Deck 8: Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure

Question 1

What is the smallest bond angle in SF₆?

A)60°
B)90°
C)109.5°
D)120°

Answer 1

90°

Question 2

What is the molecular geometry of SCl₄?

A)seesaw
B)square planar
C)square pyramidal
D)tetrahedral

Answer 2

seesaw

Question 3

What is the angle between adjacent sp³ hybrid orbitals?

A)90°
B)109.5°
C)120°
D)180°

Answer 3

109.5°

Question 4

The orbital hybridization on the central carbon atom in CH₃CCH is

A)sp.
B)sp².
C)sp³.
D)sp⁴.

Question 5

What is the F-B-F bond angle in BF₃?

A)less than 109.5°
B)109.5°
C)120°
D)greater than 120°

Question 6

Which of the following best describes CO₂? It has a molecular geometry that is

A)linear molecular shape with no lone pairs on the I atom.
B)linear molecular shape with lone pairs on the I atom.
C)non-linear molecular shape with no lone pairs on the I atom.
D)non-linear molecular shape with lone pairs on the I atom.

Question 7

Which of the following should be nonlinear?

A)only I
B)only II
C)only III
D)II and III

Question 8

A triple bond is generally composed of

A)three π bonds.
B)two π bonds and one σ bond.
C)one π bond and two σ bonds.
D)three σ bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following should be nonplanar?

A)only I
B)only II
C)only III
D)I and III

Question 10

The C O bond in COCl₂ can be described as

A)a σ bond and a π bond,both involving sp hybrid orbitals on C.
B)a σ bond involving an sp hybrid orbital on C and a π bond involving a p orbital on C.
C)a σ bond and a π bond,both involving sp² hybrid orbitals on C.
D)a σ bond involving an sp² hybrid orbital on C and a π bond involving a p orbital on C.

Question 11

Which of the following would be expected to have sp² hybridization on atom A?

A)II
B)I and III
C)I,II,and III
D)I and IV

Question 12

The number of sp² hybrid orbitals on the carbon atom in CO₃^2- is

A)one.
B)two.
C)three.
D)four.

Question 13

Which of the following is not true?

A)The sp³ hybrid orbitals are degenerate.
B)An sp³ hybrid orbital may hold a lone pair of electrons.
C)An sp³ hybrid orbital may form a sigma bond by overlap with an orbital on another atom.
D)An sp³ hybrid orbital may form a pi bond by overlap with an orbital on another atom.

Question 14

Based on VSEPR theory,which should have the smallest XAX bond angle?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 15

What is the molecular geometry of XeF₄?

A)seesaw
B)square planar
C)square pyramidal
D)tetrahedral

Question 16

Which of the following is not a valence bond concept?

A)The greater the overlap between the orbitals on two atoms,the stronger the bond.
B)Lone pair electrons are in atomic orbitals or in hybrid atomic orbitals.
C)Atomic orbitals on two atoms may overlap to form antibonding orbitals.
D)A pair of electrons in a bond is shared by both atoms.

Question 17

What is the molecular geometry of CH₃^-?

A)T-shaped
B)tetrahedral
C)trigonal planar
D)trigonal pyramidal

Question 18

Which type of bond produces a charge cloud with a nodal plane containing the bond axis?

A)σ
B)π
C)σ and π
D)neither σ nor π

Question 19

What is the molecular geometry of TeF₅^-?

A)octahedral
B)seesaw
C)square pyramidal
D)trigonal bipyramidal

Question 20

Which orbital hybridization is associated with a tetrahedral cloud arrangement?

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp⁴

Question 21

Which substance in each of the following pairs is expected to have the larger dispersion forces?

A)Br₂ in set I and n-butane in set II
B)Br₂ in set I and isobutane in set II
C)I₂ in set I and n-butane in set II
D)I₂ in set I and isobutane in set II

Question 22

The MO diagram below is appropriate for B₂.Based on this diagram,B₂

A)has a bond order of one and is diamagnetic.
B)has a bond order of one and is paramagnetic.
C)has a bond order of two and is diamagnetic.
D)has a bond order of two and is paramagnetic.

Question 23

Which of the following molecules will readily form hydrogen bones with H₂O?

A)H₂
B)C₃H₈
C)CH₄
D)CH₃OH

Question 24

The HI bond has a length of 161 pm and 4.92% ionic character.What is the experimental dipole moment of HI?

A)0.380 D
B)0.772 D
C)3.80 D
D)7.72 D

Question 25

Which compound below could have a zero dipole moment?

A)CCl₂F₂ (tetrahedral)
B)CuCl₂F₂ (tetrahedral)
C)PtCl₂F₂ (square planar)
D)SCl₂F₂ (see-saw)

Question 26

Which molecular orbital resembles a d-orbital?

A)σ
B)σ^*
C)π
D)π^*

Question 27

Which molecular orbital resembles a p-orbital?

