Deck 16: Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is the conjugate base of H₂PO₄⁻ ?

A) HPO₄^2-
B) PO₄^3-
C) H₃PO₄
D) H₃O⁺
E) OH⁻

Answer 1

HPO₄^2-

Question 2

Identify the acid that is used in etching glass.

A) citric acid
B) hydrochloric acid
C) carbonic acid
D) hydrofluoric acid
E) phosphoric acid

Answer 2

hydrofluoric acid

Question 3

What is the conjugate acid of HCO₃⁻ ?

A) H₃O⁺
B) H₂O
C) CO₃^2-
D) OH⁻
E) H₂CO₃

Answer 3

H₂CO₃

Question 4

The stronger the acid,then which of the following is TRUE?

A) the stronger the conjugate acid
B) the stronger the conjugate base
C) the weaker the conjugate base
D) the weaker the conjugate acid
E) none of the above

Question 5

Identify the acid that is used to preserve soft drinks.

A) citric acid
B) hydrochloric acid
C) carbonic acid
D) hydrofluoric acid
E) phosphoric acid

Question 6

Acid reflux is when ________ backs up out of the stomach and into the esophagus.

A) nitric acid
B) nitrous acid
C) phosphoric acid
D) sulfuric acid
E) hydrochloric acid

Question 7

Identify the strong diprotic acid.

A) H₂SO₃
B) H₂CO₃
C) HNO₃
D) H₂SO₄
E) HOOCCH₂COOH

Question 8

The Brønsted-Lowry model focuses on the transfer of _______ in an acid-base reaction.

A) neutrons
B) electrons
C) orbitals
D) OH^-
E) H⁺

Question 9

A strong electrolyte ______ in solution.

A) precipitates
B) does not dissolve
C) partially ionizes
D) completely ionizes
E) forms an emulsion

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) A strong acid is composed of a proton and an anion that have a very strong attraction for one another.
B) A weak base is composed of a cation and an anion with a very weak attraction between them.
C) A strong acid has a strong conjugate base.
D) The conjugate base of a very weak acid is stronger than the conjugate base of a strong acid.
E) None of the above statements is true.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a conjugate acid-base pair?

A) NH₄⁺/NH₃
B) H₃O⁺/OH⁻
C) H₂SO₃/HSO₃⁻
D) C₂H₃O₂⁻/HC₂H₃O₂
E) All of the above are conjugate acid-base pairs.

Question 12

Identify the products when hydrochloric acid completely ionizes in water.

A) H₃O+ and Cl^-
B) HCl and H₂O
C) 2 H⁺, OH^-, and Cl^-
D) HOCl and H₂
E) HCl, H⁺, and OH^-

Question 13

What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in pure water at 30.0^∘C,if K_w at this temperature is 1.47 × 10^-14?

A) 1.00 × 10^-7 M
B) 1.30 × 10^-7 M
C) 1.47 × 10^-7 M
D) 8.93 × 10^-8 M
E) 1.21 × 10^-7 M

Question 14

Identify the acid in citrus fruits.

A) citric acid
B) hydrochloric acid
C) carbonic acid
D) hydrofluoric acid
E) phosphoric acid

Question 15

Give the characteristics of a strong acid.

A) ionizes completely in aqueous solutions
B) has equilibrium far to the right
C) has a polar bond
D) has a weaker bond to hydrogen
E) all of the above

Question 16

Which of the following solutions would have the highest pH? Assume that they are all 0.10 M in acid at 25^∘C.The acid is followed by its K_a value.

A) HF, 3.5 × 10^-4
B) HCN, 4.9 × 10^-10
C) HNO₂, 4.6 × 10^-4
D) HCHO₂, 1.8 × 10^-4
E) HClO₂, 1.1 × 10^-2

Question 17

Identify the products that are in equilibrium with NH₃ and H₂O.

A) NH₂^- and H₃O⁺
B) NH₃, H⁺, and ^-OH
C) NH₃ and H₂O
D) NH₄⁺ and ^-OH
E) NH₂^-, H⁺, and H₂O

Question 18

An Arrhenius acid

A) donates an electron pair.
B) is a H⁺ donor.
C) is a H⁺ acceptor.
D) produces OH^- in aqueous solutions.
E) produces H⁺ in aqueous solutions.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) A neutral solution contains [H₂O] = [H₃O⁺].
B) An neutral solution does not contain any H₃O⁺ or OH^-.
C) An acidic solution has [H₃O⁺] > [OH⁻].
D) A basic solution does not contain H₃O⁺.
E) None of the above is true.

