Deck 12: Atoms and the Periodic Table

Question 1

When we breathe we inhale oxygen, O₂, and exhale carbon dioxide, CO₂, plus water vapor, H₂O. Which likely has more mass, the air that we inhale or the same volume of air we exhale? Does breathing cause you to lose or gain weight?

A)The air we inhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.
B)The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.
C)The air we inhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to gain weight.
D)The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to gain weight.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes an element?

A)a material consisting of only one type of atom
B)a material that is pure
C)a material that has consistent physical properties
D)a material with more than one type of atom
E)a material that has consistent chemical properties

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In what sense can you truthfully say that you are a part of every person around you?

A)We all live on the same planet and share the same resources.
B)We are continually exchanging our atoms.
C)We all share the same genetic code.
D)There are more people alive now than have ever lived.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which are older, the atoms in the body of an elderly person or those in the body of a baby?

A)A baby because this is surely a trick question.
B)An elderly person because they have been around much longer.
C)They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system.
D)It depends upon their diet.

Question 5

If all the molecules of a body remained part of that body, would the body have any odor?

A)Yes, but only if that body is sweating.
B)No, because there would be no molecules traveling to our nose.
C)Yes, because it would still release photons.
D)No, because it would no longer be what it was.

Question 6

What is the approximate mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units (amu)? How about a carbon dioxide molecule?

A)A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 28 amu.
B)A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 32 amu.
C)A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 44 amu.
D)A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 22 amu.

Question 7

Does it make sense to say that a textbook is about 99.9 percent empty space?

A)No. A textbook is a solid and thus is quite dense. Therefore it is not 99.9 percent empty space.
B)No. Only gases are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space. Liquids and solids are not.
C)Yes. A textbook like all material things is made up of atoms, which are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space.
D)No. A textbook could only be considered to be 99.9 percent empty space if it were combusted.

Question 8

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't objects pass through one another?

A)The electrons on the atoms repel other electrons on other atoms when they get close.
B)The nucleus of one atom repels the nucleus of another atom when it gets close.
C)The nucleus of one atom attracts the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.
D)The electrons of one attract the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.

Question 9

The element bromine, Br (atomic number 35), has two major isotopes of similar abundance, both around 50 percent. The atomic mass of bromine is reported in the periodic table as 79.904 atomic mass units. Choose the most likely set of mass numbers for these two bromine isotopes.

A)Br-80, Br-81
B)Br-79, Br-80
C)Br-79, Br-81
D)Br-78, Br-80

Question 10

Where did the atoms that make up a newborn baby originate?

A)In the womb of the baby's mother.
B)In the digestion of the food that the mother .
C)In the Earth through geological processes.
D)In the explosions of ancient .

Question 11

Which of the following images could describe an element at the atomic level?

A)
B)
C)
D)none of the images
E)all of the images

Question 12

A beam of protons and a beam of neutrons of the same energy are both harmful to living tissue. The beam of neutrons, however, is less harmful. Why?

A)Neutrons are much smaller and lighter than protons and would do less damage.
B)Neutrons travel at reduced speed compared to the speed at which protons travel.
C)Neutrons carry no electric charge and thus have a greater likelihood of passing through the tissue.
D)All of the above are reasons why neutrons are less harmful.

Question 13

Which has more atoms: a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 or a 1-gram sample of carbon-13?

A)More information is needed.
B)a 1-gram sample of carbon-12
C)a 1-gram sample of carbon-13
D)They have the same number of atoms.

Question 14

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation.

A)The neutron is nearly massless.
B)The neutron is only slightly more massive than the proton.
C)The discovery required the use of ultrafast computers.
D)The neutron lacks an electrical charge.

Question 15

The isotope lithium-7 has a mass of 7.0160 atomic mass units, and the isotope lithium-6 has a mass of 6.0151 atomic mass units. Given the information that 92.58 percent of all lithium atoms found in nature are lithium-7 and 7.42 percent are lithium-6, calculate the atomic mass of lithium, Li (atomic number 3).

