Deck 4: Subatomic Particles

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a conceptual model of an atom?

A)a model that illustrates the tendency of an atom to undergo radioactive decay and the products it produces
B)a model that illustrates the physical structure of the atom
C)a model that represents the shape of the nucleus and the location of the electrons
D)a description of the location of the neutrons and protons in an atom
E)none of the above

Answer 1

a model that illustrates the tendency of an atom to undergo radioactive decay and the products it produces

Question 2

Which of the following experiments helped to determine that most of an atom is actually empty space except for a very small positive core?

A)J.J. Thompson's cathode ray deflection experiments
B)R. Millikan's oil drop experiments
C)E. Rutherford's gold foil experiments
D)Avogadro's number experiments
E)Franklin's kite experiments

Answer 2

E. Rutherford's gold foil experiments

Question 3

Which of the following determined the ratio of the charge of an electron to its mass?

A)J.J. Thompson's cathode ray deflection experiments
B)E. Rutherford's gold foil experiments
C)Avogadro's number experiments
D)Franklin's kite experiments

Answer 3

J.J. Thompson's cathode ray deflection experiments

Question 4

What prompted early scientists to propose that the ray of the cathode ray tube was due to the cathode?

A)The ray was present regardless of gas, or even without a gas.
B)The ray was attracted to positively charge electric plates.
C)The ray was not seen from the positively charged anode.
D)The ray could be diverted by a magnetic field.
E)The ray would change colors depending on which gas was used inside the tube.

Question 5

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: a gold coin, dollar bill, car engine, air pollution, virus, spread of sexually transmitted disease?

A)conceptual model-gold coin, car engine, virus; physical model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease, dollar bill
B)physical model-gold coin, car engine, virus; conceptual model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease; dollar bill, which could represent wealth, may well be described by either model.
C)You could adequately describe all of the topics by either model. The choice depends only on the characteristics requiring description.
D)physical model-gold coin, dollar bill, car engine; conceptual model-virus, air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease

Question 6

The cathode ray consists of ________.

A)positively charged particles
B)negatively charged particles
C)electrically neutral particles
D)massless particles

Question 7

Why can't we see atoms?

A)We see with light energy and the wavelength of light is larger than the atom and is not reflected.
B)Atoms are invisible.
C)We cannot see things that are microscopic.
D)We see with light energy but the atoms absorb all the light and therefore there are no reflections.
E)Atoms do not interact with light energy and therefore we are unable to observe them with light.

Question 8

If the particles of a cathode ray had a greater electric charge, the ray passing through a magnetic field would bend ________.

A)more because of a greater electromagnetic attraction
B)less because of greater electrical inertia
C)more because the particles would be traveling faster
D)by the same amount regardless of its charge

Question 9

Which of the following could NOT be represented by a conceptual model?

A)the energy of a nucleus
B)the floor plan of a house
C)the weather
D)the behavior of schoolchildren
E)both A and B

Question 10

Which of the following experiments helped to determine the charge of an electron and (indirectly)its mass?

A)J.J. Thompson's cathode ray deflection experiments
B)R. Millikan's oil drop experiments
C)E. Rutherford's gold foil experiments
D)Avogadro's number experiments
E)Franklin's kite experiments

Question 11

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: the brain; the mind; the solar system; the beginning of the universe?

A)conceptual; physical; conceptual physical
B)conceptual; conceptual; conceptual; conceptual
C)physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual
D)physical; physical; physical; physical

Question 12

Thousands of magnetic marbles are thrown into a vertically oriented wind tunnel. As they are thrown, no marbles are free from other marbles. Instead, they clump together in groups of varying numbers. The wind tunnel operator is able to control the upward force of the wind so as to make clumps of marbles hover. She records the various forces of wind required to maintain hovering clumps in units of ounces: 45, 30, 60, 75, 105, 35, 80, 55, 90, 20, 65. From this data, what might be the weight of a single magnetic marble? What is the force of the wind analogous to within Millikan's experiment?

A)3 ounces; the force of the wind is analogous to the force of gravity within Millikan's experiment.
B)3 ounces; the force of the wind is analogous to the strength of the electric field within Millikan's experiment.
C)5 ounces; the force of the wind is analogous to the force of gravity within Millikan's experiment.
D)5 ounces; the force of the wind is analogous to the strength of the electric field within Millikan's experiment.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a property of an electron?

A)charge changes depending on mass
B)fundamental component of atoms
C)attracted towards positively charge electrical plates
D)weighs approximately 9.1 × 10^-31 kg
E)has a negative charge

Question 14

Which of the following could best be represented by a physical model?