Question 20

________ is a painful burning sensation in the esophagus just below the chest.

A) Mucus
B) Lung disease
C) Heartburn
D) Arthritis
E) Hardening of the arteries

Question 21

What is the K_w of pure water at 50.0°C,if the pH is 6.630?

A) 2.34 × 10^-7
B) 5.50 × 10^-14
C) 2.13 × 10^-14
D) 1.00 × 10^-14
E) There is not enough information to calculate the K_w.

Question 22

Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 7.8 × 10^-6 M OH⁻ at 25°C.

A) 1.28
B) 5.11
C) 12.72
D) 8.89
E) 9.64

Question 23

Calculate the pOH of a solution that contains 7.8 × 10^-6 M OH⁻ at 25°C.

A) 1.28
B) 5.11
C) 12.72
D) 8.89
E) 9.64

Question 24

Determine the [H₃O⁺] in a 0.265 M HClO solution.The K_a of HClO is 2.9 × 10^-8.

A) 1.1 × 10^-10 M
B) 7.7 × 10^-9 M
C) 1.3 × 10^-6 M
D) 4.9 × 10^-4 M
E) 8.8 × 10^-5 M

Question 25

Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pOH of 9.85 at 25°C.

A) 7.1 × 10^-5 M
B) 4.2 × 10^-10 M
C) 8.7 × 10^-10 M
D) 6.5 × 10^-5 M
E) 1.4 × 10^-10 M

Question 26

Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pH of 4.33 at 25°C.

A) 2.1 × 10^-10 M
B) 9.7 × 10^-10 M
C) 4.7 × 10^-5 M
D) 3.8 × 10^-5 M
E) 6.3 × 10^-6 M

Question 27

Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pH of 9.85 at 25°C.

A) 7.1 × 10^-5 M
B) 4.2 × 10^-10 M
C) 8.7 × 10^-10 M
D) 6.5 × 10^-5 M
E) 1.4 × 10^-10 M

Question 28

Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pOH of 4.33 at 25°C.

A) 2.1 × 10^-10 M
B) 9.7 × 10^-10 M
C) 4.7 × 10^-5 M
D) 3.8 × 10^-5 M
E) 6.3 × 10^-6 M

Question 29

Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pH of 9.85 at 25°C.

A) 7.1 × 10^-5 M
B) 4.2 × 10^-10 M
C) 8.7 × 10^-10 M
D) 6.5 × 10^-5 M
E) 1.4 × 10^-10 M

Question 30

Calculate the concentration of OH⁻ in a solution that contains 3.9 × 10^-4 M H₃O⁺ at 25°C.Identify the solution as acidic,basic,or neutral.

A) 2.6 × 10^-11 M, acidic
B) 2.6 × 10^-11 M, basic
C) 3.9 × 10^-4 M, neutral
D) 2.7 × 10^-2 M, basic
E) 2.7 × 10^-2 M, acidic

Question 31

Determine the [H₃O⁺] concentration for a 0.100 M solution of H₂SO₄.

A) 1.00 × 10^-14 M
B) 5.00 × 10 ^-14 M
C) 1.00 × 10^-1 M
D) 2.00 × 10^-1 M
E) 5.00 × 10^-2 M

Question 32

Identify the strongest acid.

A) 1.00 M HCOOH
B) 1.00 M CH₃COOH
C) 1.00 M HCl
D) 1.00 M HClO
E) 1.00 M HF

Question 33

Determine the pH of a 0.00598 M HClO₄ solution.

A) 11.777
B) 6.434
C) 7.566
D) 2.223
E) 3.558

Question 34

Identify the food that does NOT irritate the wall of the stomach.

A) orange juice
B) plum
C) egg white
D) lemon
E) wine

Question 35

Calculate the concentration of H₃O⁺ in a solution that contains 5.5 × 10^-5 M OH⁻ at 25°C.Identify the solution as acidic,basic,or neutral.

A) 1.8 × 10^-10 M, basic
B) 1.8 × 10^-10 M, acidic
C) 5.5 × 10^-10 M, neutral
D) 9.2 × 10^-1 M, acidic
E) 9.2 × 10^-1 M, basic

Question 36

Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pH of 4.33 at 25°C.

A) 2.1 × 10^-10 M
B) 9.7 × 10^-10 M
C) 4.7 × 10^-5 M
D) 3.8 × 10^-5 M
E) 6.3 × 10^-6 M

Question 37

Determine the pH of a 0.023 M HNO₃ solution.

A) 12.36
B) 3.68
C) 1.64
D) 2.30
E) 2.49

Question 38

Determine the pOH of a 0.00598 M HClO₄ solution.

A) 11.777
B) 6.434
C) 7.566
D) 2.223
E) 3.558

Question 39

What is the pH of pure water at 40.0°C if the K_w at this temperature is 2.92 × 10^-14?

