Deck 42: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Question 1

Which disorder is characterized by damage to the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum and impaired secretion of secretin,cholecystokinin,and pancreatic enzymes?

A) Wilson disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
D) Galactosemia

Answer 1

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy

Question 2

Which term is used to describe an intestinal obstruction caused by the invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon by collapsing through the ileocecal valve?

A) Congenital aganglionic megacolon
B) Malrotation
C) Intussusception
D) Volvulus

Answer 2

Intussusception

Question 3

In an infant who is 5 weeks old,an increase in bilirubin production and persistent jaundice support which diagnosis?

A) Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
B) Physiologic jaundice
C) Hepatitis A
D) Infantile cirrhosis

Answer 3

Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia

Question 4

What causes a person with cystic fibrosis to experience an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A) Pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus.
B) Impaired blood supply to the pancreas causes ischemia.
C) A genetically impaired pancreas is unable to produce digestive enzymes.
D) The pancreas has a volvulus at the ampulla of Vater.

Question 5

Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults?

A) Less water is absorbed from the colon in children.
B) Fluid reserves are smaller in children.
C) Children have a higher fluid volume intake.
D) Children have diarrhea more often than adults.

Question 6

With which medical diagnosis is meconium ileus often associated?

A) Muscular dystrophy
B) Cerebral palsy
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Question 7

Which term is used to identify an intestinal obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine?

A) Meconium cecum
B) Meconium ileus
C) Meconium obstruction
D) Meconium vivax

Question 8

An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain,becomes irritable (colicky),and draws up the knees.Vomiting occurs soon afterward.The mother reports that the infant passed a normal stool,followed by one that looked like currant jelly.Based on these data,which disorder does the nurse suspect?

A) Congenital aganglionic megacolon
B) Intussusception
C) Malrotation
D) Volvulus

Question 9

What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue)causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily?

A) Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
B) Bone marrow function depression
C) Iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
D) Prescribed daily warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 10

Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause which condition in the infant?

A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Meconium ileus
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Galactosemia

Question 11

At 2 or 3 weeks of age,an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason.The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful.These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?

A) Esophageal atresia
B) Congenital aganglionic megacolon
C) Pyloric stenosis
D) Galactosemia

Question 12

Physiologic jaundice in a newborn is caused by:

A) Reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine
B) Impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin
C) Increased bilirubin production
D) Mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia

Question 13

Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of which nervous system?

A) Central
B) Parasympathetic
C) Sympathetic
D) Somatic

Question 14

What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?

A) All nutrients, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are reduced in kwashiorkor.
B) Physical growth of children is stunted in kwashiorkor but not in marasmus.
C) Muscle wasting, diarrhea, low hemoglobin, and infection characterize kwashiorkor.
D) Subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver are present in kwashiorkor.

Question 15

What is the cause of faulty digestion of fats in those diagnosed with cystic fibrosis?

A) Bile ducts obstructed with mucus, prohibiting the release of bile
B) Failure to metabolize fat-soluble vitamins
C) Deficiency of pancreatic enzymes
D) Fat malabsorption that now occurs in the jejunum

Question 16

Which term is used to identify a condition in which the developing colon remains in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location?

A) Intestinal malrotation
B) Ileocecal displacement
C) Duodenal obstruction
D) Pyloric stenosis

Question 17

Incomplete fusion of the nasomedial and intermaxillary process during the fourth week of embryonic development causes which condition in an infant?

A) Cleft palate
B) Sinus dysfunction
C) Cleft lip
D) Esophageal malformation

Question 18

Which type of diarrhea results from lactose intolerance?

A) Secretory
B) Motility
C) Osmotic
D) Small volume

Question 19

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom?

A) Excessive mucus production
B) Elevated blood glucose levels
C) Low sodium content in perspiration
D) Abnormally thin exocrine secretions

Question 20

Which medication compensates for the deficiency that occurs as a result of cystic fibrosis?

A) Salt tablets
B) Pancreatic enzymes
C) Antihypertensives
D) Antibiotics

Question 21

Cirrhosis causes intrahepatic portal hypertension in children as a result of which mechanism?

A) Fibrosis that increases the resistance to blood flow within the portal system
B) Increased pressure from the twisting of the common bile ducts
C) Development of collateral circulation within the portal system
D) Shunting of fluid to the spleen or abdomen

Question 22

Cystic fibrosis is directly responsible for complications to which structures? (Select all that apply.)

A) Muscles
B) Kidneys
C) Lymph nodes
D) Cervix
E) Liver

Question 23

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Celiac sprue

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 24

In children,the risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV)are primarily associated with:

A) Living in urban communities
B) Mothers who are hepatitis C carriers
C) Transfusion therapy for hemophilia
D) Those of Hispanic ethnic background

Question 25

Which statements regarding Wilson disease in children are true? (Select all that apply.)

A) Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive defect.
B) Wilson disease affects copper metabolism.
C) A lack of necessary copper is a result of Wilson disease.
D) The liver is often affected in Wilson disease.
E) Corneal damage can be a result of Wilson disease.

Question 26

Which foods should be eliminated from the diet for children who have gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue)? (Select all that apply.)

A) Citrus fruits
B) Starchy vegetables
C) Cereal grains
D) Red meat
E) Dairy

Question 27

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Meconium ileus

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 28

What is the most common clinical sign of portal hypertension in children?

A) Right heart failure
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Splenomegaly
D) Diarrhea

Question 29

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Malrotation

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 30

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Hirschsprung disease

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 31

What are the classic symptoms associated with hepatitis A in children? (Select all that apply.)

A) Nausea
B) Vomiting
C) Diarrhea
D) Jaundice
E) Muscle pain

Question 32

Which situations have been associated with possible causes of the failure to thrive (FTT)in infants? (Select all that apply.)

A) Gastroesophageal reflux
B) Pyloric stenosis
C) Intestinal parasites
D) Adoption at birth
E) Psychosocial isolation

Question 33

What factors can contribute to the development of a cleft lip and a cleft palate? (Select all that apply.)

A) Maternal deficiency of B vitamins
B) Exposure to heavy metals during the second trimester of pregnancy
C) Maternal use of tobacco
D) Maternal diabetes mellitus
E) Genetic mutation of the transforming growth factor

Question 34

Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Marasmus and kwashiorkor

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life