Deck 6: Liquids and Solids

Question 1

What are all the intermolecular forces that are responsible for the existence of ice?

A)Dipole-dipole and London forces
B)London forces
C)Dipole-dipole, London forces, and hydrogen bonding
D)Dipole-dipole and ion-ion
E)Hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole

Answer 1

Dipole-dipole, London forces, and hydrogen bonding

Question 2

The compound KCN·2H₂O is likely to be commonly available and thus found in the laboratory.True or false?

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which has the higher boiling point,1,1-dichloroethene or cis-dichloroethene?

Answer 3

1,1-dichloroethene

Question 4

Which has the higher boiling point,HCl or HI?

Question 5

Which of the following can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds?

A)NH₂CH₂COOH
B)SiH₄
C)CH₃COCH₃
D)H₂CO
E)CH₃Cl

Question 6

Which of the following can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂C(O)H
C)CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂NH₂
E)CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃

Question 7

Which of the following cations is likely to be hydrated in compounds?

A)Rb⁺
B)NH₄⁺
C)Ba²⁺
D)K⁺
E)Cs⁺

Question 8

Which of the following has the lowest boiling point?

A)HF
B)GeH₄
C)SiH₄
D)PH₃
E)H₂Se

Question 9

Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

A)N₂
B)H₂S
C)NH₃
D)H₂O
E)SO₂

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Butane, C₄H₁₀, has a higher boiling point than acetone, CH₃COCH₃.
B)Pentane, C₅H₁₂, has a lower boiling point than 2,2-dimethylpropane, C₅H₁₂.
C)CHF₃ has a higher boiling point than CF₄.
D)CH₄ has a higher boiling point than CCl₄.
E)HI has a lower boiling point than HBr.

Question 11

Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force between molecules?

A)Dipole-dipole (stationary)
B)Hydrogen bonding
C)Dipole-dipole (rotating)
D)London
E)Ion-dipole

Question 12

If the interaction between two species is proportional to 1/r⁶,which of the following is likely involved?

A)Chloromethane molecules in the gas phase
B)Chloromethane molecules in the solid phase
C)Li⁺ and H₂O
D)Na⁺ and H₂O
E)Ions in an ionic solid

Question 13

Which of the following cations is likely to be hydrated in compounds?

A)Cs⁺
B)NH₄⁺
C)La³⁺
D)Rb⁺
E)K⁺

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A)1,1-Dichloro-2-methyl-1-propene has a higher boiling point than trans-2,3-dichloro-2-butene.
B)CH₄ has a higher boiling point than CCl₄.
C)o-Dichlorobenzene has a lower boiling point than p-dichlorobenzene.
D)HI has a lower boiling point than HBr.
E)Butane, C₄H₁₀, has a higher boiling point than acetone, CH₃COCH₃.

Question 15

Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂I
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂F
E)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Cl

Question 16

If the interaction between two species is proportional to 1/r²,which of the following is likely involved?

A)Chloromethane molecules in the liquid phase
B)Na⁺ and H₂O
C)Bromine molecules in the liquid phase
D)Chloromethane molecules in the gas phase
E)Ions in an ionic solid

Question 17

If the interaction between two species is proportional to 1/r³,which of the following is likely involved?

A)Chloromethane molecules in the liquid phase
B)Ions in an ionic solid
C)Bromine molecules in the liquid phase
D)Chloromethane molecules in the solid phase
E)Na⁺ and H₂O

Question 18

All the following hydrated compounds are commonly available except

A)BaCl₂·2H₂O.
B)NH₄NO₃·2H₂O.
C)NaClO₄·H₂O.
D)Cr(ClO₄)₃·6H₂O.
E)La₂(SO₄)₃·9H₂O.

Question 19

Which of the following cations is likely to be hydrated in compounds?

A)Rb⁺
B)Li⁺
C)K⁺
D)Cs⁺
E)NH₄⁺

Question 20

Which of the following can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds?

A)PH₃
B)HI
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)HCOOH
E)CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃

Question 21

How many tetrahedral and octahedral holes per atom are there in a cubic close-packed structure,respectively?