A)7.0160 amu
B)6.942 amu
C)6.495 amu
D)13.031 amu

Question 16

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?

A)Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements.
B)That would be too much of a coincidence.
C)The atomic masses are average atomic masses.
D)Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.

Question 17

How do we account for the great variety of substances in the world?

A)The Earth is 4.5 billion years old.
B)Most of these substances are organic compounds.
C)Atoms are incredibly small.
D)There are many possible combinations of atoms.

Question 18

Considering how small atoms are, what are the chances that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your first breath will be in your last breath?

A)not very likely because atoms are constantly dematerializing
B)not possible at all because atom don't last that long
C)very probable because of how incredibly small atoms are
D)There's not really a way that scientists are able to make such an estimate.

Question 19

A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with its nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat. Explain what is going on from a molecular point of view.

A)The dog is following the areas of increased density of the Earth.
B)The dog is smelling atoms from the cat
C)The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.
D)The cat is leading the dog into a trap.

Question 20

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?

A)Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size.
B)Electrons contribute more to an atom's mass while protons contribute more to its size.
C)Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.
D)Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.

Question 21

If a neutral element has 8 neutrons and 7 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

A) N
B) O
C) O
D) O
E)cannot tell from information given

Question 22

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, a nucleus of which element remains?

A)nitrogen-12
B)carbon-12
C)neon-18
D)carbon-14

Question 23

Which of the following diagrams best represents the size of the atomic nucleus relative to the size of the atom? A B C D

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 24

If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element?

A)atomic mass, 137 amu; Barium
B)atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium
C)atomic mass, 99 amu; Radon
D)atomic mass 142 amu; Einsteinium

Question 25

You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would

A)become arsenic.
B)become radioactive.
C)expand and likely lodge in your throat.
D)have a change in flavor.

Question 26

An element has two different isotopes: one that weighs 65 amu and another that weighs 67 amu. If the average atomic mass of all the isotopes is 66.5 amu, what can be said about the relative abundance of the isotopes?

A)The isotope with the mass of 67 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 65.
B)The isotope with the mass of 65 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 67.
C)The isotope with the mass of 66.5 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 67.
D)The isotope with the mass of 66.5 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 65.
E)All the isotopes have the same relative abundance.

Question 27

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? fluorine-19

A)9
B)10
C)11
D)19
E)none of the above

Question 28

If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (Au), what new element is formed (if any)?

A)Ir
B)Au
C)Re
D)Au^-2
E)Tl

Question 29

If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? U

A)92
B)82
C)235
D)143
E)none of the above

Question 30

If an element has 18 protons and 20 neutrons and 18 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

A)argon-38
B)argon-18
C)argon-20
D)calcium-38
E)calcium-20

Question 31

Boron has primarily two isotopes, one with an atomic mass of 11 amu and another with an atomic mass of 10 amu. If the abundance of the boron atom with a mass of 11 amu is 18.9 percent and the abundance of the other isotope is 81.1 percent, what would be the average mass of the boron atom?

A)10.19 amu
B)11 amu
C)10 amu
D)10.81 amu
E)not enough information given

Question 32

The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons does this iron atom have?

A)52
B)26
C)24
D)none

Question 33

If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? O

A)6
B)18
C)12
D)24
E)none of the above

Question 34

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? carbon-13

A)6
B)12
C)13
D)7
E)none of the above

Question 35

If an element has 10 protons and 11 neutrons and 10 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

A)neon-21
B)neon-11
C)neon-31
D)sodium-11
E)sodium-20

Question 36

Using the following generic atom description, choose the correct method for determining the number of neutrons. X

A)subtract G from F
B)subtract F from G
C)add F and G
D)divide F by G
E)look it up on the periodic table

Question 37

If an element has 9 protons and 10 neutrons and 9 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

A) F
B) F
C) K
D) K
E) K

Question 38

If you remove two protons and two electrons from a sulfur atom (S), what new element is formed?

