Deck 26: The Nervous System

Question 1

The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the

A) synaptic neuron.
B) interneuron.
C) motor neuron.
D) sensory neuron.
E) somatic neuron.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the

A) synaptic neuron.
B) interneuron.
C) motor neuron.
D) sensory neuron.
E) Schwann cell.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If you wanted to surgically disrupt the part of a neuron which conducts the nerve impulse,you would cut what part of the neuron?

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) trigger zone
D) cell body
E) Schwann cells

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the peripheral nervous system,neuroglia called __________________ form the myelin sheath.

A) companion cells
B) oligodendrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) alpha cells
E) trigger cells

Question 5

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the

A) synapse.
B) cell body.
C) axon.
D) dendrite.
E) node of Ranvier.

Question 6

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are

A) interneurons, synaptic neurons, and neuroglia.
B) synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and Schwann cells.
C) sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
D) Schwann cells, sensory neurons, and neuroglia.
E) synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons.

Question 7

Imagine that you are told to use a fluorescent antibody that binds to sodium channels to helpvisualize the part of a neuron where nerve impulses originate.The area where you would find the greatest antibody fluorescence and therefore the greatest concentration of sodium channels would be the

A) trigger zone.
B) axon.
C) synapse.
D) Schwann cell.
E) dendrite.

Question 8

The rounded part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the

A) node of Ranvier.
B) axon.
C) synapse.
D) dendrite.
E) cell body.

Question 9

If you wanted to block transmission of nerve impulses between successive neurons,you would design a drug to impair

A) axons.
B) dendrites.
C) synapses.
D) trigger zones.
E) nodes of Ranvier.

Question 10

On an axon,the small spacings between the insulation surrounding the axon are called

A) trigger zones.
B) axons.
C) synapses.
D) dendrites.
E) nodes of Ranvier.

Question 11

If you were trying to build a mechanical model of a neuron,in terms of magnitude and kind,while not transmitting a signal,you would want the model to have a(n)

A) action potential of −70 mV.
B) resting potential of −70 mV.
C) resting potential of +35 mV.
D) action potential of +35 mV.
E) action potential of +70 mV.

Question 12

To improve communication between two neurons,it is necessary in many cases to have a healthy

A) synaptic neuron.
B) interneuron.
C) sensory neuron.
D) motor neuron.
E) Schwann cell.

Question 13

The part of the neuron that is usually highly branched and receives input from other neurons is the

A) dendrite.
B) axon.
C) synapse.
D) cell body.
E) node of Ranvier.

Question 14

The three major roles of the human nervous system,based on the general role of the nervous system in vertebrates,are

A) sensory integration, glandular response, and motor response.
B) seeing, feeling, and hearing.
C) sensory input, sensory integration, and motor response.
D) smooth muscle response, cardiac muscle response, and skeletal muscle response.
E) motor input, motor integration, and general sensation.

Question 15

A motor neuron's __________ and ___________ reside in the central nervous system,but its ____________ extend(s)into the peripheral nervous system.

A) cell body; dendrites; axon
B) axon; cell body; trigger zone
C) dendrites; axon; cell body
D) axon; cell body; dendrites
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 16

The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the _____ nervous system.

A) peripheral
B) central
C) somatic
D) autonomic
E) sympathetic

Question 17

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge is a(n)

A) isomer.
B) isotope.
C) ion.
D) neurotransmitter.
E) acid.

Question 18

In a neuron at rest,

A) active transport is not occurring.
B) sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.
C) very little metabolism is taking place.
D) the inside of a neuron is positively charged as compared to the outside.
E) potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

Question 19

If you wanted to stop the function of the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron,you could starve the cell of ATP because this pump performs

A) simple diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) osmosis.
D) phagocytosis.
E) facilitated diffusion.

Question 20

The cells that detect internal and external conditions are

A) sensors.
B) motivators.
C) effectors.
D) collaborators.
E) axons.

Question 21

Based on your understanding of homeostatsis in humans,you would expect a shutdown of the central nervous system of a cat to affect homeostasis.

Question 22

During an action potential,

A) sodium ions rush out of the cell, switching the potential to +35 mV.
B) sodium ions rush into the cell, switching the potential to −70 mV.
C) sodium ions rush into the cell, switching the potential to +35 mV.
D) sodium ions rush out of the cell, switching the potential to −70 mV.
E) sodium ions rapidly move in and out of different parts of the neuron, oscillating potential between −50 and +35 mV.

