Deck 5: Periodicity and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Question 1

The greater the energy of a photon,the

A)longer the wavelength and the higher the frequency.
B)longer the wavelength and the lower the frequency.
C)shorter the wavelength and the higher the frequency.
D)shorter the wavelength and the lower the frequency.

Answer 1

shorter the wavelength and the higher the frequency.

Question 2

What is a quantum of light called?

A)the amplitude
B)the frequency
C)a photon
D)the wavelength

Answer 2

a photon

Question 3

According to the Balmer-Rydberg equation,the transition from n = 6 to m = 2 results in a spectral line having which color?

A)blue
B)blue-green
C)indigo
D)red

Answer 3

indigo

Question 4

A quantized variable

A)can be continuously varied.
B)can only assume certain values.
C)consists of photons.
D)is extremely small.

Question 5

Arrange the following spectral regions in order of increasing wavelength: infrared,microwave,ultraviolet,visible.

A)microwave < infrared < visible < ultraviolet
B)microwave < visible < infrared < ultraviolet
C)ultraviolet < infrared < visible < microwave
D)ultraviolet < visible < infrared < microwave

Question 6

Arrange the following spectral regions in order of increasing energy: infrared,microwave,ultraviolet,visible.

A)microwave < infrared < visible < ultraviolet
B)microwave < visible < infrared < ultraviolet
C)ultraviolet < infrared < visible < microwave
D)ultraviolet < visible < infrared < microwave

Question 7

Which of the following is not quantized?

A)the charge on a monatomic ion
B)the distance between two objects
C)the population of the United States
D)the static charge on a balloon rubbed with wool

Question 8

What is the frequency of a helium-neon laser light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm? The speed of light is 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s.

A)4.74 × 10¹⁴ s^-1
B)4.74 × 10⁵ s^-1
C)2.11 × 10^-15 s^-1
D)1.58 × 10^-15 s^-1

Question 9

The absorption of a photon of wavelength 4.67 × 10^-6 m is necessary for a CO molecule to pass from the lowest vibrational energy level to the next highest vibrational level.If this higher vibrational level has an energy of 6.41 × 10^-20 J,what is the energy of the lowest vibrational level? (h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J ∙ s)

A)1.60 × 10^-20 J
B)2.15 × 10^-20 J
C)3.20 × 10^-20 J
D)4.26 × 10^-20 J

Question 10

What is the first ionization energy for a hydrogen atom in the ground state? The Rydberg constant is .

A)7.27 × 10^-36 J
B)1.63 × 10^-27 J
C)2.18 × 10^-18 J
D)0.00823 J

Question 11

The intensity of a beam of light is related to its

A)frequency.
B)relative number of photons.
C)speed.
D)wavelength.

Question 12

The absorption of light of frequency 1.16 × 10¹¹ Hz is required for CO molecules to go from the lowest rotational energy level to the next highest rotational energy level.Determine the energy for this transition in kJ/mol.(h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J ∙ s)

A)7.69 × 10^-23 kJ/mol
B)0.0463 kJ/mol
C)46.3 kJ/mol
D)949 kJ/mol

Question 13

For hydrogen,what is the wavelength of the photon emitted when an electron drops from a 3d orbital to a 2p orbital in a hydrogen atom? The Rydberg constant is 1.097 × 10^-2 nm^-1.

A)656.3 nm
B)486.2 nm
C)364.6 nm
D)2.057 × 10^-3 nm

Question 14

According to the Balmer-Rydberg equation,electromagnetic radiation with wavelength λ = 486.1 nm will be absorbed when an electron undergoes which of the following transitions?

A)m = 2 → n = 3
B)m = 2 → n = 4
C)n = 3 → m = 2
D)n = 4 → m = 2

Question 15

Molecular vibrational energy transitions are observed in the infrared,molecular rotational transitions in the microwave,and electronic transitions in the ultraviolet-visible range.Which transitions require the most energy and which the least energy?

A)Electronic transitions require the least energy and vibrational transitions the most.
B)Rotational transitions require the least energy and electronic transitions the most.
C)Vibrational transitions require the least energy and electronic transitions the most.
D)Vibrational transitions require the least energy and rotational transitions the most.

Question 16

Light can be made to have a higher intensity by raising its

A)amplitude.
B)energy.
C)frequency.
D)wavelength.

Question 17

The Balmer-Rydberg equation can be extended to ions with only one electron,such as He⁺.In that case it has the form: 1/λ = Z^2R(1/m² - 1/n²),where Z is the atomic number.What is the energy of the photon required to promote an electron in He⁺ from a 1s orbital to a 2p orbital?

A)(3/4)hcR
B)3hcR
C)4hcR
D)12hcR

Question 18

According to the Balmer-Rydberg equation,which transition results in the emission of a photon in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum?