A) 6.767
B) 0.465
C) 7.000
D) 7.233
E) 8.446

Question 40

Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution with a pOH of 9.85 at 25°C.

A) 7.1 × 10^-5 M
B) 4.2 × 10^-10 M
C) 8.7 × 10^-10 M
D) 6.5 × 10^-5 M
E) 1.4 × 10^-10 M

Question 41

Determine the pH of a 0.62 M NH₄NO₃ solution at 25°C.The K_b for NH₃ is 1.76 × 10^-5.

A) 2.48
B) 9.27
C) 11.52
D) 4.73
E) 9.45

Question 42

Determine the pH of a 0.22 M NaF solution at 25°C.The K_a of HF is 3.5 × 10^-5.

A) 10.20
B) 5.10
C) 8.90
D) 11.44
E) 2.56

Question 43

Determine the [OH^-] concentration of a 0.741 M KOH solution at 25°C.

A) 1.34 × 10^-13 M
B) 1.34 × 10^-14 M
C) 0.741 M
D) 7.41 M
E) none of the above

Question 44

Determine the pOH of a 0.188 M NH₃ solution at 25°C.The K_b of NH₃ is 1.76 × 10^-5.

A) 5.480
B) 2.740
C) 8.520
D) 11.260
E) 12.656

Question 45

Determine the K_b for CN⁻ at 25°C.The K_a for HCN is 4.9 × 10^-10.

A) 4.9 × 10^-14
B) 2.3 × 10^-9
C) 1.4 × 10^-5
D) 2.0 × 10^-5
E) 3.7 × 10^-7

Question 46

Determine the pH of a 0.188 M NH₃ solution at 25°C.The K_b of NH₃ is 1.76 × 10^-5.

A) 5.480
B) 2.740
C) 8.520
D) 11.260
E) 12.656

Question 47

Which of the following bases is the strongest? The base is followed by its K_b value.

A) (CH₃CH₂)₂NH, 8.6 × 10^-4
B) CH₃NH₂, 4.4 × 10^-4
C) C₆H₅NH₂, 4.0 × 10^-10
D) NH₃, 1.76 × 10^-5
E) C₅H₅N, 1.7 × 10^-9

Question 48

In a triprotic acid,which K_a has the highest value?

A) K_a1
B) K_a2
C) K_a3
D) K_b1
E) K_b2

Question 49

Determine the K_a for CH₃NH₃⁺ at 25°C.The K_b for CH₃NH₂ is 4.4 × 10^-4.

A) 3.1 × 10^-10
B) 6.8 × 10^-11
C) 5.6 × 10^-10
D) 2.3 × 10^-3
E) 2.3 × 10^-11

Question 50

Determine the pOH of a 0.227 M C₅H₅N solution at 25°C.The K_b of C₅H₅N is 1.7 × 10^-9.

A) 4.59
B) 9.41
C) 4.71
D) 10.14
E) 9.29

Question 51

Determine the pH of a 0.18 M H₂CO₃ solution.Carbonic acid is a diprotic acid whose K_a1 = 4.3 × 10^-7 and K_a2 = 5.6 × 10^-11.

A) 11.00
B) 10.44
C) 5.50
D) 4.31
E) 3.56

Question 52

Determine the pH of a solution that is 0.15 M HClO₂ (K_a = 1.1 × 10^-2)and 0.15 M HClO (K_a = 2.9 × 10^-8).

A) 4.18
B) 9.82
C) 12.55
D) 1.39
E) 3.55

Question 53

Which of the following bases is the weakest? The base is followed by its K_b value.

A) HOCH₂CH₂NH₂, 3.2 × 10^-5
B) NH₃, 1.76 × 10^-5
C) C₅H₅N, 1.7 × 10^-9
D) (CH₃CH₂)₃N, 5.2 × 10^-4
E) Since these are all weak bases, they have the same strength.

Question 54

List an ingredient that is in antacid.

A) Al(OH)₃
B) Mg(OH)₂
C) CaCO₃
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 55

Determine the K_a of an acid whose 0.294 M solution has a pH of 2.80.

A) 1.2 × 10^-5
B) 8.5 × 10^-6
C) 2.7
D) 4.9 × 10^-7
E) 5.4 × 10^-3

Question 56

Determine the pH of a 0.461 M C₆H₅CO₂H M solution if the K_a of C₆H₅CO₂H is 6.5 × 10^-5.

A) 2.26
B) 4.52
C) 11.74
D) 9.48
E) 5.48

Question 57

Determine the pH in a 0.235 M NaOH solution.

