Deck 33: Regulation of Temperature and Body Fluids

Question 1

You are testing substances on your windshield for their chemical contents,and you think that you have found a patch of bird excrement.Therefore,you expect the test to show abundant

A) ammonia.
B) urea.
C) nucleotides.
D) uric acid.
E) allatonin.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In animals,which of the following help retain body heat?

A) fur, fat, and feathers
B) fat and feathers
C) fur and feathers
D) fur and fat
E) fur

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which nitrogenous waste produced by animals during metabolism is highly toxic and must be excreted as a dilute solution in a lot of water?

A) urea
B) nucleotides
C) uric acid
D) ammonia
E) allatonin

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Freshwater fish lose water by osmosis.

Question 5

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) simple diffusion.
D) osmosis.
E) phagocytosis.

Question 6

The control of an organism's body temperature is

A) osmoregulation.
B) photoregulation.
C) chemoregulation.
D) thermoregulation.
E) homeostasis.

Question 7

The major excretory organ of the human urinary system is the

A) gall bladder.
B) pancreas.
C) liver.
D) adrenal gland.
E) kidney.

Question 8

You are examining an ecosystem and notice a large insect.When you measure its temperature,you find it to be constant in sun or shade,wind or still air.This indicates that this is,unexpectedly,an insect which is a(n)

A) homotherm.
B) ectotherm.
C) endotherm.
D) positherm.
E) thermophile.

Question 9

The process used to control the level of water and ions in body fluids is termed

A) thermoregulation.
B) mechanoregulation.
C) chemoregulation.
D) hemoregulation.
E) osmoregulation.

Question 10

If you were working with a patient and were told urine was blocked at the last step before exiting the body,you would try to find a technique or drug to unblock the

A) uvula.
B) renal vein.
C) nephron.
D) urethra.
E) ureter.

Question 11

In humans,the muscular tube into which urine from the kidney first drains is the

A) urethra.
B) uvula.
C) ureter.
D) urinary bladder.
E) nephron.

Question 12

Saltwater fish lose water by osmosis.

Question 13

An organism that has behavioral strategies to manage the gain of heat from and the loss of heat to the environment,but lacks a physiological temperature-regulating mechanism,is termed a(n)

A) homotherm.
B) endotherm.
C) positherm.
D) ectotherm.
E) thermophile.

Question 14

If you wanted to design a drug to alter human thermoregulation by altering a part of the brain,you would want to design a drug to alter activity in the

A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) hypothalamus.
D) pons.
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 15

A nonavian reptile is _____ and has a body temperature _____.

A) ectothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature
B) endothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature
C) ectothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
D) endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
E) All of the anwer choices are correct.

Question 16

You have discovered a kind of bird which has adapted to become aquatic.What would you expect if it lives submerged in freshwater?

A) The bird would take up water into its cells by osmosis.
B) The bird would visit land to eat salt.
C) The cells of the bird would absorb water by osmosis.
D) The bird's kidneys would face constant stress.
E) The bird would excrete urea.

Question 17

A mammal is _____ and has a body temperature _____.

A) ectothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature
B) endothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature
C) ectothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
D) endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 18

The simplest nitrogenous waste product of protein breakdown is

A) urea.
B) ammonia.
C) uric acid.
D) nucleic acid.
E) allatonin.

Question 19

Mammals excrete nitrogenous wastes in which of the following forms?

A) ammonia
B) urea
C) nucleotides
D) uric acid
E) allatonin

Question 20

Homeostasis is defined as the ability of an organism to

A) anchor itself to the rocks or soil of a body of water.
B) carry out chemical reactions.
C) sexually mature.
D) withstand extreme temperatures.
E) maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 21

Dialysis is a procedure in which a machine takes over the function of the

A) liver.
B) pancreas.
C) hypothalamus.
D) urinary bladder.
E) kidney.

Question 22

A diuretic is a substance that

A) decreases the permeability of the tubules to water.
B) increases the volume of blood.
C) decreases the volume of water in the body.
D) increases the volume of urine.
E) increases the production of ADH.

Question 23

The functional unit of a kidney is a

A) neuron.
B) glomerulus.
C) nephron.
D) collecting duct.
E) nexus.

Question 24

If,during a dissection,you were asked to place a pin in the part of the kidney containing the collecting duct,you would pin the

A) renal periphery.
B) renal cortex.
C) glomerulus.
D) collecting duct.
E) renal medulla.

Question 25

You are working with a patient who has been poisoned.You note elevated blood pressure,and tissue biopsies of the patient's liver show extra sodium channels in the kidney,so you suspect that the patient has been given

A) epinephrine.
B) aldosterone.
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
D) insulin.
E) testosterone.

Question 26

A tuft of capillaries within the kidney that is used to collect blood that needs to be filtered is the

A) glomerulus.
B) collecting duct.
C) renal medulla.
D) renal cortex.
E) renal pelvis.

Question 27

Alcohol reduces ADH secretion which in turn does which of the following?

