent research concerning the prevalence of oral sex in the U.S.indicates that:

A)oral sex is a common occurrence among adolescents.
B)a very small percentage of adolescent girls engage in oral sex.
C)oral sex is common among adults but not adolescents.
D)a much higher percentage of girls engage in oral sex than boys.

Question 37

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner,a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of getting HIV.

A)1
B)10
C)25
D)50

Question 38

Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is true?

A)Children in European countries mature up to a year earlier than their American counterparts.
B)For girls,menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15.
C)Genes have little to do with when and how puberty develops.
D)Non-Latino White girls experience puberty earlier than African American girls.

Question 39

The _____,where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres,thickens in adolescence,and this improves adolescents' ability to process information.

A)amygdala
B)corpus callosum
C)parietal lobe
D)temporal lobe

Question 40

Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to:

A)be satisfied with their figures in late adolescence.
B)be taller and thinner when they reach high school.
C)be less popular with males their own age.
D)smoke,drink,be depressed,and have an eating disorder,among other negative factors.

Question 41

In about _____ percent of motor vehicle fatalities involving adolescents,the driver was found to have a blood alcohol level of .10 percent.

A)10
B)30
C)50
D)80

Question 42

According to a national survey,_____ boys exercised the most,_____ girls the least.

A)Latino; Latina
B)African American; non-Latino White
C)Latino; African American and Asian
D)non-Latino White; African American and Latino

Question 43

The majority of unintentional injuries in adolescence involve:

A)motor vehicle accidents.
B)firearms.
C)homicide.
D)sports-related injuries.

Question 44

A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that abstinence-only programs:

A)are less effective at reducing the risk of adolescent pregnancy than sex-education programs.
B)prevent adolescent pregnancies better than sex-education programs emphasizing contraceptive knowledge.
C)are more effective at reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections than sex-education programs.
D)provide useful knowledge about safe sex to sexually active adolescents.

Question 45

Based on data from 2015,which of the following individuals was most likely to get pregnant as a teen?

A)Sofia,a Non-Latina White
B)Makiko,an Asian American
C)Olivia,a Latina
D)Tara,an African American

Question 46

Mary Carskadon and her colleagues' research on adolescent sleep patterns found that:

A)when given the opportunity,adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.
B)adolescents' biological clocks undergo a shift as they get older,so that older adolescents start to feel sleepy an hour earlier than younger adolescents.
C)younger adolescents tend to be sleepier during the day than older adolescents.
D)increased sleepiness in adolescents during the day was primarily due to academic work or social pressures.

Question 47

A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that education programs that emphasize contraceptive knowledge:

A)are less likely to reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy than abstinence-only programs.
B)do not increase the incidence of sexual intercourse.
C)are no more likely to reduce the risk of sexually-transmitted infections than abstinence-only programs.
D)result in an increase in the incidence of sexual intercourse.

Question 48

Which of the following describes the federal government's exercise recommendations?

A)A minimum of 15 minutes of mild exercise per day.
B)A maximum of 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day.
C)A minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day.
D)A maximum of 15 minutes of mild exercise per day.

Question 49

In the United States,_________ percent of pregnancies to mothers 15 to 19 years of age are unintended.

A)23
B)82
C)47
D)15

Question 50

_____ is/are the second leading cause of death in adolescence.

A)Motor vehicle accidents
B)Suicide
C)Homicide
D)Chronic diseases

Question 51

Exercise is related to all of the following positive outcomes in adolescence,EXCEPT:

A)a lower incidence of type I diabetes.
B)reduced triglyceride levels.
C)lower blood pressure.
D)normal weight status.

Question 52

National data indicates that the percentage of overweight U.S.12- to 19-year-olds increased from _____ percent in the early 1990s to nearly _____ percent in 2011-2012.

A)60; 80
B)39; 48
C)11; 21
D)20; 25

Question 53

Research has shown that infants born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have:

A)high birth weight.
B)Down syndrome.
C)childhood illnesses.
D)type II diabetes.

Question 54

Daughters of teenage mothers are:

A)unlikely to become pregnant during adolescence.
B)likely to be highly intelligent.
C)more likely to use contraceptives.
D)at increased risk for teenage childbearing.

Question 55

One strategy for reducing adolescent pregnancy is the _____ program that focuses on engaging adolescents in volunteer community service and stimulates discussions that help adolescents appreciate the lessons they learn through volunteerism.

A)Health Bridge
B)Teen Outreach
C)Girls,Inc
D)Will Power/Won't Power

Question 56

A recent national study revealed that approximately _____ percent of U.S.15-year-olds met the federal government's exercise recommendations (a minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day).

A)49
B)27
C)83
D)12

Question 57

A national study of U.S.adolescents revealed that physical activity:

A)increased until 13 years of age but then declined through 18 years of age.
B)in childhood and early adolescence would persist through to adulthood.
C)increased until 13 years of age and then remained stable throughout adulthood.
D)decreased until 13 years of age and then stabilized to last through 18 years of age.

Question 58

Which of the following describes the findings of the U.S.survey conducted by the National Sleep Foundation?