A)Si
B)Si⁺²
C)Al⁺²
D)Al
E)Ar^-2

Question 39

An element found in another galaxy exists as two isotopes. If 80.0 percent of the atoms have an atomic mass of 80.00 atomic mass units and the other 20.0 percent have an atomic mass of 82.00 atomic mass units, what is the atomic mass of the element?

A)81.0 atomic mass units
B)64.0 atomic mass units
C)80.4 atomic mass units
D)16.4 atomic mass units
E)81.6 atomic mass units

Question 40

If an element has 15 protons and 16 neutrons and 15 electrons, what is the atomic mass of the element?

A)31
B)15
C)16
D)30
E)none of the above

Question 41

What does the following element description actually mean? O

A)an oxygen atom with 6 protons and 12 neutrons
B)an oxygen atom with 6 neutrons and 12 protons
C)6 oxygen atoms with 18 neutrons
D)18 oxygen molecules with 6 neutrons each
E)none of the above

Question 42

Should the periodic table be memorized? Why or why not?

A)Yes. Like the alphabet, we need to memorize the periodic table in order to easily write the language of chemistry.
B)Yes. Without memorizing the periodic table, one would not have any real understanding of how and why chemical compounds are put together.
C)No. The periodic table changes every year. Memorizing it would be a waste of time.
D)No. The periodic table is a reference to be used, not memorized.

Question 43

Which of the following does not describe a neutron?

A)It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.
B)It is much more massive than an electron.
C)It is a nucleon.
D)It is often associated with protons.
E)It is more difficult to detect than a proton or an electron.

Question 44

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It does not have an electrical charge.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 45

What does the following element description actually mean? iron-57

A)iron with a mass number of 57
B)iron with an atomic number of 57
C)iron with 57 protons
D)iron with 57 neutrons
E)57 iron atoms

Question 46

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is a nucleon.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 47

Which element has the atomic number 12?

A)Mg
B)C
C)B
D)Na
E)Be

Question 48

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is located outside of the nucleus.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 49

The mass number of an element is ________.

A)the sum of the protons and the neutrons
B)the sum of the electrons and the protons
C)the sum of the electrons and the neutrons
D)the sum of the isotopes
E)the number of protons

Question 50

Which of the following statements does not describe a proton?

A)It orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
B)It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.
C)It is much more massive than an electron.
D)It is a nucleon.
E)It is attracted to negatively charged electrical plates.

Question 51

What does the following element description actually mean? hydrogen-2

A)a hydrogen with one neutron and one proton
B)a hydrogen with two neutrons
C)a hydrogen with two protons
D)a molecule of hydrogen gas
E)two hydrogen atoms

Question 52

Why isn't dirt listed in the periodic table?

A)The periodic table lists only elements made of one kind of material. Dirt is a mixture of elements and compounds.
B)Elements like dirt and air are so common that there is no need to list them in the periodic table.
C)Dirt IS listed in the periodic table but is not easily recognized because it is listed as one of the rare earths with its old scientific name, dysprosium, symbol Dy.
D)None of the above is true.

Question 53

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is electrically charged.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 54

Which element has the atomic number 9?

A)F
B)Ne
C)B
D)Na
E)Be

Question 55

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It has a relatively large mass.

A)an electron
B)a proton
C)a neutron
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 56

Strontium, Sr (number 38), is especially dangerous to humans because it tends to accumulate in calcium-dependent bone marrow tissues (calcium, Ca, number 20). This fact relates to the organization of the periodic table in that strontium and calcium are both

A)metals.
B)in group 2 of the periodic table.
C)made of relatively large atoms.
D)soluble in water.

Question 57

Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the periodic table. Rather than being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table because

A)hydrogen and helium repel one another.
B)the sizes of their atoms are vastly different.
C)they come from different sources.
D)helium is most similar to other group 18 elements.

Question 58

What does the following element description actually mean? U

A)a uranium atom with 92 protons and 146 neutrons
B)a uranium atom with 238 neutrons and 92 protons
C)a uranium atom with 92 neutrons and 238 protons
D)a uranium atom with 92 neutrons and 146 protons
E)none of the above

Question 59

Which of the following statements describes an isotope?