A)a cell
B)an atom
C)rationality
D)ecosystem
E)both A and B

Question 15

What is the main difference between a conceptual model and a physical model?

A)A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves.
B)A conceptual model represents the shape and form while a physical model describes how a system behaves.
C)Physical models can only be used to represent the real world.
D)Conceptual models can only be used to describe concepts.
E)Physical models and conceptual models can be used to describe the same things.

Question 16

A one ounce Ping-Pong ball is pushed upwards by a fan so that the Ping-Pong ball hovers neither rising nor falling. What is the force of the wind on the Ping-Pong ball in units of ounces?

A)1 ounce in an upward direction.
B)2 ounces in an upward direction.
C)1 ounce in an downward direction.
D)2 ounces in an downward direction.

Question 17

If an atom were the size of a baseball, its nucleus would be about the size of a(n)________.

A)walnut
B)raisin
C)flea
D)atom

Question 18

What do the components of a conceptual model have in common?

A)All components interact with each other.
B)All components are mutually independent of each other.
C)The components have nothing in common. This is what differentiates a conceptual model from a physical model.
D)Each component must correlate with a corresponding component of a physical model.

Question 19

What prompted early scientists to propose that the ray of the cathode ray tube was actually a negatively charged particle?

A)The ray was present regardless of gas, or even without a gas.
B)The ray was attracted to positively charge electric plates.
C)The ray was not seen from the positively charged anode.
D)The ray could be diverted by a magnetic field.
E)The ray would change colors depending on which gas was used inside the tube.

Question 20

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't objects pass through one another?

A)The electrons on the atoms repel other electrons on other atoms when they get close.
B)The nucleus of one atom repels the nucleus of another atom when it gets close.
C)The nucleus of one atom attracts the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.
D)The electrons of one attracts the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.
E)none of the above

Question 21

The ray of light within a neon sign bends when a magnet is held up to it because ________.

A)neon, like iron, is attracted to magnets
B)the light arises from the flow of electron within the tube
C)magnetic fields are able to pass through glass
D)impurities within the neon plasma are attracted to the magnet

Question 22

What does the following element description actually mean? U

A)a uranium atom with 92 protons and 146 neutrons
B)a uranium atom with 238 neutrons and 92 protons
C)a uranium atom with 92 neutrons and 238 protons
D)a uranium atom with 92 neutrons and 146 protons
E)none of the above

Question 23

Which element has the atomic number 9?

A)F
B)Ne
C)B
D)Na
E)Be

Question 24

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It does not have an electrical charge.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 25

What does the following element description actually mean? iron-57

A)iron with a mass number of 57
B)iron with an atomic number of 57
C)iron with 57 protons
D)iron with 57 neutrons
E)57 iron atoms

Question 26

If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (Au), what new element is formed?

A)Ir^2-
B)Au
C)Re
D)Au^2-
E)Tl

Question 27

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It has a relatively large mass.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 28

What does the following element description actually mean? hydrogen-2

A)a hydrogen with one neutron and one proton
B)a hydrogen with two neutrons
C)a hydrogen with two protons
D)a molecule of hydrogen gas
E)two hydrogen atoms

Question 29

Which element has the atomic number 12?

A)Mg
B)C
C)B
D)Na
E)Be

Question 30

Which of the following statements describes an isotope?

A)element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
B)element with the same number of protons but a different number of electrons
C)element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of electrons
D)element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons
E)none of the above

Question 31

Which of the following statements does not describe a proton?

A)It orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
B)It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.
C)It is much more massive than an electron.
D)It is a nucleon.
E)It is attracted to negatively charged electrical plates.

Question 32

What does the following element description actually mean? O

A)an oxygen atom with 6 protons and 12 neutrons
B)an oxygen atom with 6 neutrons and 12 protons
C)6 oxygen atoms with 18 neutrons
D)18 oxygen molecules with 6 neutrons each
E)none of the above

Question 33

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is electrically charged.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 34

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is a nucleon.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 35

In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, alpha particles ________.

A)passed through the atomic nucleus
B)touched the atomic nucleus
C)were deflected by the atomic nucleus
D)were invisible to the atomic nucleus

Question 36

Which of the following does not describe a neutron?

A)It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.
B)It is much more massive than an electron.
C)It is a nucleon.
D)It is often associated with protons.
E)It is more difficult to detect than a proton or an electron.

Question 37

The mass number of an element is ________.