A)m = 1 → n = 2
B)m = 3 → n = 4
C)m = 2 → n = 1
D)m = 4 → n = 3

Question 19

Photochemists use electromagnetic radiation to initiate chemical reactions,often by providing the energy required to break bonds within a molecule.Lowering which of the following will result in electromagnetic radiation having more energy per photon?

A)amplitude
B)frequency
C)intensity
D)wavelength

Question 20

According to the Balmer-Rydberg equation,electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelength will be emitted when an electron undergoes which of the following transitions?

A)m = 1 → n = 2
B)m = 2 → n = 3
C)n = 2 → m = 1
D)n = 3 → m = 2

Question 21

How many electrons can a single orbital hold?

A)2n
B)2
C)2l + 1
D)8

Question 22

The number of orbitals in a given subshell,such as the 5d subshell,is determined by the number of possible values of

A)n.
B)l.
C)m_l.
D)m_s.

Question 23

According to the Bohr model,when a hydrogen electron makes a transition from n=4 to n=2,which of the following statements is true? I.Energy is emitted.
II.Energy is absorbed.
III.Electrons lose energy.
IV.Electrons gain energy.

A)I only
B)I and III
C)I and IV
D)II and IV

Question 24

The wave characteristics of a large,moving object,such as an automobile,are difficult to observe because the

A)energy is not quantized.
B)energy is quantized,but the spacing between energy levels is small.
C)wavelength is very large.
D)wavelength is very small.

Question 25

What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron (m = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg)moving at a velocity of (10% of the speed of light)?

A)less than 3.9 × 10^-12 m
B)2.4 × 10^-11 m
C)3.3 × 10^-8 m
D)greater than 1.1 × 10^-4 m

Question 26

What are the possible values of n and m_l for an electron in a 6d orbital?

A)n = 1,2,3,4,or 5 and m_l = 2
B)n = 1,2,3,4,or 5 and m_l = -2,-1,0,+1,or +2
C)n = 6 and m_l = 2
D)n = 6 and m_l = -2,-1,0,+1,or +2

Question 27

How many subshells are there in the shell with n = 6?

A)5
B)6
C)15
D)36

Question 28

How many h orbitals are allowed in a given shell?

A)5
B)6
C)11
D)13

Question 29

According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle,

A)the position of a particle cannot be measured precisely.
B)the momentum of a particle cannot be measured precisely.
C)neither the position nor the momentum of a particle can be measured precisely.
D)the position and momentum of a particle can be measured precisely,but not at the same time.

Question 30

How many orbitals are there in the seventh shell?

A)6
B)7
C)21
D)49

Question 31

Which of the following is not true?

A)All moving objects have wave characteristics.
B)For objects moving at a given speed,the larger the mass,the shorter the wavelength.
C)The de Broglie relation and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle apply only to small particles.
D)The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is an inequality.

Question 32

The four lines observed in the visible emission spectrum of hydrogen tell us that

A)The hydrogen molecules they came from have the formula H₄.
B)We could observe more lines if we had a stronger prism.
C)There are four electrons in an excited hydrogen atom.
D)Only certain energies are allowed for the electron in a hydrogen atom.

Question 33

For an electron in a given atom,the larger n,the

A)larger the average distance from the nucleus and the higher the orbital energy.
B)larger the average distance from the nucleus and the lower the orbital energy.
C)smaller the average distance from the nucleus and the higher the orbital energy.
D)smaller the average distance from the nucleus and the lower the orbital energy.

Question 34

An old copper penny has a mass 3 × 10²² times that of a copper atom.Compare the de Broglie wavelength of a penny moving at 0.5 m/s to that of a copper atom moving 10⁴ times as fast.The wavelength for the

A)copper atom is 3 × 10¹⁸ times that of the penny.
B)copper atom is 3 × 10²⁶ times that of the penny.
C)penny is 3 × 10¹⁸ times that of the copper atom.
D)penny is 3 × 10²⁶ times that of the copper atom.

Question 35

An oxygen molecule has a mass of 5.3 × 10^-26 kg and an approximate diameter of 3.6 × 10^-10 m.If the molecule is moving at 400 m/s (1000 mph)with an uncertainty in velocity of 1 m/s,the uncertainty in position

A)is less than or equal to 5 × 10^-26 m.
B)must be equal to 5 × 10^-26 m.
C)must be equal to 1 × 10^-9 m.
D)is greater than or equal to 1 × 10^-9 m.

Question 36

What are the possible values of l if n = 5?

A)5
B)0,1,2,3,or 4
C)-4,-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3,or +4
D)-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3,+4,or +5

Question 37

From the following list of observations,choose the one that most clearly supports the following conclusion by de Broglie: "Electrons have wave properties."

A)Line emission spectrum of hydrogen
B)The photoelectric effect
C)Xray diffraction
D)Sodium chloride produces sodium solid and chlorine gas

Question 38

Which of the following is true?