A)element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
B)element with the same number of protons but a different number of electrons
C)element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of electrons
D)element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons
E)none of the above

Question 60

About how many elements do you have access to as a consumer of market goods.

A)none
B)one
C)ten
D)one hundred

Question 61

Elements that are in the same ________ have a tendency to have very similar chemical properties due to periodic trends.

A)group
B)period
C)textbook
D)compound
E)row

Question 62

Which of the following elements is an alkali metal?

A)argon (Ar)
B)lead (Pb)
C)cerium (Cr)
D)indium (In)
E)lithium (Li)

Question 63

The repeating trends that take place when examining the elements are called ________.

A)periodicity
B)the family cycle
C)the metal shift
D)a group conscience
E)none of the above

Question 64

Which atom is smallest?

A)Be
B)Mg
C)Ca
D)Sr
E)All are the same size.

Question 65

Which of the following elements will most likely be shiny and flexible?

A)rhodium (Rh)
B)hydrogen (H)
C)helenium (Se)
D)iodine (I)
E)silicon (Si)

Question 66

Which of the following elements is a transition metal?

A)xenon (Xe)
B)lead (Pb)
C)chlorine (Cl)
D)silver (Ag)
E)lithium (Li)

Question 67

Germanium, Ge (number 32), computer chips operate faster than silicon, Si (number 14), computer chips. So how might a gallium, Ga (number 31), chip compare with a germanium chip?

A)A gallium chip would be even faster because the gallium is more metallic.
B)A gallium chip would be slower because its electrons are more loosely held.
C)Gallium is located just below aluminum, which is widely known to be an electrical insulator.
D)Gallium is more nonmetallic and so it does not conduct electrons very well.

Question 68

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A)antimony (atomic no. = 51)
B)zinc (atomic no. = 30)
C)iodine (atomic no. = 53)
D)uranium (atomic no. = 92)
E)sulfur (atomic no. = 16)

Question 69

Which of the following is not the name of a chemical family?

A)heavy metals
B)transition metals
C)alkali metals
D)alkaline-earth metals
E)noble gases

Question 70

Which of the following physical properties would you expect for krypton (Kr)?

A)a gas at room temperature
B)hard
C)brittle
D)shiny
E)conducts electricity

Question 71

The oldest known elements in the periodic table are the ones with

A)the lowest atomic numbers.
B)the highest atomic numbers.
C)odd looking atomic symbols.
D)atomic symbols that match their modern names.

Question 72

Which of the following elements are in the same group as silicon (Si)?

A)C
B)P
C)As
D)B
E)none of the above

Question 73

Which element would have chemical properties the most similar to chlorine (Cl)?

A)Br
B)O
C)Ar
D)S
E)Na

Question 74

Which chemical family is composed almost entirely of man-made elements?

A)the actinides
B)the lanthanides
C)the halogens
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 75

Which of the following elements are in the same period as magnesium (Mg)?

A)Cl
B)Ca
C)Mn
D)Sr
E)none of the above

Question 76

What happens to the properties of elements across any period of the periodic table?

A)The elements tend to become more metallic in nature since they are increasing in atomic number.
B)The elements get much larger in size because of the addition of more protons and electrons.
C)The properties of the elements gradually change across any period of the periodic table.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 77

Which of the following elements is a halogen?

A)argon (Ar)
B)lead (Pb)
C)chlorine (Cl)
D)indium (In)
E)lithium (Li)

Question 78

Which of the following elements is in the fourth period?

A)chromium (Cr)
B)hydrogen (H)
C)beryllium(Be)
D)carbon (C)
E)zirconium (Zr)

Question 79

Which of the following elements is a gas at room temperature?

A)argon (Ar)
B)lead (Pb)
C)cesium (Cs)
D)indium (In)
E)lithium (Li)

Question 80

Which atom is largest?

A)Rb
B)K
C)Na
D)Li
E)H