A)σ
B)σ^*
C)π
D)π^*

Question 28

The following MO diagram is appropriate for Li₂ and Be₂.Based on this diagram,

A)both are stable and diamagnetic.
B)Li₂ is stable and diamagnetic,but Be₂ is unstable.
C)Be₂ is stable and diamagnetic,but Li₂ is unstable.
D)Be₂ is stable and paramagnetic,but Li₂ is unstable.

Question 29

The dipole moment of BrF is 1.29 D,and its bond length is 178 pm.What is the percent ionic character of the Br-F bond?

A)3.9%
B)8.5%
C)15%
D)33%

Question 30

What is the hybridization on the N atom in NO₂^- and in NO₃^-?

A)sp² for NO₂^- and sp³ for NO₃^-
B)sp³ for NO₂^- and sp² for NO₃^-
C)sp for NO₂^- and sp² for NO₃^-
D)sp² for both

Question 31

Which molecular orbitals for homonuclear diatomic molecules are degenerate?

A)π molecular orbitals
B)σ molecular orbitals
C)π molecular orbitals and σ molecular orbitals
D)neither π molecular orbitals nor σ molecular orbitals

Question 32

AgCl is found to have 78.1% ionic character,and its gas phase dipole moment is 11.5 D.What is the distance between the Ag and Cl atoms in gaseous AgCl?

A)9.19 × 10^-10 pm
B)14.7 pm
C)307 pm
D)903 pm

Question 33

Which of the following molecules has polar bonds but has no net dipole?

A)NH₃
B)CCl₄
C)CHCl₃
D)CH₄

Question 34

The bonds in the polyatomic ion CO₃^2- are classified as

A)ionic.
B)metallic.
C)nonpolar covalent.
D)polar covalent.

Question 35

Which of the following compounds exhibits hydrogen bonding?

A)CH₃F
B)CH₃OCH₃
C)(CH₃)₃N
D)CH₃CH₂OH

Question 36

The dipole moment of ClF is 0.88 D,and its bond length is 163 pm.What is the percent ionic character of the Cl-F bond?

A)0.54%
B)7.8%
C)11%
D)25%

Question 37

If an electron is added to H₂ it would go into a

A)σ molecular orbital and strengthen the H-H bond.
B)σ molecular orbital and weaken the H-H bond.
C)σ* molecular orbital and strengthen the H-H bond.
D)σ* molecular orbital and weaken the H-H bond.

Question 38

Which atomic orbitals are involved in bonding and which as lone pair orbitals for N₂H₂? H - = - H

A)bonding: s on H,sp² on N lone pair: p on N
B)bonding: sp² on both H and N lone pair: p on N
C)bonding: s on H,p on N lone pair: sp² on N
D)bonding: s on H,sp² and p on N lone pair: sp² on N

Question 39

A molecule with the formula XF₃ where the element X has the hybridization sp³.Which of the following elements could be Y?

A)C
B)P
C)B
D)Si

Question 40

Compare the energies of molecular orbitals of homonuclear diatomic molecules with the energies of the atomic orbitals with which they correlate.

A)Both bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals lie lower in energy than the atomic orbitals.
B)Bonding orbitals are lower and antibonding orbitals are higher in energy than the atomic orbitals.
C)Bonding orbitals are higher and antibonding orbitals are lower in energy than the atomic orbitals.
D)Both bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals are higher in energy than the atomic orbitals.

Question 41

In which will the O-O bond be made stronger by removing an electron?

A)only O₂
B)only O₂^-
C)only O₂^2-
D)all of these

Question 42

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of NH₄⁺?

A)linear
B)bent
C)trigonal pyramidal
D)tetrahedral

Question 43

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of SO₂?

A)linear
B)bent
C)trigonal planar
D)trigonal pyramidal

Question 44

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of BrF₃?

A)trigonal bipyramidal
B)seesaw
C)T-shaped
D)linear

Question 45

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of NH₂^-?

A)linear
B)bent
C)trigonal pyramidal
D)tetrahedral

Question 46

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of XeF₂?

A)trigonal bipyramidal
B)seesaw
C)T-shaped
D)linear

Question 47

Which is the best description of the bonding in NO₃^-?

A)3 N-O σ bonds and no N-O π bonds
B)3 N-O σ bonds and 3 N-O π bonds
C)no N-O σ bonds and delocalized N-O π molecular orbitals extending over all four atoms
D)3 N-O σ bonds and delocalized N-O π molecular orbitals extending over all four atoms

Question 48

Given that O₂ is paramagnetic and has a bond order of 2,and its highest occupied molecular orbital is antibonding,what would be the expected bond orders for O₂^2- and O₂²⁺?

