Question 1

Please list three (3)approaches to reverse genetics.

Accepted Answer

1)Generate random mutations in the genome;2)generate targeted mutations directly in the gene of interest;and 3)generate phenocopies by treating organisms with agents that interfere with transcription.

Question 2

The best evidence to prove that a candidate gene is a disease gene is finding:

Accepted Answer

A) a start and stop codon. 
B) a CpG island upstream. 
C) that the gene is expressed. 
D) the homologous gene in many similar animals. 
E) a mutation in the homologous sequence from a disease sufferer. 
A) a start and stop codon. 
B) a CpG island upstream. 
C) that the gene is expressed. 
D) the homologous gene in many similar animals. 
E) a mutation in the homologous sequence from a disease sufferer. E

Question 3

What is meant by "codon bias"?

Accepted Answer

A) Codons are specific for the amino acids they specify. 
B) Certain viruses like to infect particular DNA sequences in our genome. 
C) Some organisms will use specific codons for amino acids they specify. 
D) Certain viruses like to infect particular DNA sequences in our genome,and some organisms will use specific codons for amino acids they specify. 
E) None of the answer options are correct. 
A) Codons are specific for the amino acids they specify. 
B) Certain viruses like to infect particular DNA sequences in our genome. 
C) Some organisms will use specific codons for amino acids they specify. 
D) Certain viruses like to infect particular DNA sequences in our genome,and some organisms will use specific codons for amino acids they specify. 
E) None of the answer options are correct. C

Question 4

Which of the following methods can be used to inactivate a gene without changing its DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) targeted mutagenesis 
B) random mutagenesis 
C) gene knockout 
D) RNAi 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) targeted mutagenesis 
B) random mutagenesis 
C) gene knockout 
D) RNAi 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 5

The strategy for obtaining a genomic sequence can be divided into four steps: 1)overlap contigs for complete sequence,2)sequence each fragment,3)cut many genome copies in to random fragments,and 4)overlap sequence reads.What is the order of the four steps?

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,and 4 
B) 4,3,2,and 1 
C) 3,2,4,and 1 
D) 3,2,1,and 4 
E) 2,4,3,and 1 
A) 1,2,3,and 4 
B) 4,3,2,and 1 
C) 3,2,4,and 1 
D) 3,2,1,and 4 
E) 2,4,3,and 1

Question 6

Deducing the protein encoding genes from genomic sequences involves:

Accepted Answer

A) ORF detection. 
B) direct evidence from cDNA sequences. 
C) predictions of binding site. 
D) predictions based on codon bias. 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) ORF detection. 
B) direct evidence from cDNA sequences. 
C) predictions of binding site. 
D) predictions based on codon bias. 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is/are FALSE concerning the comparisons between genetic,physical,and cytogenetic maps?

Accepted Answer

A) The distance between two linked markers is the same in genetic and physical maps because crossing over occurs with equal frequency along the entire length of the chromosome. 
B) Restriction maps,contig maps,and STS maps are examples of physical maps. 
C) In physical maps,the distances between markers are given in megabases (Mb)where 1 Mb is approximately equal to 1 cM. 
D) The banding patterns of chromosomes created by different staining techniques are used in constructing cytogenetic maps. 
E) In genetic maps,the distances between various markers (for example,genes or RFLPs)are given in map units or centiMorgans. 
A) The distance between two linked markers is the same in genetic and physical maps because crossing over occurs with equal frequency along the entire length of the chromosome. 
B) Restriction maps,contig maps,and STS maps are examples of physical maps. 
C) In physical maps,the distances between markers are given in megabases (Mb)where 1 Mb is approximately equal to 1 cM. 
D) The banding patterns of chromosomes created by different staining techniques are used in constructing cytogenetic maps. 
E) In genetic maps,the distances between various markers (for example,genes or RFLPs)are given in map units or centiMorgans.

Question 8

Which of the following is/are TRUE about pyrosequencing?