A)2 and 1
B)0 and 1
C)2 and 2
D)2 and 0
E)0 and 2

Question 22

The coordination numbers in cubic close-packed,body-centered cubic,and primitive cubic structures are,respectively,

A)12, 8, and 12.
B)12, 8, and 4.
C)8, 12, and 6.
D)12, 6, and 6.
E)12, 8, and 6.

Question 23

A metal with a cubic close-packed structure is malleable because

A)Each atom has 2 tetrahedral holes.
B)Each atom has a coordination number of 12.
C)The unit cell has 8 sets of slip planes.
D)The unit cell has a large percentage of empty space.
E)Each atom has 1 octahedral hole.

Question 24

Which of the following molecular solids has the highest melting point?

A)Sucrose, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
B)Carbon dioxide, CO₂
C)H₂O
D)TiCl₄
E)Benzene, C₆H₆

Question 25

Determine the percentage of the total volume that is empty space in a primitive cubic structure in which all the atoms are identical.

Question 26

A cubic close-packed structure has

A)A coordination number of 4.
B)A coordination number of 6.
C)The same density as a hexagonal close-packed structure.
D)Twice the density of a hexagonal close-packed structure.
E)A coordination number of 8.

Question 27

Water was found to rise to a height of 7.4 mm in a tube of internal radius 2.0 mm at room temperature.Given its density as 1.0 gcm^3,what is the surface tension of water?

A)0.15 Nm^1
B)0.036 Nm^1
C)7.3  10^-8 Nm^1
D)0.073 Nm^1
E)1.5  10^-7 Nm^1

Question 28

How many atoms are there in a face-centered cubic unit cell?

Question 29

Predict which of the following has the lowest boiling point.

A)SbH₃
B)AsH₃
C)NH₃
D)BiH₃
E)PH₃

Question 30

Butane and 2-propanone have approximately the same boiling points.True or false?

Question 31

Predict which of the following liquids has the lowest enthalpy of vaporization.

A)H₂Se
B)H₂O
C)H₂Po
D)H₂S
E)H₂Te

Question 32

Viscosity usually decreases with increasing temperature.True or false?

Question 33

Pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane have the formula C₅H₁₂ and therefore have the same boiling point.True or false?

Question 34

Glycerol,C₃H₈O₃,has a higher viscosity than propanol,C₃H₈O.True or false?

Question 35

How many atoms are there in a primitive cubic unit cell?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)8
E)4

Question 36

Tetrabromomethane has a higher boiling point than tetrachloromethane.True or false?

Question 37

All the following are units of surface tension except

A)mJm^2.
B)Nm.
C)Jm^2.
D)mNm^1.
E)kgs^2.

Question 38

What are all the intermolecular forces that are responsible for the existence of the molecular solid oxalic acid,H₂C₂O₄?

A)Dipole-dipole, London forces, and hydrogen bonding
B)Dipole-dipole and London forces
C)Hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole
D)London forces
E)Dipole-dipole and ion-ion

Question 39

The mass of a face-centered cubic unit cell is

A)Two times the mass of one atom.
B)Five times the mass of one atom.
C)Equal to the mass of one atom.
D)Six times the mass of one atom.
E)Four times the mass of one atom.

Question 40

The ability of water to "wet" paper is due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules and surface molecules in the paper.True or false?

Question 41

Which answer best accounts for the Cl^ ions present in the NaCl unit cell?

A)1 center atom + 1/2  6 face atoms
B)1/8  8 corner atoms + 1/2  6 face atoms
C)1 center atom + 1/8  8 corner atoms
D)1 center atom + 1/4  12 edge atoms
E)1 center atom + 1/8  24 corner atoms

Question 42

The atomic radius of aluminum is 143 pm.Estimate its density,given that the metal has a close-packed structure.

A)3.87 gcm^3
B)5.54 gcm^3
C)7.92 gcm^3
D)16.3 gcm^3
E)2.71 gcm^3

Question 43

How many calcium,titanium,and oxygen ions are there in the perovskite unit cell shown below?