A) decreases tubule permeability to water and thus increases urine volume
B) decreases tubule permeability to water and thus decreases urine volume
C) increases tubule permeability to water and thus increases urine volume
D) increases tubule permeability to water and thus decreases urine volume

Question 28

The outer main section of the kidney is the

A) renal periphery.
B) renal medulla.
C) renal cortex.
D) glomerulus.
E) collecting duct.

Question 29

If a drug had been banned for damaging the kidney by causing poor drainage of the glomerulus,you would suspect that the drug caused damage to

A) the renal pelvis.
B) the pacinian corpuscle.
C) Bowman's capsule.
D) the renal vein.
E) the renal artery.

Question 30

Dilation of blood vessels in extremities can help animals lose excess heat as part of thermoregulation.

Question 31

Countercurrent exchange is used for homeostasis both by some animals experiencing cold conditions and by kidneys in the nephron loop.

Question 32

The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
C) growth hormone (GH).
D) luteinizing hormone (LH).
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Question 33

One symptom of kidney failure can be the appearance of blood in the urine.This would indicate that which part of the kidney was damaged?

A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) distal convoluted tubule
C) glomerulus
D) nephron
E) collecting duct

Question 34

One reason for homeostasis in body temperature is that excessively high temperature can lead to protein denaturation and loss of protein function.

Question 35

Fresh water is much more dilute than the cells of a fish,so the animal constantly takes in water at its gills.How would a freshwater fish osmoregulate?

A) drink seawater and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water
B) drink seawater and use active transport at the gills to get rid of excess salts
C) produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water
D) produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to get rid of excess salt from the water

Question 36

If you awoke and looked out your window and saw a gopher shaking,what might be true about the temperature outside?

A) It is very cold, and the gopher is shivering to help thermoregulate.
B) It is very hot, and the gopher is trying to increase perspiration.
C) It is hot and dry, causing the gopher to have kidney problems.
D) Temperatures are moderate, and the gopher may be trying to attract a mate.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 37

Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium in the blood.This is a concern for marathon runners who drink too much water,and can cause life-threatening pressure on the brain.Why would this occur?

A) Neurons would take up the sodium from the blood and not be able to polarize.
B) Neurons would be stimulated to all fire at once.
C) Neurons would swell by osmosis.
D) Neurons die in low levels of sodium.
E) Neurons cannot give the kidneys signals to reabsorb sodium ions.

Question 38

The chemical composition of urine reflects the processes of

A) filtration.
B) reabsorption.
C) secretion.
D) concentration.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 39

A person with a defect in blood flow to the kidney would have a problem with the _______ artery.

A) brachial
B) radial
C) hepatic
D) renal
E) carotid

Question 40

A penguin's feet are nearly as cold as ice,while the bird's core body temperature is much higher.Which of the following explains this observation?

A) countercurrent heat exchange between warm blood in arteries and cold blood in veins
B) countercurrent heat exchange between warm blood in veins and cold blood in arteries
C) Blood supply to the legs is shut off by vasoconstriction.
D) There are no muscles in the feet of penguins to generate heat.
E) Heat cannot diffuse from the core of the body to the feet because the feet are too far away.

Question 41

When fluid enters the collecting duct,it is called urine.

Question 42

Like the kidney,a dialysis machine leaves what in the blood?

A) water
B) waste
C) blood cells
D) salt
E) glucose

Question 43

Based on the figure,what conclusion could the authors deduce from the graph?

A) Nasal cross-section increases with mass.
B) Nonavian reptiles generally have lower nasal cross-sections than mammals of the same mass.
C) Nonavian reptiles generally have lower nasal cross-sections than birds of the same mass.
D) Dinosaurs had some of the highest nasal cross-sections of all nonavian reptiles.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 44

From the collecting duct,urine first goes to the ureter.

Question 45

Turbinates were found in therapsids,extinct reptiles thought to be ancestors of mammals.What could the researchers conclude from this observation?

A) Ectothermy arose before fur.
B) Ectothermy arose after fur.
C) Endothermy arose before fur.
D) Endothermy arose after fur.
E) Birds did not descend from reptiles.

Question 46

What effect would drinking salt water have in a human?

A) dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the blood into the urine
B) dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the urine into the blood
C) increased hydration as the extra salt in the blood pulls water out of tissues
D) increased hydration as the extra salt in the urine pulls water out of tissues
E) dehydration as salt in the intestines pulls water out of the urine

Question 47

An endotherm typically will have a karger nasal cavity than an ectotherm of equivalent mass.

Question 48

Figuer:
In this figure,the authors of the study looked for a correlation between which two variables?

A) mass and nasal cross section
B) mass and endothermy
C) being extinct and mass
D) mass and nasal cross section
E) presence of a turbinate and nasal cross section

Question 49

If you were faced with a patient with hypertension and wanted to help,you would prescribe diuretics because they _____ blood volume and _____ blood pressure.

A) decrease; increase
B) increase; increase
C) decrease; decrease
D) increase; decrease