Accepted Answer

A) Pyrosequencing uses ddNTPs as substrates. 
B) Pyrosequencing uses DNA polymerase and two other enzymes,sulfurylase and luciferase,in the reaction. 
C) PPi is released for every nucleotide incorporated into the growing strand. 
D) All of the answer options are correct. 
E) Pyrosequencing uses DNA polymerase,sulfurylase,and luciferase,and PPi is released for every nucleotide incorporated into the growing strand. 
A) Pyrosequencing uses ddNTPs as substrates. 
B) Pyrosequencing uses DNA polymerase and two other enzymes,sulfurylase and luciferase,in the reaction. 
C) PPi is released for every nucleotide incorporated into the growing strand. 
D) All of the answer options are correct. 
E) Pyrosequencing uses DNA polymerase,sulfurylase,and luciferase,and PPi is released for every nucleotide incorporated into the growing strand.

Question 9

When comparing different genomes,"synteny" is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) the same genes in the same order. 
B) the same genes in essentially the same order. 
C) the same genes in reverse order. 
D) different genes found on similar chromosomes. 
E) duplication of entire genomes. 
A) the same genes in the same order. 
B) the same genes in essentially the same order. 
C) the same genes in reverse order. 
D) different genes found on similar chromosomes. 
E) duplication of entire genomes.

Question 10

The "interactome" is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts. 
B) the sequence and expression of all proteins. 
C) the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e. ,protein/DNA or protein/protein). 
D) the complete set of all metabolites. 
E) None of the answer options are correct. 
A) the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts. 
B) the sequence and expression of all proteins. 
C) the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e. ,protein/DNA or protein/protein). 
D) the complete set of all metabolites. 
E) None of the answer options are correct.

Question 11

The human genome is comprised of how many base pairs (bp)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 billion 
B) 2 billion 
C) 3 billion 
D) 4 billion 
E) 5 billion 
A) 1 billion 
B) 2 billion 
C) 3 billion 
D) 4 billion 
E) 5 billion

Question 12

The principle of parsimony refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the most complicated explanation involving the smallest number of evolutionary changes. 
B) the most complicated explanation involving the largest number of evolutionary changes. 
C) the simplest explanation involving the smallest number of evolutionary changes. 
D) the simplest explanation involving the largest number of evolutionary changes. 
E) explanations that support your hypothesis. 
A) the most complicated explanation involving the smallest number of evolutionary changes. 
B) the most complicated explanation involving the largest number of evolutionary changes. 
C) the simplest explanation involving the smallest number of evolutionary changes. 
D) the simplest explanation involving the largest number of evolutionary changes. 
E) explanations that support your hypothesis.

Question 13

The most closely related genes either within a single organism or between two different organisms are called:

Accepted Answer

A) homologs. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) heterologs. 
E) alleles. 
A) homologs. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) heterologs. 
E) alleles.

Question 14

The "transcriptome" is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts. 
B) the sequence and expression of all proteins. 
C) the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e. ,protein/DNA or protein/protein). 
D) the complete set of all metabolites. 
E) None of the answer options are correct. 
A) the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts. 
B) the sequence and expression of all proteins. 
C) the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e. ,protein/DNA or protein/protein). 
D) the complete set of all metabolites. 
E) None of the answer options are correct.

Question 15

"Traditional" whole genome shotgun (WGS)sequencing employs which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) the construction of genomic libraries 
B) cloning of DNA in bacterial systems 
C) Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing 
D) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) the construction of genomic libraries 
B) cloning of DNA in bacterial systems 
C) Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing 
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 16

Genes that are related by gene-duplication events within the same genome are called:

Accepted Answer

A) homologs. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) heterologs. 
E) alleles. 
A) homologs. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) heterologs. 
E) alleles.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about reverse genetics?

Accepted Answer

A) Reverse genetics analysis starts with an altered phenotype in an organism. 
B) Reverse genetics analysis starts with a known DNA sequence,mRNA,or protein. 
C) Reverse genetics can be performed by random mutagenesis,targeted mutagenesis,or by phenocopying. 
D) All of the answer options are correct. 
E) Reverse genetics analysis starts with a known DNA sequence,mRNA,or protein,and it can be performed by random mutagenesis,targeted mutagenesis,or by phenocopying. 
A) Reverse genetics analysis starts with an altered phenotype in an organism. 
B) Reverse genetics analysis starts with a known DNA sequence,mRNA,or protein. 
C) Reverse genetics can be performed by random mutagenesis,targeted mutagenesis,or by phenocopying. 
D) All of the answer options are correct. 
E) Reverse genetics analysis starts with a known DNA sequence,mRNA,or protein,and it can be performed by random mutagenesis,targeted mutagenesis,or by phenocopying.