Question 23

In myelinated axons,_____ ions can diffuse _____ the axon only at nodes of Ranvier.

A) potassium; into
B) sodium; into
C) sodium; out of
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 24

The nervous tissue that consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system is the

A) white corpuscles.
B) grey matter.
C) red corpuscles.
D) red matter.
E) white matter.

Question 25

The nervous system of a cat is more similar to the nervous system of a human than to the nervous system of a crayfish.

Question 26

A nerve impulse travels about __________ times faster when it leaps between nodes of Ranvier than when it travels along an unmyelinated axon.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 100
E) 50

Question 27

Even though a hydra only has a nerve net,not a central nervous system,it still has

A) synapses.
B) gray matter.
C) white matter.
D) an autonomic nervous system.
E) the same neurotransmitters as humans.

Question 28

Usually nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another by

A) neurotransmitters.
B) action potentials.
C) resting potentials.
D) threshold potentials.
E) nodes of Ranvier.

Question 29

The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the

A) white matter.
B) white corpuscles.
C) gray matter.
D) red corpuscles.
E) red matter.

Question 30

If you administered an acetylcholine-destroying drug directly into the brain of a rat,this might lead to a mimicking of

A) epilepsy.
B) insomnia.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) Huntington disease.
E) Alzheimer disease.

Question 31

The part of the brain that is responsible for homeostatic control of most organs is the

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.
E) cerebrum.

Question 32

You are examining a primitive vertebrate and want to determine whether the same part of its brain coordinates muscular movement as in the human brain,so you would do a surgical experiment to disconnect the rest of the brain from the

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.
E) cerebrum.

Question 33

You are asked to design a chemical to mimic another chemical critical for transmitting nerve signals from one neuron to another.Therefore,you know that you need to design an inhibitor chemical to counteract a(n)

A) synaptic cleft.
B) action potential.
C) hormone.
D) neurotransmitter.
E) neurotoxin.

Question 34

A condition that develops when serotonin levels in the brain are deficient is

A) insomnia.
B) epilepsy.
C) Alzheimer disease.
D) Parkinson disease.
E) Huntington disease.

Question 35

You hear that a friend has had a traumatic injury to a part of the nervous system,resulting in a large loss in the ability to transmit nerve impulses.You guess that this means damage to the

A) motor neuron.
B) spinal cord.
C) sensory neuron.
D) brainstem.
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 36

In nerve impulse transmission,the neuron sending the message across a synapse is called the

A) postsynaptic cell.
B) Schwann cell.
C) presynaptic cell.
D) motor cell.
E) receptor neuron.

Question 37

If you read about a drug designed to lead to more release of dopamine from the synaptic terminals of certain brain neurons,you would know that the drug was designed to fix synaptic function and thus cure

A) epilepsy.
B) insomnia.
C) Alzheimer disease.
D) Huntington disease.
E) Parkinson disease.

Question 38

Nodes of Ranvier are intervals between Schwann cells that _____ the conduction of nerve impulses.

A) slow
B) have no effect on
C) trigger
D) speed
E) completely block

Question 39

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the _____ system.

A) somatic
B) autonomic
C) sympathetic
D) parasympathetic
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 40

A condition that develops when GABA levels in the brain are deficient is

A) epilepsy.
B) insomnia.
C) Huntington disease.
D) Alzheimer disease.
E) Parkinson disease.

Question 41

Damage to the pons would lead to problems with posture.

Question 42

Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression.Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?

A) Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse.
B) Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse.
C) More serotonin would be released by the neuron.
D) Less serotonin would be released by the neuron.
E) The neuron would switch from serotonin to another neurotransmitter.

Question 43

Homeostasis could be disrupted by drugs which affected any of: sympathetic division,parasympathetic division,hypothalamus.

Question 44

Saxitoxin is produced by dinoflagellates.

Question 45

Figuer:
In the figure,which of the following was the dependent variable?

A) concentration of saxitoxin fed to the clams
B) rate of Na⁺ flow across the membrane of the clam neuron
C) ability of clams to burrow
D) location from which the clams were isolated
E) species of algae fed to the clams

Question 46

Figuer:
In the figure,the researchers measured a clam's ability to burrow as an indicator of paralysis due to inhibition of a Na⁺ transporter by saxitoxin.Which of the following would occur in sensitive clam cells that have been exposed to saxitoxin?

A) Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to leave a neuron by facilitated diffusion.
B) Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to leave a neuron by active transport.
C) Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to enter a neuron by active transport.
D) Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to enter a neuron by facilitated diffusion.
E) Na⁺ ions would no longer be used by neurons.

Question 47

A neuron fires when Na⁺ ions

A) move down their concentration gradient by the process of facilitated diffusion.
B) are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.
C) move against their concentration gradient spontaneously.
D) are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.
E) are released from an internal store.

Question 48

If a person has a stroke and their speech becomes impaired,which region of the brain was likely to be affected?

A) parietal lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) temporal lobe
E) brainstem

Question 49

Which of the following best describes how a neuron fires?

A) Na⁺ ions cross the plasma membrane, initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
B) Vesicles carry neurotransmitters from the nucleus to the other end of the neuron.
C) Na⁺ ions enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end, down the axon.
D) Neurotransmitters enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end, down the axon.
E) Neurotransmitters cross the plasma membrane, creating a wave that travels down the axon.

Question 50

The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary muscles involved in processes such as moving legs while consciously walking.

Question 51

A typical neuron consists of a cell body,dendrites,and an axon.

Question 52

In a spinal cord injury,nerve signals cannot proceed past the location of the injury.A person who is quadriplegic can move their head and neck,but not their arms,abdomen,or legs.Which part of their spinal cord was damaged?

A) thoracic
B) lumbar
C) cervical
D) sacral
E) coccyx

Question 53

If you were asked to point to the site in the brain which controls automatic functions like breathing,you would put your finger on a picture of the brain at the

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.
E) cerebrum.

Question 54

In the research on Na⁺ uptake by clam cells,the researchers focused on Na⁺ transporters.Why can't Na⁺ ions cross a cell membrane without a transport protein?

A) There is not a Na⁺ gradient without a transport protein.
B) Na⁺ is hydrophobic.
C) Na⁺ uptake requires active transport.
D) Na⁺ can diffuse directly across a membrane.
E) Membranes are hydrophobic.

Question 55

In a spinal cord injury,nerve signals cannot proceed past the location of the injury.A person who is paraplegic can move their head,arm,neck,and hands,but not their abdomen or legs.Which part of their spinal cord was damaged?

A) thoracic
B) cervical
C) lumbar
D) sacral
E) coccyx

Question 56

The layered membranes that jacket the central nervous system are the

A) grey matter.
B) meninges.
C) white matter.
D) epidermis.
E) myelin sheaths.

Question 57

How would exposure to saxitoxin from algae cause changes in clam populations?

A) Saxitoxin would cause mutations to occur in the clam's DNA.
B) Saxitoxin would increase the mutation rates in clams.
C) Saxitoxin would select existing mutations in the clam population.
D) Clams sensitive to saxitoxin would migrate away from the algae bloom.
E) Clams would want to change their Na⁺ transporters to become resistant to saxitoxin.

Question 58

A drug designed to stop neurons from recharging would block the step in which ions

A) are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.
B) spontaneously move down their concentration gradient.
C) spontaneously move against their concentration gradient.
D) are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.

Question 59

Impaired vision after a blow to the head implies damage to the vision processing center in the brain,which is what region?

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) occipital lobe
E) brainstem

Question 60

A neuronn must reach threshold potential before an action potential begins.

Question 61

The purpose of the nodes of Ranvier is to start nerve impulses.

Question 62

During an action potential,sodium ions pour into the cell.

Question 63

The reason that we can tell light from sound is because different neurons transmit these different stimuli.

Question 64

If you were designing an artificial device to mimic a nerve involved in perceiving pressure,what kind of potential would the device need to mimic?

A) threshold potential
B) action potential
C) graded potential
D) both threshold and action potentials
E) both threshold and graded potentials

Question 65

Neurotransmitters released from a presynaptic cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.

Question 66

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and repose" types of neural activities.

Question 67

The connection point between an interneuron and a motor neuron is a synapse.

Question 68

A graded potential allows for variable,rather than all-or-none responses,in neurons.

Question 69

Unmyelinated regions between adjacent myelin sheath cells are called synaptic clefts.

Question 70

A nerve impulse does not spread backwards because of a refractory period in which the membrane reestablishes its resting potential and cannot generate another action potential.