Deck 2: Management Theory: Essential Background for the Successful Manager

Question 1

Peter Drucker was the author of The Practice of Management and has been described as the creator and inventor of modern management.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: Peter Drucker "was the creator and inventor of modern management," says management guru Tom Peters.In 1954, Drucker published his famous text, The Practice of Management.

Question 2

The contemporary perspective of management includes three viewpoints: systems, behavioral, and quantitative.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: The contemporary perspective of management includes three viewpoints: systems, contingency, and quality-management.

Question 3

Evidence-based management means translating principles from promising new theories into organizational practice.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Evidence-based management means translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process.

Question 4

Motion studies were used to assess and improve efficiency as part of the classical viewpoint.

Question 5

Peter was having a hard time concentrating on work on Friday afternoon.He had friends visiting for the weekend and he kept checking his phone and his Facebook page to solidify his plans.He certainly wasn't working as hard as he could have been, something that scientific management theorist Frederick Taylor would have called "soldiering."

Question 6

As part of the scientific management viewpoint, Taylor suggested paying all employees doing the same job the same wage.

Question 7

Proponents of evidence-based management would say there are few really new ideas.

Question 8

Under the differential rate system proposed by Frederick Taylor, employees should be paid on the basis of seniority.

Question 9

A "therblig," a term coined by Frank Gilbreth, is a unit of motion in the workplace.

Question 10

The classical viewpoint emphasized ways to manage work more independently.

Question 11

Part of evidence-based management is understanding the potential danger in conventional wisdom about management.

Question 12

Shanice recently took a management job in the book publishing industry, which is undergoing dramatic change.She should study theoretical perspectives of management to help her predict some of the probable outcomes of this change and help her decide on potential strategy going forward.

Question 13

The quantitative viewpoint on management is part of the historical perspective.

Question 14

Studying theoretical perspectives of management can be a source of new ideas.

Question 15

Telecommunication company Cisco Systems abandoned its "management councils" experiment, which had replaced a traditional hierarchical structure, because the councils slowed decision making.

Question 16

Because of radical changes to modern business practice, theoretical perspectives of management provide a historical context but unfortunately do not enhance understanding of the present.

Question 17

The practice of management is both an art and a science.

Question 18

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were chief proponents of administrative management.

Question 19

The central assumption in classical management is that people are self-interested.

Question 20

The two branches of the classical viewpoint of management are rational and bureaucratic.

Question 21

One of the problems with the classical viewpoint is that its principles are too focused on human needs rather than on organizational ones.

Question 22

The management theory that draws from the disciplines of psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics is the management science approach.

Question 23

Motivating employees toward achievement is a focus of the classical viewpoint of management.

Question 24

The idea that workers become more productive if they think that managers care about their welfare is called the "Hawthorne Effect."

Question 25

Among Mary Parker Follett's most important contributions to management was her belief that conflicts within organization should be resolved to mutual satisfaction through a process called integration.

Question 26

Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor were theorists in the human relations movement.

Question 27

The first person to identify the major functions of management was Henri Fayol.

Question 28

Because the human relations movement was considered too simplistic for practical use, it has been superseded by the behavioral science approach to management.

Question 29

Max Weber felt that impersonality was a positive attribute of an organization that would lead to better performance.

Question 30

The Hawthorne studies have been criticized for poor design and a lack of empirical data to support the conclusions, so the findings cannot be applied to modern management.

Question 31

Douglas McGregor was one of the pioneers of early behaviorism.

Question 32

The behavioral science approach to management has its roots in techniques created for American and British military personnel and equipment in World War II.

Question 33

Administrative management is most concerned with the jobs of individuals.

Question 34

The application to management of techniques such as statistics and computer simulations is known as quantitative management.

Question 35

Abraham Maslow would say that some human needs must be satisfied before others.

Question 36

Bureaucracy, as conceptualized by Max Weber, was his ideal way to structure an organization.

Question 37

Fast-food companies including McDonald's have used job specialization, and time and motion studies to increase productivity.This reflects the important contributions of the quantitative viewpoint of management.

Question 38

Jaclyn is a manager who keeps a tight rein on her staff since she thinks they would not work without supervision.She doubts their commitment to the company and even to their own development.She is a Theory Y manager.

Question 39

Behavioral science research has shown that competition is superior to cooperation in promoting achievement and productivity.

Question 40

Hugo Munsterberg suggested that psychologists could contribute to industry by studying jobs and determining which people are best suited to specific jobs.

Question 41

Netflix's business suffered when it failed to use an open system in its decision to introduce a large price increase while simultaneously splitting its DVD mail service from its streaming one.

Question 42

The manager following the contingency viewpoint would ask, "What management method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"

Question 43

The contingency viewpoint began to develop when managers discovered that a variety of different mathematical models can be applied for problem solving and decision making.

Question 44

Facilities management is concerned with work scheduling, productions planning, and optimal levels of inventory.

Question 45

Sales data would be considered feedback in a system.

Question 46

Continuous learning in an organization is more likely to occur in an open system than in a closed one.