Question 18

The "proteome" is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts. 
B) the sequence and expression of all proteins. 
C) the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e.protein/DNA or protein/protein). 
D) the complete set of all metabolites. 
E) None of the answer options are correct. 
A) the sequence and expression patterns of all transcripts. 
B) the sequence and expression of all proteins. 
C) the complete set of all physical interactions (i.e.protein/DNA or protein/protein). 
D) the complete set of all metabolites. 
E) None of the answer options are correct.

Question 19

Genes that have been inherited from a common ancestor are called:

Accepted Answer

A) homologs. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) heterologs. 
E) alleles. 
A) homologs. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) heterologs. 
E) alleles.

Question 20

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called a:

Accepted Answer

A) homology. 
B) orthology. 
C) heterology. 
D) phylogeny. 
E) synteny. 
A) homology. 
B) orthology. 
C) heterology. 
D) phylogeny. 
E) synteny.

Please list three (3)approaches to reverse genetics.

The best evidence to prove that a candidate gene is a disease gene is finding:

What is meant by "codon bias"?

Which of the following methods can be used to inactivate a gene without changing its DNA sequence?

The strategy for obtaining a genomic sequence can be divided into four steps: 1)overlap contigs for complete sequence,2)sequence each fragment,3)cut many genome copies in to random fragments,and 4)overlap sequence reads.What is the order of the four steps?

Deducing the protein encoding genes from genomic sequences involves:

Which of the following is/are FALSE concerning the comparisons between genetic,physical,and cytogenetic maps?

Which of the following is/are TRUE about pyrosequencing?

When comparing different genomes,"synteny" is defined as:

The "interactome" is defined as:

The human genome is comprised of how many base pairs (bp)?

The principle of parsimony refers to:

The most closely related genes either within a single organism or between two different organisms are called:

The "transcriptome" is defined as:

"Traditional" whole genome shotgun (WGS)sequencing employs which of the following techniques?

Genes that are related by gene-duplication events within the same genome are called:

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about reverse genetics?

The "proteome" is defined as:

Genes that have been inherited from a common ancestor are called:

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called a:

The Genetics Revolution

Single-Gene Inheritance

Independent Assortment of Genes

Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

Gene Interaction

Dna: Structure and Replication

Rna: Transcription and Processing

Proteins and Their Synthesis

Gene Isolation and Manipulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Control of Development

The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

Population Genetics

The Inheritance of Complex Traits

Evolution of Genes and Traits

Filters

Exam 14: Genomes and Genomics

Please list three (3)approaches to reverse genetics.

The best evidence to prove that a candidate gene is a disease gene is finding:

What is meant by "codon bias"?

Which of the following methods can be used to inactivate a gene without changing its DNA sequence?

The strategy for obtaining a genomic sequence can be divided into four steps: 1)overlap contigs for complete sequence,2)sequence each fragment,3)cut many genome copies in to random fragments,and 4)overlap sequence reads.What is the order of the four steps?

Deducing the protein encoding genes from genomic sequences involves:

Which of the following is/are FALSE concerning the comparisons between genetic,physical,and cytogenetic maps?

Which of the following is/are TRUE about pyrosequencing?

When comparing different genomes,"synteny" is defined as:

The "interactome" is defined as:

The human genome is comprised of how many base pairs (bp)?

The principle of parsimony refers to:

The most closely related genes either within a single organism or between two different organisms are called:

The "transcriptome" is defined as:

"Traditional" whole genome shotgun (WGS)sequencing employs which of the following techniques?

Genes that are related by gene-duplication events within the same genome are called:

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about reverse genetics?

The "proteome" is defined as:

Genes that have been inherited from a common ancestor are called:

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called a:

The Genetics Revolution

Single-Gene Inheritance

Independent Assortment of Genes

Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

Gene Interaction

Dna: Structure and Replication

Rna: Transcription and Processing

Proteins and Their Synthesis

Gene Isolation and Manipulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Control of Development

The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

Population Genetics

The Inheritance of Complex Traits

Evolution of Genes and Traits

Filters