A)The Bohr atom is the model currently accepted for electrons in atoms.
B)Electrons travel around the nucleus in circular orbits.
C)There is a 5% chance of finding an electron in an atom outside its orbital.
D)The square of the wave function gives the probability of finding the electron.

Question 39

A baseball with a mass of 150 g is moving at a velocity of 40 m/s (90 mph).If the uncertainty in the velocity is 0.1 m/s,the uncertainty in position

A)may be zero.
B)must be less than or equal to 4 × 10^-33 m.
C)must be 4 × 10^-33 m.
D)must be greater than or equal to 4 × 10^-33 m.

Question 40

The subshell designations follow the alphabet after f.What is the first shell in which an h orbital would be allowed?

A)fifth
B)sixth
C)seventh
D)eighth

Question 41

For an orbital,a node is

A)the midpoint of the orbital.
B)a surface inside which there is a 90% chance of finding the electron.
C)a surface where there is a maximum probability of finding the electron.
D)a surface where there is no chance of finding the electron.

Question 42

What is the ground-state electron configuration of tellurium?

A)[Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p⁴
B)[Kr]5s²5p⁶5d⁸
C)[Kr]5s²5p⁴
D)[Kr]4f¹⁴4d¹⁰5s²5p⁴

Question 43

Which element has the ground-state electron configuration [Xe]6s²5f⁴?

A)Pr
B)Nd
C)Pm
D)Sm

Question 44

Which has the highest Z_eff for its valence electrons?

A)Na
B)Mg
C)Si
D)Cl

Question 45

Two electromagnetic waves are represented below.
Wave (a)has the

A)longer wavelength and higher frequency than wave (b).
B)longer wavelength and lower frequency than wave (b).
C)shorter wavelength and higher frequency than wave (b).
D)shorter wavelength and lower frequency than wave (b).

Question 46

List all the elements that have a ground-state configuration with five unpaired electrons in the 3d subshell.

A)Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,and Zn
B)Cr and Mn
C)Cr
D)Mn

Question 47

Rank the following elements in order of increasing effective nuclear charge: Na,Mg,Cl,and S.

A)S < Cl < Mg < Na
B)Cl < Mg < Na < S
C)Mg < Na < Cl < S
D)Na < Mg < Cl < S

Question 48

An element in a ground state electron configuration has 4 electrons in the 4p orbitals.Which of the following statements can not describe the electron configurations in this atom?

A)At least one electron has an orbital angular momentum (l)of 2.
B)Six electrons are in the n=4 shell.
C)The valence electron configuration is identical to carbon.
D)No electrons have an orbital angular momentum (l)of 3.3.

Question 49

Within a given shell of a multielectron atom,the lower l for an orbital,the

A)higher the orbital energy and the higher Z_eff for the electron.
B)higher the orbital energy and the lower Z_eff for the electron.
C)lower the orbital energy and the higher Z_eff for the electron.
D)lower the orbital energy and the lower Z_eff for the electron.

Question 50

Molybdenum has an anomalous electron configuration.Write the electron configuration of Mo using shorthand notation.

A)[Kr] 5s⁰ 4d⁶
B)[Kr] 5s⁰ 4d⁰ 5p⁶
C)[Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁵
D)[Kr] 5s² 4d⁴

Question 51

Which orbitals have two nodal planes passing through the nucleus?

A)s
B)p
C)d
D)all in the third shell

Question 52

Which of the following elements will have unpaired electrons in the ground state? Ca,Li,C,F

A)Ca,Li,C,and F
B)Li,C,and F
C)Li and F
D)C and F

Question 53

For a multielectron atom,a 3s orbital lies lower in energy than a 3p orbital because

A)a 3p orbital has more nodal surfaces than a 3s orbital.
B)other electrons more effectively shield electrons in the 3s orbital from the nucleus.
C)other electrons more effectively shield electrons in the 3p orbital from the nucleus.
D)there are more p orbitals than s orbitals in a given shell.

Question 54

What is the general valence-electron ground-state electron configuration for neutral halogens?

A)ns¹
B)ns^2np7
C)1s²2s²2p⁷
D)1s²2s²3p⁷

Question 55

Two electromagnetic waves are represented below.
Wave (a)has the

A)longer wavelength and higher energy than wave (b).
B)longer wavelength and lower energy than wave (b).
C)shorter wavelength and higher energy than wave (b).
D)shorter wavelength and lower energy than wave (b).

Question 56

Which of the following is true? The probability density

A)for all s orbitals is independent of direction from the nucleus.
B)for all s orbitals is independent of distance from the nucleus.
C)is independent of direction from the nucleus for 1s orbitals only.
D)is independent of distance from the nucleus for 1s orbitals only.