Question 47

A learning organization is one that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify itself to reflect new knowledge.

Question 48

For a jewelry designer, gold and silver rings, earrings, and bracelets are considered system inputs.

Question 49

Oscar is a manager of a downtown hotel and is currently considering the pricing of rooms for the upcoming holiday season.He would be wise to use the mathematical tools of management science to help him with this decision.

Question 50

Over the years, Toyota has used a variety of operations management-based "lean management" techniques to sell its cars on the basis of superior quality.

Question 51

A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a system.

Question 52

Quality control focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects."

Question 53

Feedback is one of the four parts of a system.

Question 54

One reason for the success of the Tommy Hilfiger clothing brand in the 1990s was maintaining a closed system with respect to young consumers' feedback by conducting research in music clubs.

Question 55

The total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs is known as functionality.

Question 56

Deming and Juran were part of the quality-management movement.

Question 57

In a closed system, an organization's outputs are recycled to become inputs.

Question 58

Gary Hamel, cofounder of the Management Innovation Lab, believes than management innovation can be improved by identifying and sometimes challenging core beliefs that people have about an organization.

Question 59

According to Harvard psychology professor Ellen Langer, one barrier to flexibility is mindlessness.

Question 60

An important source of information about quality in total quality management is competitors.

Question 61

__________ was concerned with managing the total organization and was pioneered by Fayol and Weber.

A)Administrative management
B)Operations management
C)Management science
D)Scientific management
E)Contemporary management

Question 62

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth identified 17 basic units of ______, each of which they called a "therblig."

A)time
B)distance
C)energy
D)data
E)motion

Question 63

Which of the following is not a part of Frederick Taylors's work in scientific management?

A)Elimination of soldiering
B)Motion studies
C)Differential rate system
D)Hierarchy of human needs
E)Raising productivity

Question 64

Classical, behavioral, and quantitative viewpoints about management are collectively referred to as the ________ perspective.

A)historical
B)scientific
C)operations
D)contemporary
E)systems

Question 65

Which of the following was a positive feature of bureaucracy, according to Max Weber?

A)Generalists in the workplace.
B)A flat organization with little hierarchy of authority.
C)Hiring and promotion based on social status.
D)Clear division of labor.
E)Flexible rules and procedures.

Question 66

______ emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers.

A)Scientific management
B)Quantitative science
C)TQM
D)Management science
E)Administrative management

Question 67

Melissa runs a residential-cleaning service and has noticed that some of her staff are much more efficient than others and can clean a house in about half the average time.She would like to reward these workers with a higher wage by implementing what would be known by Taylor as a(n)

A)sliding scale system.
B)incentivized wage system.
C)differential rate system.
D)productivity wage system.
E)merit pay system.

Question 68

Scientific and administrative management are part of the ________ viewpoint.

A)behavioral
B)contingency
C)classical
D)quantitative
E)quality

Question 69

________ management means translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process.

A)Total quality
B)Operations
C)Administrative
D)Evidence-based
E)Scientific

Question 70

Taylor called the tendency for people to deliberately work at less than full capacity

A)loafing.
B)underachieving.
C)underperforming.
D)therbliging.
E)soldiering.

Question 71

Fredrick Taylor and the Gilbreths were proponents of which of the following?

A)Scientific management and administrative management, respectively
B)Management science and human relations management, respectively
C)Human relations
D)Management science
E)Scientific management

Question 72

The contemporary perspective includes which of the following viewpoints?

A)Behavioral
B)Systems
C)Quantitative
D)Classical
E)Rational

Question 73

"True is better than new" is one of the truths of

A)scientific management.
B)the human relations movement.
C)operations management.
D)evidence-based management.
E)management science.

Question 74

An information organization has three parts: creating and acquiring knowledge, transferring knowledge, and modifying behavior.

Question 75

Of the following, which is one of the functions of management described by Fayol?

A)Accommodating
B)Coordinating
C)Arbitrating
D)Collaborating
E)Tasking

Question 76

Which of the following is not one of the principles proposed by Fredrick Taylor to eliminate soldiering?

A)Give workers the training and incentives to do the task properly.
B)Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task.
C)Study each part of the task scientifically.
D)Reward employees equally and consistently.
E)Use scientific principles to plan the work methods.

Question 77

The most significant flaw in the classical viewpoint is that it

A)overemphasizes mathematical techniques.
B)is impractical in the workplace.
C)does not address productivity.
D)discounts the importance of human needs.
E)does not account for irrational behavior.

Question 78

Among the functions of a manager in a learning organization are generating and generalizing ideas with impact.

Question 79

A good reason for studying theoretical perspectives of management is that it

A)provides an understanding of the competitors' strengths.
B)eliminates the need for in-depth analysis.
C)correctly guides the writing of a mission statement.
D)provides clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions.
E)acts as an encyclopedia of solutions.

Question 80

The essence of the classical viewpoint is that

A)resources are limited.
B)a rational approach can be used to boost productivity.
C)people are self-interested.
D)people will take on responsibility if it is offered to them.
E)workers behave how you expect them to.