A)1 for O₂^2- and 3 for O₂²⁺
B)3/2 for O₂^2- and 5/2 for O₂²⁺
C)5/2 for O₂^2- and 3/2 for O₂²⁺
D)3 for O₂^2- and 1 for O₂²⁺

Question 49

Use the following MO diagram for Be₂,Be₂⁺,and Be₂^-.Based on this diagram,

A)Be₂⁺ is more stable than Be₂,and Be₂ is more stable than Be₂^-.
B)Be₂^- is more stable than Be₂,and Be₂ is more stable than Be₂⁺.
C)Be₂⁺ and Be₂^- are both more stable than Be₂.
D)Be₂ is more stable than either Be₂⁺ or Be₂^-.

Question 50

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of SO₃^2-?

A)linear
B)bent
C)trigonal pyramidal
D)tetrahedral

Question 51

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of SCl₄?

A)trigonal bipyramidal
B)seesaw
C)T-shaped
D)linear

Question 52

Based on molecular orbital theory,in order to weaken the N-N bond in N₂,electrons should be

A)added.
B)removed.
C)either added or removed.
D)neither added nor removed.

Question 53

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of NO₃^-?

A)linear
B)bent
C)trigonal planar
D)trigonal pyramidal

Question 54

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of H₃O⁺?

A)linear
B)bent
C)trigonal pyramidal
D)tetrahedral

Question 55

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of NO₂^-?

A)linear
B)bent
C)trigonal planar
D)trigonal pyramidal

Question 56

Which statement concerning any homonuclear diatomic molecule and its 1- ion must be true?

A)X₂ must be more stable than X₂^-.
B)X₂ must be less stable than X₂^-.
C)X₂^- must be paramagnetic and X₂ must be diamagnetic.
D)X₂^- must be paramagnetic and X₂ may be paramagnetic or diamagnetic.

Question 57

Which is paramagnetic?

A)N₂²⁺
B)N₂^2-
C)O₂²⁺
D)O₂^2-

Question 58

The paramagnetism of O₂ is explained by

A)coordinate covalent bonding.
B)molecular orbital theory.
C)resonance.
D)valence bond theory.

Question 59

Molecular orbitals extending over more than two atoms provide an explanation for

A)coordinate covalent bonding.
B)ionic bonding.
C)paramagnetism.
D)resonance.

Question 60

The SO₃ molecule can be described as having 3 S-O σ bonds and π molecular orbitals containing

A)2 electrons.
B)4 electrons.
C)6 electrons.
D)8 electrons.

Question 61

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of XeF₄?

A)trigonal bipyramidal
B)octahedral
C)square pyramidal
D)square planar

Question 62

What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of I₃^-?

A)less than 120°
B)120°
C)less than 180° but greater than 120°
D)180°

Question 63

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of BrF₅?

A)trigonal bipyramidal
B)octahedral
C)square pyramidal
D)square planar

Question 64

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of TeF₅^-?

A)some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B)90° and 120°
C)some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 120°
D)90° and 180°

Question 65

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of NH₄⁺?

A)less than 109.5°
B)109.5°
C)less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D)120°

Question 66

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of BrF₅?

A)some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B)90° and 120°
C)some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 120°
D)90° and 180°

Question 67

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of PF₆^-?

A)some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B)90° and 120°
C)some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 120°
D)90° and 180°

Question 68

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of H₃O⁺?

A)less than 109.5°
B)109.5°
C)less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D)120°

Question 69

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of BrF₃?

A)two less than 90° and one less than 180° but greater than 90°
B)90° and 180°
C)two less than 90° and one less than 120° but greater than 90°
D)90° and 120°

Question 70

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of ICl₄^-?

A)trigonal bipyramidal
B)octahedral
C)square pyramidal
D)square planar

Question 71

What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of NO₂^-?

A)less than 109.5°
B)109.5°
C)less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D)120°

Question 72

What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of SO₂?

A)less than 109.5°
B)109.5°
C)less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D)120°

Question 73

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of SCl₄?

A)some less than 90° and one less than 180°
B)90° and 180°
C)some less than 90° one less than 120° but greater than 90°,and one less than 180° but greater than 120°
D)90°,120°,and 180°

Question 74

What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of XeF₂?

A)less than 120°
B)120°
C)less than 180° but greater than 120°
D)180°

Question 75

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of NO₃^-?

A)less than 109.5°
B)109.5°
C)less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D)120°

Question 76

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of XeF₄?

A)some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B)90°
C)some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 90°
D)90° and 180°

Question 77

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of TeF₅^-?

A)trigonal bipyramidal
B)octahedral
C)square pyramidal
D)square planar

Question 78

What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of NH₂^-?

A)less than 109.5°
B)109.5°
C)less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D)120°

Question 79

What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of I₃^-?

A)trigonal bipyramidal
B)seesaw
C)T-shaped
D)linear

Question 80

What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of SO₃^2-?

A)less than 109.5°
B)109.5°
C)less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D)120°