Deck 12: Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood

Question 1

Consider the role of gender in selecting a major in college.Which of the following is true?

A)Women are more likely today to choose fields like biological and physical sciences than they were 30 years ago.
B)Women are less likely today to choose fields like biological and physical sciences than they were 30 years ago.
C)The relative numbers of women choosing biological and physical sciences has not changed in the last 30 years.
D)Gender actually plays no role in the selection of a major.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Andrea is an adult with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style.She is least likely to select a romantic partner who has ____________ attachment style.

A)an avoidant
B)an anxious-ambivalent
C)a secure
D)an obsessed

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In a dimensional analysis of adult attachment style as opposed to a simple set of

A)Intimacy and tolerance.
B)Anxiety and approach-avoidance.
C)Passion and avoidance.
D)Approach-avoidance and intimacy.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to research on adult partner selection,secure individuals tend to select ____________ individuals as partners.

A)avoidant
B)anxious-ambivalent
C)secure
D)insecure

Question 5

Which of the following majors actually tend to lose subscribers as students move through their college years?

A)Education.
B)Business.
C)Engineering.
D)Psychology.

Question 6

Ms.S.and her infant just participated in an attachment study.First,Ms.S.was interviewed to determine how she represented her attachment relationship with her own early caregivers.Second,the researchers assessed the quality of her baby's attachment to Ms.S.They are seeking to identify relationships between a parent's working model of attachment and the quality of the attachment the infants form with them.This attachment study is part of which research tradition?

A)The nuclear family tradition.
B)The peer/romantic partner tradition.
C)The generativity tradition.
D)The intimacy tradition.

Question 7

In Super's developmental approach to career satisfaction,he argues that an individual's vocational self-concept evolves over time.What is the career development stage that usually characterizes adolescents and young adults?

A)The growth stage.
B)The establishment stage.
C)The exploratory stage.
D)The maintenance stage.

Question 8

Hillary is a 19-year-old college freshman.If she is typical of most college students today,which of the following is her most important reason for attending college?

A)To get a better job.
B)To find a spouse.
C)To work on self-development.
D)To construct a philosophy of life.

Question 9

Hazan and Zeifman 1999)asked 6- to 17-year-olds questions about attachment needs.They found that peers met some attachment needs during childhood or early adolescence,but that peers did not fulfill other attachment needs unless they became romantic partners.Which of the following attachment needs were shifted to peers even for the youngest children in this study?

A)Proximity maintenance.
B)Safe haven.
C)Separation distress.
D)Secure base.

Question 10

In studies of problem discussion and conflict management between partners,individuals with which type of attachment style are most likely to report feeling hostile and angry after a discussion session?

A)Avoidant.
B)Anxious-ambivalent.
C)Secure.
D)There are no differences.

Question 11

According to Holland's description of modal personal orientations,Danielle has an "enterprising" style,she is sociable,domineering,energetic,ambitious,talkative,optimistic,and assertive.According to Holland's theory of career development,Danielle's career counselor should

A)work with Danielle to change her style,especially her domineering and assertive characteristics.
B)work with Danielle to encourage self-awareness so that she can match her career choice to her existing style.
C)encourage Danielle to recognize that she will probably have very few career opportunities.
D)encourage Danielle to explore other personal orientations before she settles on a career.

Question 12

Becky was part of an infant attachment study when she was a baby,participating in a strange situation test with her mother.Later,as a young adult,Becky participated in an attachment interview assessing her adult representation of her attachment to her mother.Based on other studies of this kind,which of the following findings is likely?

A)Becky's infant attachment status will be unrelated to her adult attachment category.
B)Becky's infant attachment status is likely to be predictive of her adult attachment category.
C)Attachment theorists predict that the two attachment assessments will be related to each other,but no longitudinal research exists yet.
D)Attachment theorists predict that the two attachment assessments will not be related to each other,but no research exists yet.

Question 13

Ms.J.participated in an attachment interview assessing her relationship to her early caregivers.Her transcript revealed lapses in logical thinking,especially when she talked about traumatic memories.She would most likely be categorized as

A)autonomous.
B)dismissing.
C)preoccupied.
D)unresolved.

Question 14

Andrea is an adult with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style.Consistent with her attachment style,what is most likely to be true of Andrea's romantic relationship?

A)She is likely to report a lack of trust in her relationship.
B)Her relationships are likely to be less stable than those of women with other kinds of attachment styles.
C)She is likely to feel less dependent on her relationship than women with other kinds of attachment styles.
D)She is likely to report greater trust in her partner than women with other kinds of attachment styles.

Question 15

Among the important differences between adult-adult attachments and child-adult attachments is the

A)greater degree of symmetry in adult-adult attachments.
B)greater reliance on physical presence in adult-adult attachments.
C)greater tolerance for separation in child-adult attachments.
D)greater reliance on "felt-security" in chid-adult attachments.

Question 16

In a study of relationship satisfaction and stability over a 3-year period,which of the following types of partnerships was the most likely to break up?

A)Anxious-ambivalent man with anxious-ambivalent woman.
B)Avoidant man with secure woman.
C)Anxious-ambivalent man with avoidant woman.
D)Avoidant man with anxious-ambivalent woman.

Question 17

When the life goals of college and noncollege young adults are compared,which of the following is true?

A)Noncollege youth tend to rank good pay and opportunities for advancement in their work to be lower priorities than college youth.
B)Noncollege youth tend to rank "making a meaningful contribution" in their work to be a lower priority than college youth.
C)Noncollege and college youth both rank good pay and opportunities for advancement in their work as important goals.
D)Noncollege youth focus much more on family concerns whereas college youth focus much more on work concerns.

Question 18

Research on job satisfaction indicates which of the following?