A) 13.76
B) 0.24
C) 13.37
D) 0.63
E) 12

Question 58

Find the percent ionization of a 0.337 M HF solution.The K_a for HF is 3.5 × 10^-4.

A) 1.1%
B) 1.2 × 10^-2%
C) 3.2%
D) 3.5 × 10^-2%
E) 4.7%

Question 59

Determine the pOH in a 0.235 M NaOH solution.

A) 13.76
B) 0.24
C) 13.37
D) 0.63
E) 12

Question 60

Determine the pH of a 0.227 M C₅H₅N solution at 25°C.The K_b of C₅H₅N is 1.7 × 10^-9.

A) 4.59
B) 9.41
C) 4.71
D) 10.14
E) 9.29

Question 61

Which of the following is a Br∅nsted-Lowry acid?

A) NH₄⁺
B) CBr₄
C) PH₂^-
D) NH₃
E) F₂

Question 62

Determine the concentration of CO₃^2- ions in a 0.18 M H₂CO₃ solution.Carbonic acid is a diprotic acid whose K_a1 = 4.3 × 10^-7 and K_a2 = 5.6 × 10^-11.

A) 2.8 × 10^-4 M
B) 3.2 × 10^-6 M
C) 5.6 × 10^-11 M
D) 4.3 × 10^-7 M
E) 6.9 × 10^-8 M

Question 63

When dissolved in water,which compound is generally considered to be an Arrhenius acid?

A) H₂CO₃
B) KOH
C) K₂CO₃
D) CH₃H₇OH

Question 64

Which of the following species is amphoteric?

A) SO₄^2-
B) HF
C) NH₄⁺
D) HPO₄^2-
E) LiI

Question 65

Which of the following is a Br∅nsted-Lowry base?

A) CCl₄
B) HF
C) NH₃
D) I₂
E) None of the above is a Br∅nsted-Lowry base.

Question 66

Identify the base that is in baking soda.

A) CsOH
B) NaOH
C) NaHCO₃
D) K₂CO₃
E) LiHCO₃

Question 67

Which of the following is an Arrhenius acid?

A) H₂SO₃
B) CsOH
C) NH₂CH₃
D) CH₃CI₃
E) LiCl

Question 68

Carbon dioxide combines with rainwater to form

A) phosphoric acid.
B) carbonic acid.
C) nitric acid.
D) sulfuric acid.
E) nitrous acid.

Question 69

The Lewis model describes the transfer of

A) one neutron.
B) protons.
C) electron pairs.
D) neutrons.
E) one electron.

Question 70

Which Br∅nsted-Lowry acid is NOT considered to be a strong acid in water?

A) HBr
B) HBr
C) HNO₂
D) HNO₃

Question 71

Identify the weakest acid.

A) HF
B) HCl
C) HBr
D) HI
E) Not enough information is available.

Question 72

The stomach excretes ________ to kill microorganisms and to activate enzymes that break down food.

A) H₂CO₃
B) HBr
C) KHCO₃
D) HCl
E) HNO₃

Question 73

Which of the following is an Arrhenius base?

A) CH₃CO₂H
B) RbOH
C) CH₃OH
D) KBr
E) More than one of these compounds is an Arrhenius base.

Question 74

________ is found in carbonated beverages due to the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.

A) H₂SO₄
B) H₂CO₃
C) HCOOH
D) CH₃CH₂COOH
E) HNO₃

Question 75

A Lewis base

A) donates an electron pair.
B) is a H⁺ donor.
C) is a H⁺ acceptor.
D) produces OH^- in aqueous solutions.
E) produces H⁺ in aqueous solutions.

Question 76

Place the following in order of increasing acid strength. HBrO₂ HBrO₃ HBrO HBrO₄

A) HBrO₂ < HBrO₄ < HBrO < HBrO₃
B) HBrO < HBrO₂ < HBrO₃ < HBrO₄
C) HBrO₂ < HBrO₃ < HBrO₄ < HBrO
D) HBrO₄ < HBrO₂ < HBrO₃ < HBrO
E) HBrO < HBrO₄ < HBrO₃ < HBrO₂

Question 77

Identify the base that is in Drano.

A) CsOH
B) NaOH
C) LiHCO₃
D) K₂CO₃
E) NH₃

Question 78

Identify the strongest acid.

A) H₂O
B) H₂S
C) H₂Se
D) H₂Te
E) Not enough information is available.

Question 79

Identify the acid that is in vinegar.

A) H₂SO₄
B) NaHCO₃
C) Rb₂CO₃
D) CH₃COOH
E) HI

Question 80

Identify the acid that is in car batteries.

A) H₂SO₄
B) HNO₃
C) Na₂CO₃
D) CH₃COOH
E) HCl