Deck 16: Human Ancestry and Evolution

Question 1

Otzi the Ice Man's genome most closely resembles that of

A)australopithecines.
B)Neanderthals.
C)orangutans.
D)modern humans.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The fossil records indicates that _____ lived in families of male-female pairs,used fire,and left evidence of social cooperation (lived communally).

A)Homo habilis
B)Australopithecus
C)Dryopithecus
D)Homo erectus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the evolutionary history of the earth,Homo sapiens probably first appeared approximately _____ years ago.

A)2,000
B)20,000
C)200,000
D)2,000,000

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Nariokotome Boy was one of the first H.erectus individuals described.

Question 5

A 3.6 million-year-old partial skeleton,named Lucy,represents an individual who was a member of

A)Australopithecus afarensis.
B)Homo erectus.
C)Homo habilis.
D)Australopithecus garhi.

Question 6

We have DNA evidence of Neanderthals because they lived in cold areas,which preserved their genetic material.

Question 7

Stone tools found with
A.afarensis indicate these hominins sliced meat from bones.

Question 8

About 4 million years ago,_____ left the African forest to dwell in the grasslands.

A)Dryopithecus
B)Aegyptopithecus
C)Australopithecus
D)Propliopithecus

Question 9

The first primates with an angled skull base that were probably able to make a wide range of sounds to aid speech were

A)Homo habilis.
B)Homo erectus.
C)Homo afarensis.
D)Homo sapiens.

Question 10

Modern Europeans and Asians have Neanderthal DNA sequence variants in their genome.

Question 11

All of the following are classified as Homo except

A)Neanderthals.
B)modern humans.
C)Orrorin tugenensis.
D)Otzi.

Question 12

Which of the following represents the correct order,from oldest to most recent?

A)Australopithecus garhi,Homo erectus,Homo floresiensis,Aegyptopithecus
B)Aegyptopithecus,Australopithecus garhi,Homo erectus,Homo floresiensis
C)Aegyptopithecus,Australopithecus garhi,Homo floresiensis,Homo erectus
D)Australopithecus garhi,Aegyptopithecus,Homo floresiensis,Homo erectus

Question 13

_____ are ancestral to both apes and humans.

A)Hominins
B)Humanoids
C)Humanids
D)Hominids

Question 14

The first primates known for their extensive use of tools were

A)Homo habilis.
B)Homo erectus.
C)Homo afarensis.
D)Homo sapiens.

Question 15

Hominins are ancestral to

A)humans only.
B)humans and apes.
C)humans,apes,and gibbons.
D)apes and gibbons.

Question 16

The Denisova hominin co-existed with ancestors of modern humans and the Neanderthals.

Question 17

Australopithecus garhi lived about _____ million years ago.

A)1.0
B)2.5
C)4.0
D)5.0

Question 18

Which of these is in the correct order,from oldest to most recent?

A)Australopithecus garhi,Aegyptopithecus,Homo floresiensis,Denisova hominin
B)Homo sapiens,Ardipithecus kadabba,Sahelanthropus tchadensis,Dryopithecus
C)Australopithecus garhi,Sahelanthropus tchadensis,Dryopithecus
D)Australopithecus garhi,Homo erectus,Denisova hominin,Homo sapiens

Question 19

Otzi the Ice Man is a well preserved example of

A)Homo erectus.
B)Homo habilis.
C)Australopithecus robustus.
D)Homo sapiens.

Question 20

The most recent known habitat of Neanderthals was

A)New Jersey.
B)Gibraltar.
C)Vancouver.
D)Sardinia.

Question 21

Adam was certain that he had Native American ancestors,based on tales that his grandfather told of the family history.He is disappointed when he takes a genetic ancestry test by sending a saliva sample to a testing company,because it does not confirm what he believed to be true.Adam may actually indeed have Native American ancestors because

A)DNA ancestry tests must be performed on blood to be accurate.
B)DNA ancestry tests only work on females,because only they have mtDNA.
C)the DNA sequences identified in ancestry tests do not reflect input from all lineages.
D)the testing labs do not test for Native American Y chromosome sequences.

Question 22

Evolutionary tree diagrams compare

A)anatomical similarities revealed in fossil evidence for several related species.
B)the sizes and shapes of body part in related species.
C)conserved DNA sequences for which the rate of base substitution mutation is known.
D)data derived from radioactive dating of fossils,with the half-life used to estimate time.

Question 23

Molecular clocks that are used to estimate the time when organisms diverged from a common ancestor are only effective when

A)the rate of base substitution mutation is known.
B)the protein cytochrome c of both the species is identical.
C)fossil evidence is absent or unreliable.
D)the species being compare are not closely relateD.

Question 24

Which of the following premises forms the basis of the concept of molecular evolution?

A)The molecules of life all evolved in the same approximate time span.
B)Species that have very similar DNA sequences probably share recent ancestors.
C)Species coevolved similar DNA sequences by chance.
D)All genes have the same mutation rate.