Question 57

If the quantum number m_s had possible values +1/2,-1/2,what would be the maximum number of electrons that be placed in a single orbital?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 58

Which statement is false?

A)For any atom,the 4s orbital lies lower in energy than the 5s orbital.
B)For a hydrogen atom,a 4s orbital,a 4p orbital,and a 4d orbital all have the same energy.
C)The 4s orbital lies lower in energy than the 3d orbital for atoms K,Ca,Sc,and Ti.
D)The 4s orbital lies lower in energy than the 3d orbital for Cu and Fe²⁺.

Question 59

The first vibrational level for NaH lies at 1.154 × 10^-20 J and the second vibrational level lies at What is the frequency of the photon emitted when a molecule of NaH drops from the second vibrational level to the first vibrational level?

A)1.742 × 10¹³ Hz
B)3.399 × 10¹³ Hz
C)5.140 × 10¹³ Hz
D)6.882 × 10¹³ Hz

Question 60

The symbol [Kr] represents

A)4s²4p⁶.
B)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²4p⁶.
C)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶.
D)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰.

Question 61

For the fourth-shell orbital shown below,what are the principal quantum number,n,and the angular momentum quantum number,l?

A)n = 4 and l = 0
B)n = 4 and l = 1
C)n = 4 and l = 2
D)n = 4 and l = 3

Question 62

Which of the above fourth-shell orbitals is a 4d_x^2-y2 orbital?

A)orbital (a)
B)orbital (b)
C)orbital (c)
D)orbital (d)

Question 63

For the fourth-shell orbital shown below,what are the principal quantum number,n,and the angular momentum quantum number,l?

A)n = 4 and l = 0
B)n = 4 and l = 1
C)n = 4 and l = 2
D)n = 4 and l = 3

Question 64

Which element,indicated by letter on the periodic table above,contains one f electrons?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 65

What is the ground-state valence-shell electron configuration of the group of elements indicated by the shaded portion of the periodic table?

A)ns²
B)ns^2np2
C)ns²(n-1)d²
D)ns²(n-2)f²

Question 66

Which of the above fourth-shell orbitals is a 4d_yz orbital?

A)orbital (a)
B)orbital (b)
C)orbital (c)
D)orbital (d)

Question 67

Which period of elements,indicated by letter on the periodic table,has electrons whose highest principal quantum number n is 5?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 68

Which of the above fourth-shell orbitals is a 4p_z orbital?

A)orbital (a)
B)orbital (b)
C)orbital (c)
D)orbital (d)

Question 69

Which groups of elements,indicated by letter on the periodic table,have two unpaired p electrons in their valence shell?

A)A and B
B)A and C
C)B and C
D)B and D

Question 70

What is the ground-state valence-shell electron configuration of the group of elements indicated by the shaded portion of the periodic table?

A)ns²
B)ns^2np2
C)ns²(n-1)d²
D)ns²(n-2)f²

Question 71

Which element,indicated by letter on the periodic table above,has the ground-state electron configuration [Ar]4s² 3d²?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 72

For the fourth-shell orbital shown below,what are the principal quantum number,n,and the angular momentum quantum number,l?

A)n = 4 and l = 0
B)n = 4 and l = 1
C)n = 4 and l = 2
D)n = 4 and l = 3

Question 73

Which of the above fourth-shell orbitals is a 4p_y orbital?

A)orbital (a)
B)orbital (b)
C)orbital (c)
D)orbital (d)

Question 74

Two electromagnetic waves are represented below.
Wave (b)has the

A)higher frequency and higher energy than wave (a).
B)higher frequency and lower energy than wave (a).
C)lower frequency and higher energy than wave (a).
D)lower frequency and lower energy than wave (a).

Question 75

For the fourth-shell orbital shown below,what are the principal quantum number,n,and the angular momentum quantum number,l?

A)n = 4 and l = 0
B)n = 4 and l = 1
C)n = 4 and l = 2
D)n = 4 and l = 3

Question 76

Two electromagnetic waves are represented below.
Wave (b)has the

A)higher amplitude and greater intensity than wave (a).
B)higher amplitude and weaker intensity than wave (a).
C)lower amplitude and greater intensity than wave (a).
D)lower amplitude and weaker intensity than wave (a).

Question 77

Two electromagnetic waves are represented below.
If wave (a)represents green light,wave (b)might represent

A)blue light.
B)red light.
C)ultraviolet radiation.
D)X-rays.

Question 78

Which group of elements,indicated by letter on the periodic table,has electrons with the ground-state valence-shell electron configuration ns² np⁴?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 79

Which grouping of elements,indicated by letter on the periodic table above,represents the f-block elements?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 80

What is the ground-state valence-shell electron configuration of the group of elements indicated by the shaded portion of the periodic table?

A)ns²
B)ns^2np2
C)ns²(n-1)d²
D)ns²(n-2)f²