A)1 Ca²⁺, 2 Ti⁴⁺, and 3 O^2
B)1 Ca²⁺, 1 Ti⁴⁺, and 6 O^2
C)1 Ca²⁺, 4 Ti⁴⁺, and 6 O^2
D)1 Ca²⁺, 1 Ti⁴⁺, and 3 O^2
E)1 Ca²⁺, 2 Ti⁴⁺, and 6 O^2

Question 44

What are the coordination numbers of Ca²⁺ and F^ ions,respectively,in fluorite? The unit cell is shown below

A)6 and 8
B)4 and 8
C)8 and 8
D)6 and 4
E)8 and 4

Question 45

The atomic radius of zinc is 137 pm.Estimate its density,given that the metal has a close-packed structure.

A)7.47 gcm^3
B)10.2 gcm^3
C)14.0 gcm^3
D)4.49 gcm^3
E)19.2 gcm^3

Question 46

The density of solid krypton is 2.16 gcm^3.Krypton crystallizes in a cubic close-packed structure; estimate the atomic radius.

A)66.5 pm
B)225 pm
C)113 pm
D)318 pm
E)450 pm

Question 47

Estimate the density of cesium iodide from its crystal structure.The ionic radii of Cs⁺ and Cl^ are 170 and 220 pm,respectively.

A)7.25 gcm^3
B)18.9 gcm^3
C)9.44 gcm^3
D)4.72 gcm^3
E)3.77 gcm^3

Question 48

How many calcium and fluorine ions are there in the fluorite unit cell shown below?

A)4 Ca²⁺ and 2 F^
B)4 Ca²⁺ and 8 F^
C)2 Ca²⁺ and 4 F^
D)2 Ca²⁺ and 8 F^
E)4 Ca²⁺ and 4 F^

Question 49

What is the formula of the superconductor whose unit cell is shown below? (The Y and Ba atoms are in the middle of the cell.)

A)YBa₂Cu₃O₉
B)YBa₂Cu₄O₅
C)YBa₂Cu₂O₇
D)YBa₂Cu₄O₇
E)YBa₂Cu₃O₇

Question 50

Estimate the density of magnesium oxide from its crystal structure.The radii of Mg²⁺ and O^2 are 72 and 140 pm,respectively.

A)3.51 gcm^3
B)14.9 gcm^3
C)21.1 gcm^3
D)1.76 gcm^3
E)0.878 gcm^3

Question 51

The atomic radius of magnesium is 160 pm.Estimate its density,given that the metal has a close-packed structure.

A)1.74 gcm^3
B)0.435 gcm^3
C)10.5 gcm^3
D)4.45 gcm^3
E)2.78 gcm^3

Question 52

If the radius of an atom is r,what is the length of the side of the body-centered cubic unit cell?

A)4r/3^½
B)2.25r
C)r
D)2r
E)8^½r

Question 53

If the radius of an atom is r,what is the length of the side of the face-centered cubic unit cell?

A)8^½r
B)2.25r
C)2r
D)4r/3^½
E)r

Question 54

Molecular solids are held together by weak intermolecular forces.True or false?

Question 55

How many titanium and oxygen ions are there in the rutile unit cell shown below?

A)3 Ti⁴⁺ and 4 O^2
B)3 Ti⁴⁺ and 6 O^2
C)2 Ti⁴⁺ and 4 O^2
D)2 Ti⁴⁺ and 3 O^2
E)2 Ti⁴⁺ and 6 O^2

Question 56

The density of sodium metal is 0.97 gcm^3.Sodium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic structure; estimate the atomic radius.

A)95 pm
B)320 pm
C)370 pm
D)65 pm
E)190 pm

Question 57

All the elements listed below can exist as network solids except

A)O.
B)Si.
C)B.
D)As.
E)C.

Question 58

What are the coordination numbers of Ti⁴⁺ and O^2,respectively,in rutile? The unit cell is shown below.

A)4 and 3
B)6 and 4
C)3 and 6
D)6 and 6
E)6 and 3

Question 59

Which answer best accounts for the Na⁺ ions present in the NaCl unit cell?

A)1 center atom + 1/8  24 corner atoms
B)1 center atom + 1/2  6 face atoms
C)1 center atom + 1/8  8 corner atoms
D)1 center atom + 1/4  12 edge atoms
E)1/8  8 corner atoms + 1/2  6 face atoms

Question 60

What are the coordination numbers of calcium and titanium,respectively,in perovskite? The unit cell is shown below.

