Deck 4: Section 1: Learning: How Experience Changes Us

Question 1

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of the dogs, and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps.The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a _______.

A)primary reinforce
B)positive reinforcer
C)conditioned response
D)secondary reinforcer

Answer 1

conditioned response

Question 2

A _____________________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch.

A)primary
B)negative
C)positive
D)secondary

Answer 2

primary

Question 3

With observational learning, information gleaned primarily comes from ________.

A)reinforcement
B)watching others
C)neutral stimuli
D)self-motivation

Answer 3

watching others

Question 4

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

A)CR fading
B)extinction
C)habituation
D)generalization fading

Question 5

In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response.These behaviors are called _____________.

A)primary reinforcers
B)successive approximations
C)secondary reinforcers
D)unconditioned stimuli

Question 6

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

A)Even after his fear of a rat was extinguished, the fear could come back.
B)After his fear of loud noises was extinguished, the fear could come back.
C)His fear of rats would disappear if he saw a rat without hearing a loud noise.
D)His fear of loud noises would disappear if he heard a loud noise without a rat present.

Question 7

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20.What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

A)a variable-ratio schedule
B)a fixed-ratio schedule
C)a fixed-interval schedule
D)a continuous schedule

Question 8

John turns on his fan every night prior to going to sleep.Initially, the sound of the fan is distracting, but after a short period of time he is able to fall asleep in spite of the noise.John's falling asleep in spite of the noise most closely resembles which of the following?

A)habituation
B)associative learning
C)classical conditioning
D)operant conditioning

Question 9

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ______.

A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)vicarious learning
D)cognitive learning

Question 10

"If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated.If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated." This is a statement of ________________.

A)the law of positive reinforcement
B)Rescorla's cognitive perspective
C)Thorndike's Law of Effect
D)Garcia's conditional emotional response