A)Job satisfaction is more closely related to monetary compensation than to any other variable.
B)Job satisfaction is most closely related to sociability,with sociable individuals more likely to be satisfied with any job.
C)How well personality characteristics match the demands of a job is an important ingredient in job satisfaction.
D)Job satisfaction actually has nothing to do with how well personality characteristics match the demands of the job.

Question 19

When a parent is classified as "dismissive" on the basis of an attachment interview assessing the parent's attachment to early caregivers,that parent's baby is most likely to have an attachment to the parent that is classified as

A)secure.
B)anxious-ambivalent.
C)disorganized/disoriented.
D)avoidant.

Question 20

When Ms.S completed the attachment interview assessing her own relationship to her early caregivers,she provided answers that were coherent and collaborative,and she acknowledged the importance of attachment-related experiences in her development.Her attachment status would most likely be categorized as

A)autonomous.
B)dismissing.
C)preoccupied.
D)unresolved.

Question 21

Attachment theory,originally formulated to explain infant-caregiver relationships,has been applied to understanding adult-adult relationships.Outline three ways in which this application can be useful to helping professionals.,

Question 22

Explain Erikson's concept of generativity.Which aspects of generativity seem to emerge in early adulthood and which aspects emerge in middle adulthood? What evidence is there for this developmental change? Page 438)

Question 23

When someone's performance is affected by stereotype threat,this means that

A)they belong to a group for whom there are some negative stereotypes.
B)they are angry at other people for holding a negative stereotype about them.
C)they have been directly threatened by others for challenging stereotypes.
D)they either believe a negative stereotype about themselves or they fear that others will judge them based on the stereotype.

Question 24

When clients come to counseling for problems such as relationships or children's poor behavior,helpers should be cognizant of the possible contributions of the stresses of the contemporary working world.Currently in the United States,

A)people are typically working more hours in a year than they did a decade ago.
B)people are typically working fewer hours in a year than they did a decade ago.
C)women are working more hours than a decade ago,but men are not.
D)men are working more hours than a decade ago,but women are not.
Chapter 12 Essay Questions
See answer key for potential essay answers)

Question 25

Which of the following is the most important factor in helping young adults avoid a slide into poverty?

A)Education.
B)Religion.
C)Family size.
D)Avoiding delinquency.

Question 26

Current research indicates that in the last 50 years,gender differences in career development have

A)disappeared entirely.
B)intensified,with women today more often choosing to be full time homemakers.
C)changed in some ways,but remained the same in others,particularly in that women still give greater priority to their role as caregiver,and men still give greater priority to their role as breadwinner.
D)changed in some ways,particularly in that men now typically share equally in housework and child care when both a husband and wife have careers.

Question 27

Janet and her twin brother Harris are 22 years old,and they are both looking for jobs following college graduation.If Janet and Harris are typical of women and men in general,which of the following criteria will play a stronger role in Janet's job choice than in Harris's job choice?

A)Matching her personality and interests to the job demands.
B)Opportunities for professional advancement.
C)Income and advancement opportunities.
D)Opportunities for relationships with other people and altruism.

Question 28

Consider the similarities and differences between contemporary men and women with regard to their career choices,expectations,desires,and trajectories.In what ways are they the same and in what ways different? How have gender differences changed over the last half century with regard to career issues? ,
e.g.,U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics,2003).
Another changes since the 1950s is the fact that many men now take their wives' careers into account when making job-related decisions about their own careers.One area where there have not been great gains is salary.Women still make less money than men U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics,2006).Another area still ripe for change and improvement relates to attitudes about competency.Research has demonstrated that women in male-dominated occupations are not viewed as favorably as men,even though they have comparable knowledge and skills.
Chapter 13 Essay Questions

Question 29

Karina,a college student,has a strong mastery orientation.We can expect that Karina therefore holds which of the following theories of intelligence?

A)Entity theory.
B)Generativity theory.
C)Information processing theory.
D)Incremental theory.

Question 30

For helping professionals who assume an attachment perspective in their therapeutic approach to clients,what is expected to be the primary mechanism of change?

A)Teaching clients to think differently about their early attachments experience.
B)Establishing a therapeutic bond that functions as a secure base.
C)Confronting emotional memories.
D)Challenging the client's assumptions about attachment.

Question 31

Karina and her friend Joanna began their college careers at a competitive ivy league school and they both had high grade point averages and high test scores in high school.Yet,both of them are having a hard time getting good grades as freshmen.They find the amount of reading and the performance requirements to be so demanding that each of them has had D grades on exams.Now in their second semester,Karina is digging in,working harder,and starting to have more success,while Joanna seems discouraged and is considering giving up.Which of the following is most likely to be true of Joanna?

A)She entered college with the expectation of failure.
B)She displays a helpless pattern.
C)She has an incremental theory of intelligence.
D)She has a strong mastery orientation.

Question 32

Bandura's notion of self-efficacy beliefs closely related to Erikson's sense of industry and Dweck's mastery orientation),has been described as a useful target for clinical intervention.Describe the four major ways that Bussey and Bandura 1999)have suggested for promoting a client's self-efficacy beliefs.Provide examples to illustrate how each might work.Page 466-467,472)

Question 33

Counselors who use attachment based family therapy ABFT)with troubled adolescents and their families

A)require that all sessions include both parents and the adolescent.
B)have alliance building individual sessions with parents and with the adolescent to provide safe haven and empathy.
C)have individual alliance building sessions with the adolescent to combat parental authority
D)have individual alliance building sessions with the parents but not with the adolescent to encourage respect for parental authority.

Question 34

Erikson believed that a sense of industry,believing in and taking pleasure in one's ability to be productive,first emerges

A)in infancy.
B)in the preschool years.
C)in the elementary school years.
D)in adulthood.