A)6 and 6
B)12 and 6
C)12 and 8
D)12 and 12
E)6 and 8

Question 61

An amorphous solid is one in which the atoms,ions,or molecules lie in a random jumble with no order.True or false?

Question 62

The solid ZnS has a radius ratio of 0.45 and adopts the zinc-blende structure.What is the coordination number of Zn in ZnS?

A)12
B)4
C)8
D)2
E)6

Question 63

What is the coordination number of rubidium in RbF? The ionic radii of Rb⁺ and F^ are 149 and 133 pm,respectively.

A)2
B)4
C)8
D)6
E)12

Question 64

Calculate the size of the octahedral holes in the NaCl structure.The ionic radii of Na⁺ and Cl^ are 102 and 181 pm,respectively.

A)142 pm
B)181 pm
C)102 pm
D)91 pm
E)75 pm

Question 65

What is the coordination number of cesium in CsCl? The ionic radii of Cs⁺ and Cl^ are 170 and 181 pm,respectively.

A)12
B)8
C)2
D)4
E)6

Question 66

A certain liquid has a meniscus that curves downward in glass.This means that the cohesive forces in the liquid are less than the forces between the liquid and the glass.True or false?

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A metallic conductor is a substance with a resistance that increases with increasing temperature.
B)A superconductor is a substance that has zero resistance below a certain temperature.
C)An insulator is a substance that does not conduct electricity below a certain temperature.
D)A semiconductor is a substance with a resistance that increases with increasing temperature.
E)An insulator behaves like a metallic conductor with a very high resistance.

Question 68

Which of the following are heterogeneous alloys?

A)Mercury amalgam and tin-lead solder
B)Brass
C)Bronze
D)Tin-lead solder and bronze
E)Coinage cupronickel

Question 69

How many tetrahedral holes are there in a face-centered cubic unit cell?

A)8
B)12
C)1
D)4
E)6

Question 70

The boiling points of the Group 15 binary hydrides increase smoothly from NH₃ to SbH₃.True or false?

Question 71

What is the coordination number of silver in AgCl? The ionic radii of Ag⁺ and Cl^ are 113 and 181 pm,respectively.

A)4
B)2
C)6
D)8
E)12

Question 72

The boiling points of the Group 14 binary hydrides increase smoothly from CH₄ to SnH₄.True or false?

Question 73

Which of the following liquids has the lowest viscosity?

A)Acetone
B)Ethanol
C)Phosphoric acid
D)Benzene

Question 74

Metals with a hexagonal close-packed structure have/do not have slip planes and as a result are malleable/brittle.

Question 75

How many octahedral holes are there in a face-centered cubic unit cell?

A)6
B)13
C)12
D)4
E)8

Question 76

If the ratio of the radius of the cation to the anion in a 1:1 compound is 0.800,

A)The compound adopts the rock-salt structure.
B)The coordination number of the cation and anion are 6 and 6.
C)The compound adopts the same structure as calcium fluorite.
D)Each cation occupies one-half of the tetrahedral holes of each anion cube.
E)Each cation occupies all the cubic holes in the center of each anion cube.

Question 77

Both ZnS and CaF₂ have a face-centered cubic unit cell where the S^2 and Ca²⁺ ions are closest packed in each structure.Which of the following is true?

A)There are 4 tetrahedral holes empty in each structure.
B)In both compounds, one-half of the tetrhedral holes are filled.
C)In both compounds, all the tetrhedral holes are filled.
D)In ZnS, one-half of the tetrahedral holes are filled by Zn²⁺ ions, whereas in CaF₂ all the tetrahedral holes are filled with F^ ions.
E)There are 8 Zn²⁺ ions and 4 F^ ions in the unit cell.

Question 78

In the zinc-blende structure (ZnS),the cations occupy half the tetrahedral holes.True or false?

Question 79

What is the coordination number of magnesium in MgO? The ionic radii of Mg²⁺ and O^2 are 72 and 140 pm,respectively.

A)4
B)2
C)8
D)6
E)12

Question 80

Superconductivity is the loss of all electrical resistance when a substance is cooled below a certain characteristic transition temperature.True or false?