Question 25

Mitochondrial Eve was

A)fossil evidence of the Biblical Eve.
B)an mtDNA sequence that could have given rise,by mutation,to all modern human mtDNA.
C)a hominid who had features of both australopithecines and Homo.
D)a famous female paleontologist who has studied several fossil hominids in Ethiopia.

Question 26

Comparison of common chromosomal banding patterns between humans and 5 other species are given below.Based on these data,humans are least related to

A)gorillas: 99% common chromosome bands.
B)African green monkeys: 95% common chromosome bands.
C)domestic cats: 35% common chromosome bands.
D)mice: 7% common chromosome bands.

Question 27

Human chromosome banding patterns match most closely those of

A)chimpanzees.
B)monkeys.
C)gorillas.
D)orangutans.

Question 28

The type of hominid that was most likely to include mitochondrial Eve is

A)Neanderthals.
B)Australopithecus afarensis.
C)Dryopithecus.
D)Homo sapiens idaltu.

Question 29

Recently,fossils of a new species,called _____,were discovered in Indonesia.They were smaller than modern humans,had a small brain,but appeared to use tools.

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo afarensis
D)Homo floresiensis

Question 30

Differences between the amino acid sequence of human cytochrome c and that of 5 other species are given in the choices below.Based on these data,humans are most closely related to

A)bullfrogs: 20 amino acid differences.
B)pigeons: 12 amino acid differences.
C)fruit flies: 24 amino acid differences.
D)yeast: 42 amino acid differences.

Question 31

A hypothesized "first woman" (Eve)probably lived about _____ years ago.

A)2,000
B)20,000
C)200,000
D)2,000,000

Question 32

A study of certain nuclear genes in humans and chimpanzees shows that the two species differ in 5 percent of their DNA bases.Base substitution mutations occur at a rate of 1 percent per one million years.How many million years ago did these species diverge?

A)0.5
B)1
C)3
D)5

Question 33

The human cytochrome c is identical to _____ cytochrome c.

A)chimpanzee
B)cow
C)bull frog
D)rabbit

Question 34

Mitochondrial DNA sequences are useful to track recent evolution because

A)it mutates faster than nuclear DNA.
B)it encodes more ancient proteins than does nuclear DNA.
C)it is more stable than nuclear DNA.
D)it is inherited from mothers only.

Question 35

An evolutionary tree is most likely to reflect reality if it

A)requires the fewest mutations.
B)compares two distant species.
C)ignores incomplete datasets in the evaluation.
D)is based on molecular clocks and not fossil evidence.

Question 36

Haplogroups consist of

A)sets of species that share a recent ancestor.
B)the set of Y chromosomes in a population.
C)groups of SNPs that are linked on a chromosome.
D)preserved gametes,which are haploiD.

Question 37

The fact that modern Native Americans share certain genetic markers with indigenous populations in southern Siberia,but not with others,is evidence that

A)the ancestors of modern Native Americans migrated from Siberia to the Americas.
B)the ancestors of Native Americans migrated from Europe to the U.S.east coast.
C)the ancestors of modern Siberians migrated from the west coast of the U.S.to Russia.
D)Mitochondrial Eve lived in Siberia and her descendants migrated to the U.S.

Question 38

A complication of molecular clock studies is that

A)DNA and proteins appeared in life at about the same time.
B)genes mutate at different rates.
C)DNA is not often preserved in fossils.
D)some species are more highly evolved than others.

Question 39

The definition of an indigenous people is a group that

A)is the oldest in its geographical area and has retained its culture.
B)has a genetic disease that is rare in other groups.
C)has most recently come into a geographical area.
D)has been the target of discrimination.

Question 40

Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that modern humans and Neanderthals are separate species?

A)A Neanderthal was found buried with flowers in Shanidar,Iraq.
B)The same mutation may have given some Neanderthals red hair and pale skin as a mutation known in modern humans.
C)Sequenced Neanderthal genome parts are three times as different from the human genome as the least related humans are to each other.
D)Neanderthal remains are found in Europe and western Asia.

Question 41

A major way that the human genome differs from the genomes of other primates is that

A)the human genome has many deletions compared to the other primate genomes.
B)the human genome has many duplicated regions compared to the other primate genomes.
C)the human genome has many more C and T bases in its genes than the other genomes.
D)human proteins are much larger than their counterparts in the other primate species.

Question 42

An example of a single-gene trait that distinguishes humans from other primates is

A)the presence of two sides to the brain.
B)the abundance of fetal hemoglobin in humans.
C)the lack of adult hemoglobin in marmosets and lemurs.
D)our non-opposable thumbs.

Question 43

Humans and chimps look and behave differently but are genetically so similar because of their differences in _____ rather than in genome sequence.

A)gene expression
B)genetic mutation
C)phenotypes
D)mtDNA

Question 44

Which of the following is true about the human and chimpanzee genomes?
Rev: 04_25_2014_QC_48747

A)99% of the DNA sequences found in chimpanzees are also found in humans.
B)Considering indels and sequences not present in humans,the similarity between human and chimp genomes is about 97.5%.
C)Chimpanzees have DNA sequences in their genome that are not present in the human genome.
D)The human and chimp genomes differ in DNA sequences but not in number of copies of DNA sequences.