Deck 28: Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Question 1

Sideroblastic anemia can occasionally result from an autosomal recessive transmission inherited from which relative?

A) Mother
B) Father
C) Grandfather
D) Grandmother

Answer 1

Mother

Question 2

What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?

A) Decreased dietary intake
B) Chronic blood loss
C) Vitamin deficiency
D) Autoimmune disease

Answer 2

Chronic blood loss

Question 3

Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia?

A) Iron deficiency
B) Pernicious
C) Sideroblastic
D) Hemolytic

Answer 3

Pernicious

Question 4

What causes the atrophy of gastric mucosal cells that result in pernicious anemia?

A) Erythrocyte destruction
B) Folic acid malabsorption
C) Vitamin B12 malabsorption
D) Poor nutritional intake

Question 5

How is the effectiveness of vitamin B₁₂ therapy measured?

A) Reticulocyte count
B) Serum transferring
C) Hemoglobin
D) Serum vitamin B12

Question 6

Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?

A) Increasing rate and depth of breathing
B) Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction
C) Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen
D) Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin

Question 7

Which statement best describes a Schilling test?

A) Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency
B) Measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolytic anemia
C) Measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for iron deficiency anemia
D) Administration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample to test for folic acid deficiency anemia.

Question 8

Which statement about folic acid is false?

A) Folic acid absorption is dependent on the enzyme folacin.
B) Folic acid is stored in the liver.
C) Folic acid is essential for RNA and DNA synthesis within erythrocytes.
D) Folic acid is absorbed in the upper small intestine.

Question 9

After a person has a subtotal gastrectomy for chronic gastritis,which type of anemia will result?

A) Iron deficiency
B) Aplastic
C) Folic acid
D) Pernicious

Question 10

Which condition resulting from untreated pernicious anemia (PA)is fatal?

A) Brain hypoxia
B) Liver hypoxia
C) Heart failure
D) Renal failure

Question 11

Deficiencies in folate and vitamin B₁₂ alter the synthesis of which of the following?

A) RNA
B) Cell membrane
C) DNA
D) Mitochondria

Question 12

Which anemia produces small,pale erythrocytes?

A) Folic acid
B) Hemolytic
C) Iron deficiency
D) Pernicious

Question 13

Clinical manifestations of mild-to-moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly,bronze-colored skin,and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia?

A) Iron deficiency
B) Pernicious
C) Sideroblastic
D) Aplastic

Question 14

What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?

A) Hypotension
B) Hyperesthesia
C) Hypoxia
D) Ischemia

Question 15

What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)?

A) Cyanocobalamin by oral intake
B) Vitamin B12 by injection
C) Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection
D) Folate by oral intake

Question 16

The underlying disorder of which anemia is a result of the defective secretion of the intrinsic factor,which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂?

A) Microcytic
B) Pernicious
C) Hypochromic
D) Hemolytic

Question 17

The paresthesia that occurs in vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia is a result of which of the following?

A) Reduction in acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic nerves
B) Myelin degeneration in the spinal cord
C) Destruction of myelin in peripheral nerves
D) Altered function of neurons in the parietal lobe

Question 18

Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA)generally lasts how long?

A) 6 to 8 weeks
B) 8 to 12 months
C) Until the iron level is normal
D) The rest of one's life

Question 19

Which type of anemia is characterized by fatigue,weakness,and dyspnea,as well as conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle,concave nails?

A) Pernicious
B) Iron deficiency
C) Aplastic
D) Hemolytic

Question 20

What term is used to describe the capacity of some erythrocytes to vary in size,especially in relationship to some anemias?

A) Poikilocytosis
B) Isocytosis
C) Anisocytosis
D) Microcytosis

Question 21

An allogenic bone marrow transplantation remains the preferred method for treating which anemia?

A) Polycythemia vera
B) Aplastic
C) Sideroblastic
D) Anemia of chronic disease (ACD)

Question 22

Which diseases are commonly associated with anemia of chronic disease? (Select all that apply.)

A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
C) Polycythemia vera
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus
E) Chronic hepatitis

Question 23

Considering iron replacement therapy prescribed for iron deficiency anemia,who is likely to require long-term daily maintenance dosage?

A) A woman who has not yet experienced menopause
B) A teenager who is involved in strenuous athletics
C) A middle-aged man who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day
D) An older person demonstrating signs of dementia

Question 24

When considering hemolytic anemia,which statement is true regarding the occurrence of jaundice?

A) Erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen.
B) Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.
C) The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT).
D) The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin.

Question 25

Which conditions are generally included in the symptoms of pernicious anemia (PA)? (Select all that apply.)

A) Weakness
B) Weight gain
C) Low hemoglobin
D) Paresthesias
E) Low hematocrit

Question 26

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.Options may be used more than once.
Aplastic anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 27

Considering sideroblastic anemia,what would be the expected effect on the plasma iron levels?

A) Plasma iron levels would be high.
B) Levels would be low.
C) Levels would be normal.
D) Levels would be only minimally affected.

Question 28

What are the clinical manifestations of folate deficiency anemia? (Select all that apply.)

A) Constipation
B) Flatulence
C) Dysphagia
D) Stomatitis
E) Cheilosis

Question 29

What is the most common pathophysiologic process that triggers aplastic anemia (AA)?

A) Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T (Tc) cells
B) Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells
C) Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated immunoglobulins
D) Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission

Question 30

What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera?

A) Decreased erythrocyte count
B) Destruction of erythrocytes
C) Increased blood viscosity
D) Neurologic involvement

Question 31

Treatment for polycythemia vera involves which of the following?

A) Therapeutic phlebotomy and radioactive phosphorus
B) Restoration of blood volume by plasma expanders
C) Administration of cyanocobalamin
D) Blood transfusions

Question 32

Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days,ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin,and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia?

A) Aplastic
B) Sideroblastic
C) Anemia of chronic disease
D) Iron deficiency

Question 33

In aplastic anemia (AA),pancytopenia develops as a result of which of the following?

A) Suppression of erythropoietin to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes
B) Suppression of the bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
C) Lack of DNA to form sufficient quantities of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
D) Lack of stem cells to form sufficient quantities of leukocytes

Question 34

Which statement is true regarding the physical manifestations of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia?

A) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia seldom results in neurologic symptoms.
B) The chances of a cure are good with appropriate treatment.
C) The condition is reversible in 75% of the cases.
D) Symptoms are a result of demyelination.

Question 35

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.Options may be used more than once.
Pernicious anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 36

Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A) Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia occurs primarily in men.
B) It is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis.
C) Erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen.
D) Immunoglobulin M coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors on monocytes.

Question 37

A 2000 ml blood loss will produce which assessment finding? (Select all that apply.)

A) Air hunger
B) Normal blood pressure in the supine position
C) Rapid thready pulse
D) Cold clammy skin
E) lactic acidosis

Question 38

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.Options may be used more than once.
Sideroblastic anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 39

Which medications are associated with an intermediate increase in a person's risk for developing aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.)

A) Penicillin
B) Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
C) Phenytoin (Dilantin)
D) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
E) Thiazides