A)the sum of the protons and the neutrons
B)the sum of the electrons and the protons
C)the sum of the electrons and the neutrons
D)the sum of the isotopes
E)the number of protons

Question 38

Using the following generic atom description, choose the correct method for determining the number of neutrons. X

A)subtract G from F
B)subtract F from G
C)add F and G
D)divide F by G
E)look it up on the periodic table

Question 39

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is located outside of the nucleus.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 40

If you remove two protons and two electrons from a sulfur atom (S), what new element is formed?

A)Si
B)Si⁺²
C)Al⁺²
D)Al
E)Ar^-2

Question 41

If an element has 9 protons and 10 neutrons and 9 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

A) F
B) F
C) K
D) K
E) K

Question 42

An element has two different isotopes: one that weighs 65 amu and another that weighs 67 amu. If the average atomic mass of all the isotopes is 66.5 amu, what can be said about the relative abundance of the isotopes?

A)The isotope with the mass of 67 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 65.
B)The isotope with the mass of 65 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 67.
C)The isotope with the mass of 66.5 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 67.
D)The isotope with the mass of 66.5 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 65.
E)All the isotopes have the same relative abundance.

Question 43

How does Rutherford's model of the atom explain why some of the alpha particles directed at the gold foil were deflected straight back toward the source?

A)Alpha particles sling shot around the atomic nucleus much like comets sling shot around the sun.
B)Each atom has a center in which mass is very dense, but elastic.
C)The gold nucleus is able to deflect alpha particles much like a mirror is able to reflect photons.
D)The atomic nucleus is very small but dense and carries a positive electric charge.

Question 44

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of the oxygen-16 isotope, a nucleus of which element remains?

A)nitrogen-12
B)carbon-12
C)neon-18
D)carbon-14

Question 45

You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would ________.

A)become arsenic
B)become radioactive
C)expand and likely lodge in your throat
D)have a change in flavor

Question 46

If an element has 10 protons and 11 neutrons and 10 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

A)neon-21
B)neon-11
C)neon-31
D)sodium-11
E)sodium-20

Question 47

If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? U

A)92
B)82
C)235
D)143
E)none of the above

Question 48

If an element has 18 protons and 20 neutrons and 18 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

A)argon-38
B)argon-18
C)argon-20
D)calcium-38
E)calcium-20

Question 49

Why did Rutherford propose a model for the atom with a very small nucleus containing the bulk of the mass and a positive charge?

A)because a beam of positively charged particles (alpha particles)were partially reflected by a thin gold foil
B)because a beam of positively charged particles (alpha particles)were able to penetrate by a thin gold foil
C)because a beam of negatively charged particles (beta particles)were partially reflected by a thin gold foil
D)because a beam of negatively charged particles (beta particles)were able to penetrate a thin gold foil
E)because a beam of positively charged particles (alpha particles)were completely reflected by a thin gold foil

Question 50

Isotopes of the same element have a different number of ________.

A)protons
B)neutrons
C)electrons
D)photons

Question 51

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? carbon-13

A)6
B)12
C)13
D)7
E)none of the above

Question 52

An element found in another galaxy exists as two isotopes. If 80.0 percent of the atoms have an atomic mass of 80.00 amu and the other 20.0 percent have an atomic mass of 82.00 amu, what is the atomic mass of the element?

A)81.0 amu
B)64.0 amu
C)80.4 amu
D)16.4 amu
E)81.6 amu

Question 53

If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? O

A)6
B)18
C)12
D)24
E)none of the above

Question 54

Boron has primarily two isotopes, one with an atomic mass of 11.0 amu and another with an atomic mass of 10.0 amu. If the abundance of the boron atom with a mass of 11.0 amu is 18.9 percent and the abundance of the other isotope is 81.1 percent, what would be the average mass of the boron atom?

A)10.2 amu
B)11.0 amu
C)10.0 amu
D)10.8 amu
E)not enough information given

Question 55

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? fluorine-19

A)9
B)10
C)11
D)19
E)none of the above

Question 56

Does it make sense to say that a textbook is about 99.9 percent empty space?

A)No. A textbook is a solid and thus is quite dense. Therefore it is not 99.9 percent empty space.
B)No. Only gases are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space. Liquids and solids are not.
C)Yes. A textbook like all material things is made up of atoms, which are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space.
D)No. A textbook could only be considered to be 99.9 percent empty space if it were combusted.

Question 57

If a neutral element has 8 neutrons and 7 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

A) N
B) O
C) O
D) O
E)cannot tell from information given

Question 58

If an element has 15 protons and 16 neutrons and 15 electrons, what is the atomic mass of the element?

A)31
B)15
C)16
D)30
E)none of the above

Question 59

Rutherford assumed that the atomic nucleus was positively charged because ________.

