Deck 14: Genomes and Genomics

Question 1

When comparing different genomes,"synteny" is defined as:

A)the same genes in the same order.
B)the same genes in essentially the same order.
C)the same genes in reverse order.
D)different genes found on similar chromosomes.
E)duplication of entire genomes.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is/are FALSE concerning the comparisons between genetic,physical,and cytogenetic maps?

A)The distance between two linked markers is the same in genetic and physical maps because crossing over occurs with equal frequency along the entire length of the chromosome.
B)Restriction maps,contig maps,and STS maps are examples of physical maps.
C)In physical maps,the distances between markers are given in megabases (Mb)where 1 Mb is approximately equal to 1 cM.
D)The banding patterns of chromosomes created by different staining techniques are used in constructing cytogenetic maps.
E)In genetic maps,the distances between various markers (for example,genes or RFLPs)are given in map units or centiMorgans.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The most closely related genes either within a single organism or between two different organisms are called:

A)homologs.
B)orthologs.
C)paralogs.
D)heterologs.
E)alleles.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The term coverage,when applied to genomics,means sequencing:

A)every base pair of the entire genome.
B)every base pair of a single chromosome.
C)the same gene in multiple individuals.
D)the same gene in multiple species.
E)the same base pair multiple times.

Question 5

The genome of Hemophilus influenzae,the first free-living organism to have its genome sequenced,is how large?

A)0)5-megabase
B)1.0-megabase
C)1.8-megabase
D)12-megabase
E)18-megabase

Question 6

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called a:

A)homology.
B)orthology.
C)heterology.
D)phylogeny.
E)synteny.

Question 7

Which of the following is the most sensible order of techniques for mapping a chromosome and then locating a specific disease gene?

A)contig alignment;restriction mapping;RFLP linkage analysis;chromosomal walking
B)chromosomal walking;contig alignment;restriction mapping;RFLP linkage analysis
C)restriction mapping;chromosomal walking;contig alignment;RFLP linkage analysis
D)chromosomal walking;restriction mapping;RFLP linkage analysis;contig alignment
E)restriction mapping;contig alignment;RFLP linkage analysis;chromosomal walking

Question 8

Deducing the protein encoding genes from genomic sequences involves:

A)ORF detection.
B)direct evidence from cDNA sequences.
C)predictions of binding site.
D)predictions based on codon bias.
E)All of the answer options are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is/are TRUE about pyrosequencing?

A)Pyrosequencing uses ddNTPs as substrates.
B)Pyrosequencing uses DNA polymerase and two other enzymes,sulfurylase and luciferase,in the reaction.
C)PPi is released for every nucleotide incorporated into the growing strand.
D)All of the answer options are correct.
E)Pyrosequencing uses DNA polymerase,sulfurylase,and luciferase,and PPi is released for every nucleotide incorporated into the growing strand.

Question 10

The human genome is comprised of how many base pairs (bp)?

A)1 billion
B)2 billion
C)3 billion
D)4 billion
E)5 billion

Question 11

The best evidence to prove that a candidate gene is a disease gene is finding:

A)a start and stop codon.
B)a CpG island upstream.
C)that the gene is expressed.
D)the homologous gene in many similar animals.
E)a mutation in the homologous sequence from a disease sufferer.

Question 12

"Traditional" whole genome shotgun (WGS)sequencing employs which of the following techniques?

A)the construction of genomic libraries
B)cloning of DNA in bacterial systems
C)Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing
D)All of the answer options are correct.

Question 13

The "transcriptome" is defined as:

A)the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts.
B)the sequence and expression of all proteins.
C)the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e. ,protein/DNA or protein/protein).
D)the complete set of all metabolites.
E)None of the answer options are correct.

Question 14

Sanger DNA sequencing determines the nucleotide sequence because:

A)dideoxy nucleotides are incorporated into a growing DNA strand.
B)dideoxy nucleotides terminate the growing DNA strand.
C)PPi is incorporated into the growing DNA strand.
D)PPi is released from the growing DNA strand.
E)None of the answer options are correct.

Question 15

What is meant by "codon bias"?

A)Codons are specific for the amino acids they specify.
B)Certain viruses like to infect particular DNA sequences in our genome.
C)Some organisms will use specific codons for amino acids they specify.
D)Certain viruses like to infect particular DNA sequences in our genome,and some organisms will use specific codons for amino acids they specify.
E)None of the answer options are correct.

Question 16

The strategy for obtaining a genomic sequence can be divided into four steps: 1)overlap contigs for complete sequence,2)sequence each fragment,3)cut many genome copies in to random fragments,and 4)overlap sequence reads.What is the order of the four steps?

A)1,2,3,and 4
B)4,3,2,and 1
C)3,2,4,and 1
D)3,2,1,and 4
E)2,4,3,and 1

Question 17

Genes that have been inherited from a common ancestor are called:

A)homologs.
B)orthologs.
C)paralogs.
D)heterologs.
E)alleles.

Question 18

Genes that are related by gene-duplication events within the same genome are called:

A)homologs.
B)orthologs.
C)paralogs.
D)heterologs.
E)alleles.

Question 19

Pyrosequencing determines the nucleotide sequence because:

A)dideoxy nucleotides are incorporated into a growing DNA strand.
B)dideoxy nucleotides terminate the growing DNA strand.
C)PPi is incorporated into the growing DNA strand.
D)PPi is released from the growing DNA strand.
E)None of the answer options are correct.

Question 20

The principle of parsimony refers to:

A)the most complicated explanation involving the smallest number of evolutionary changes.
B)the most complicated explanation involving the largest number of evolutionary changes.
C)the simplest explanation involving the smallest number of evolutionary changes.
D)the simplest explanation involving the largest number of evolutionary changes.
E)explanations that support your hypothesis.

Question 21

The "proteome" is defined as:

A)the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts.
B)the sequence and expression of all proteins.
C)the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e.protein/DNA or protein/protein).
D)the complete set of all metabolites.
E)None of the answer options are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about reverse genetics?

A)Reverse genetics analysis starts with an altered phenotype in an organism.
B)Reverse genetics analysis starts with a known DNA sequence,mRNA,or protein.
C)Reverse genetics can be performed by random mutagenesis,targeted mutagenesis,or by phenocopying.
D)All of the answer options are correct.
E)Reverse genetics analysis starts with a known DNA sequence,mRNA,or protein,and it can be performed by random mutagenesis,targeted mutagenesis,or by phenocopying.

Question 23

Describe the information content of a genome.

Question 24

Please list three (3)approaches to reverse genetics.

Question 25

Which of the following methods can be used to inactivate a gene without changing its DNA sequence?

A)targeted mutagenesis
B)random mutagenesis
C)gene knockout
D)RNAi
E)All of the answer options are correct.

Question 26

The "interactome" is defined as:

A)the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts.
B)the sequence and expression of all proteins.
C)the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e. ,protein/DNA or protein/protein).
D)the complete set of all metabolites.
E)None of the answer options are correct.