A)The majority of the adolescents got less than eight hours of sleep on school nights.
B)Getting inadequate sleep was linked to suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescence and early adulthood.
C)A higher number of adolescents in ninth grade were getting inadequate sleep on school nights than adolescents in twelfth grade.
D)Adolescents who got inadequate sleep were no more likely to be in a depressed mood than those who got adequate sleep.

Question 59

Mary Carskadon and her colleagues concluded from their research of the sleep patterns of U.S.adolescents that:

A)schools should start and end earlier to help adolescents to keep to earlier bedtimes.
B)early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents.
C)early school starting times are conducive to the sleep patterns of older adolescents but not to those of younger adolescents.
D)early school starting times are most conducive to the sleep patterns of adolescents.

Question 60

Almost half of all deaths from 15 to 24 years of age are due to ________,with the majority of them involving ________.

A)a chronic disease; cancer
B)suicide; alcohol
C)homicide; gang activity
D)unintentional injuries; motor vehicle accidents

Question 61

Katie weighs less than 85 percent of what is considered normal for her age and height.Yet,she sees herself as too fat and starves to become thinner.Katie most likely suffers from:

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)binge eating disorder.
D)body dysmorphic disorder.

Question 62

Anorexia nervosa is a(n):

A)eating disorder that involves a binge-and-purge sequence on a regular basis.
B)anxiety disorder whose chief symptom is unrealistic fear of food.
C)drug-induced reaction that produces tremors and vomiting.
D)eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Question 63

A person suffering from anorexia nervosa would have a weight less than _____ percent of what is considered normal for their age and height.

A)25
B)60
C)85
D)65

Question 64

Slightly less than _____ percent of American girls develop anorexia nervosa.

A)1
B)10
C)5
D)15

Question 65

In which of the following groups is death through homicide especially common in adolescence?

A)African American males
B)Latino males
C)Non-Latino White American males
D)Asian American males

Question 66

Anorexia nervosa is about _____ likely to occur in females than males.

A)twice as
B)10 times more
C)half as
D)three times more

Question 67

Based on age of onset,when is anorexia nervosa most likely to begin?

A)Childhood
B)Late adulthood
C)Emerging adulthood
D)Early to middle adolescent years

Question 68

Which of the following qualifies as binge drinking as defined in the University of Michigan surveys?

A)Having less than five drinks in the last two weeks.
B)Having seven or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks.
C)Having less than four drinks in the last week.
D)Having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks.

Question 69

Which of the following is one of the main characteristics that applies to people suffering from anorexia nervosa?

A)Precocious puberty in girls
B)Amenorrhea in girls who have reached puberty
C)Body weight that falls in the 98th percentile of the BMI scale
D)Binge eating followed by purging

Question 70

Since the 1950s,the adolescent suicide rate has:

A)stayed the same.
B)decreased.
C)doubled.
D)tripled.

Question 71

Which of the following has been found to be TRUE about binge drinking?

A)Binge drinking has declined among high school seniors since 1980.
B)Binge drinking has increased for students in the eighth grade in recent years.
C)Binge drinking has increased for students in the tenth grade in recent years.
D)Females engage in more binge drinking than males.

Question 72

In the University of Michigan Monitoring the Future Study,_____ percent of high school seniors said they had been in a vehicle with a drugged or drinking driver in the past two weeks.

A)30
B)70
C)20
D)40

Question 73

Which of the following is one of the main characteristics of people suffering from anorexia nervosa?

A)Higher than average body weight
B)Higher than average height
C)A distorted image of the body shape
D)A constant need to consume food

Question 74

Bill wants to know how he can prevent drug abuse by his adolescent son.You would suggest that Bill:

A)have family dinners most nights of the week.
B)discourage his son from making more friends at school.
C)engage in lesser parental monitoring and control.
D)cease to emphasize educational success.

Question 75

_____ refers to a lack of menstruation in girls who have reached puberty.

A)Amenorrhea
B)Anemia
C)Menarche
D)Anorexia

Question 76

Which of the following characterizes a person suffering from anorexia nervosa?

A)A relentless pursuit of weight gain through binge eating
B)A positive image of the body shape
C)An intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss
D)A high level of self-efficacy

Question 77

Recent research revealed that _____ parenting was linked to lower adolescent alcohol consumption and cigarette use.

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)neglectful
D)indulgent

Question 78

Cigarette smoking among U.S.adolescents:

A)peaked in 2005 and has gradually declined since then.
B)has been increasing every year.
C)peaked in 1996 and has gradually declined since then.
D)has not seen a decline.

Question 79

According to the study by Lloyd Johnston and his colleagues at the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan monitoring the drug use of America's high school seniors in a wide range of public and private high schools,the percentage of illicit drug use:

A)declined in the late 1990s.
B)was highest during the early 1990s.
C)has been at the same level since 1990.
D)increased significantly between 2000 and 2005.

Question 80

Adolescent use of alcohol has recently shown a(n):

A)insignificant change.
B)sizeable decline.
C)mild increase.
D)significant increase.