A)electrons were already established to be negatively charged
B)the alpha particles that ricocheted off of the nucleus are also positively charged
C)he had a very optimistic outlook on life
D)Two of the above are reasonable answers

Question 60

Which of the following diagrams best represents the size of the atomic nucleus relative to the size of the atom? A B C D

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 61

Which of the following statements best describes electromagnetic radiation?

A)Light waves are oscillations of electric and magnetic fields.
B)All light energy is visible.
C)Light energy is due to vibrations in the air.
D)Light waves propagate through a medium called ether, similar to waves in water.
E)Light is due to oscillations in the nucleus of atoms.

Question 62

What is the approximate mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units (amu)? How about a carbon dioxide molecule?

A)A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 28 amu.
B)A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 32 amu.
C)A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 44 amu.
D)A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 22 amu.

Question 63

The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons does this iron atom have?

A)52
B)26
C)24
D)none

Question 64

When we breathe we inhale oxygen, , and exhale carbon dioxide, , plus water vapor, O. Which likely has more mass, the air that we inhale or the same volume of air we exhale? Does breathing cause you to lose or gain weight?

A)The air we inhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.
B)The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.
C)The air we inhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to gain weight.
D)The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to gain weight.

Question 65

A beam of protons and a beam of neutrons of the same energy are both harmful to living tissue. The beam of neutrons, however, is less harmful. Why?

A)Neutrons are much smaller and lighter than protons and would do less damage.
B)Neutrons travel at reduced speed compared to the speed at which protons travel.
C)Neutrons carry no electric charge and thus have a greater likelihood of passing through the tissue.
D)All of the above are reasons why neutrons are less harmful.

Question 66

In the following diagram, which of the following is the measurement of one wavelength?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)b and c

Question 67

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation.

A)The neutron is nearly massless.
B)The neutron is only slightly more massive than the proton.
C)The discovery required the use of ultrafast computers.
D)The neutron lacks an electrical charge.

Question 68

The isotope lithium-7 has a mass of 7.0160 atomic mass units, and the isotope lithium-6 has a mass of 6.0151 atomic mass units. Given the information that 92.58 percent of all lithium atoms found in nature are lithium-7 and 7.42 percent are lithium-6, calculate the atomic mass of lithium, Li (atomic number 3).

A)7.0160 amu
B)6.942 amu
C)6.495 amu
D)13.031 amu

Question 69

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?

A)Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size.
B)Electrons contribute more to an atom's mass while protons contribute more to its size.
C)Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.
D)Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.

Question 70

Which of these shows light waves in order of increasing energy?

A)Radio < Microwave < Infrared < Ultraviolet < Visible
B)Visible < Ultraviolet < Microwave < Infrared < Radio
C)Ultraviolet < Visible < Infrared < Microwave < Radio
D)Radio < Microwave < Infrared < Visible < Ultraviolet

Question 71

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?

A)Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements.
B)That would be too much of a coincidence.
C)The atomic masses are average atomic masses.
D)Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.

Question 72

How are frequency and wavelength related?

A)The higher the frequency the lower the wavelength.
B)The larger the wavelength the higher the frequency.
C)The lower the frequency the lower the wavelength.
D)wavelength = frequency
E)none of the above

Question 73

If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element?

A)atomic mass, 137 amu; Barium
B)atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium
C)atomic mass, 99 amu; Radon
D)atomic mass 142 amu; Einsteinium

Question 74

What is the difference between radiation and electromagnetic radiation?

A)Radiation is from decay of nuclei while electromagnetic radiation is any form of light.
B)Radiation is particles while electromagnetic radiation is a wave.
C)Radiation can be blocked by lead plates while electromagnetic radiation cannot be.
D)Radiation is waves while electromagnetic radiation is a particle.
E)Radiation is damaging to living tissue while electromagnetic radiation has no effect on living tissue.

Question 75

Which has more atoms: a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 or a 1-gram sample of carbon-13?

A)More information is needed.
B)a 1-gram sample of carbon-12
C)a 1-gram sample of carbon-13
D)They have the same number of atoms.

Question 76

In the following diagram, which of the following measurements would represent the distance the wave travels in 1 second if it has a frequency of 0.5 Hz?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)b and c

Question 77

Which of the above has the most energy?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 78

Which of the above has the highest wavelength?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 79

Which of the above has the highest frequency?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 80

The element bromine, Br (atomic number 35), has two major isotopes of similar abundance, both around 50 percent. The atomic mass of bromine is reported in the periodic table as 79.904 atomic mass units. Choose the most likely set of mass numbers for these two bromine isotopes.

A)Br-80, Br-81
B)Br-79, Br-80
C)Br-79, Br-81
D)Br-78, Br-80