Deck 3: A: Graphing Behavior and Measuring Change

Question 1

The two variables represented on a graph are:​

A) ​the independent and dependent variables
B) ​time and behavior
C) ​the extraneous and controlling variables
D) ​frequency and outcome

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The horizontal axis in a graph is used to record:​

A) ​behavior
B) ​time
C) change​
D) ​duration

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In an alternating treatments design,the baseline is implemented for a long period of time and then the treatment is implemented for a long period of time.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In a multiple baseline across behaviors design,treatment is first implemented for one behavior of the subject and is then implemented later for a second behavior of the same subject.​

Question 5

​Which of the following is NOT necessary for a graph to be complete?

A) ​phase lines
B) ​data points
C) ​x-axis and y-axis
D) ​behavior change

Question 6

There are ________ components necessary for a graph to be complete.​

A) ​four
B) ​six
C) ​eight
D) ​ten

Question 7

The units of behavior are labeled on the Y axis of a graph.​

Question 8

Data points should be connected across phase lines.​

Question 9

In the A-B-A-B reversal design,baseline and treatment are implemented twice for one behavior of one subject.​

Question 10

A functional relationship between the treatment and the behavior is demonstrated in a multiple baseline across subjects design when the behavior of each subject changes only after the treatment is implemented for that subject.​

Question 11

Phase labels on a graph are typically put below the X axis.​

Question 12

On a graph ___________ is indicated on the Y axis and ________________ is indicated on the X axis.​

A) ​time,behavior
B) ​behavior,time
C) ​frequency,duration
D) ​time,treatment

Question 13

​In behavior modification,the main way to document behavior change is through the use of a(n):

A) ​graph
B) ​questionnaire
C) ​interview
D) ​statistical analysis

Question 14

​A data point on a graph tells you:

A) ​when the behavior was recorded
B) ​the level of behavior
C) ​what is causing the behavior
D) ​A and B

Question 15

When you demonstrate that a behavior modification procedure caused a behavior to change,you are demonstrating a functional relationship.​

Question 16

Each data point on a graph shows you the level of the behavior at a particular point in time.​

Question 17

A vertical line on a graph indicating a change in treatment is called a:​

A) ​baseline
B) ​time line
C) ​phase line
D) ​treatment line

Question 18

A-B designs are frequently used in behavior modification research.​

Question 19

The level of the target behavior is recorded on the:​

A) ​horizontal axis
B) ​vertical axis
C) ​x-axis
D) ​abscissa

Question 20

​Which dimension(s)of behavior can be graphed?

A) ​frequency
B) ​duration
C) ​intensity
D) ​all of these

Question 21

Which research design does NOT control for the effect of confounding variables?​

A) ​A-B
B) ​A-B-A-B
C) ​changing-criterion
D) ​multiple-baseline

Question 22

A researcher is interested in measuring the hitting and screaming behaviors of a child,treating the hitting first,and treating the screaming later.To do this,the researcher would use a(n)____________ design.​

A) ​multiple-baseline-across-settings
B) ​multiple-baseline-across-behaviors
C) ​A-B-A-B
D) ​alternating treatments

Question 23

​To determine whether a new drug decreases self-injurious behavior,the researcher measures self-injurious behavior while giving a subject the drug on even numbered days and giving a placebo on odd numbered days for two weeks.This is an example of a(n)____________________ design.

A) ​multiple baseline across settings
B) ​changing criterion
C) ​multiple baseline across behaviors
D) ​alternating treatments

Question 24

In an A-B-A-B design,B refers to ______________ and A refers to _________________.​

A) ​baseline;assessment
B) ​baseline;treatment
C) ​treatment;baseline
D) ​dependent variable;independent variable

Question 25

A critical feature of multiple-baseline designs is that:​

A) ​baselines differ in length
B) ​treatment is staggered over time
C) ​A and B
D) ​none of these

Question 26

Which research design is referred to as a reversal design?​

A) ​A-B
B) ​A-B-A-B
C) ​Multiple-baseline
D) ​Changing-criterion

Question 27

To determine whether a new drug decreases self-injurious behavior,the researcher measures the self-injurious behavior of 3 children,and then gives the drug to the first child after one week.After two weeks of baseline,the second child gets the drug and after 3 weeks of baseline,the third child gets the drug.This is an example of a(n)___________ design.​

A) ​multiple baseline across subjects
B) ​changing criterion
C) ​multiple baseline across behaviors
D) ​alternating treatments

Question 28

Billy has trouble sitting still in class,so his teacher implements a program in which she praises Billy for staying in his seat.Billy's sitting behavior increases,and the teacher concludes her praise was responsible.The teacher does not realize Billy has started taking medication that causes fatigue.The medication would be an example of a(n)__________ variable.​

A) ​independent
B) ​extraneous
C) ​dependent
D) ​behavioral

Question 29

A researcher records a child's crying behavior when the child is at school and when the child is at home and provides treatment at school then at home.The researcher is using a(n)_____________ design.​

A) ​A-B-A-B
B) ​multiple-baseline-across-settings
C) ​changing-criterion
D) ​multiple-baseline-across-behaviors

Question 30

​A researcher demonstrates that receiving gold stickers for completing math problems increases the number of problems that a student finishes.The researcher has demonstrated a _____________ relationship between receiving gold stickers and completing math problems.

A) ​correlational
B) ​functional
C) ​perfect
D) ​two-way

Question 31

​What should be taken into account before using an A-B-A-B design?

A) ​Is it ethical to remove treatment?
B) ​Can treatment be removed?
C) ​Will the level of behavior reverse?
D) ​all of these

Question 32

​A researcher records the hair pulling behavior of three different children in a classroom and implements treatment at a different time for each child.The researcher is using a(n)_____________ design.

A) ​multiple-baseline-across-behaviors
B) ​multiple-baseline-across-subjects
C) ​alternating-treatments
D) ​changing-criterion

Question 33

In behavior modification,a research design is used to:​

A) ​determine if the treatment changed the behavior
B) ​control the target behavior
C) ​make it easier to change the behavior
D) ​A and B

Question 34

A teacher records the biting behavior of a child before and after treatment is implemented.This is an example of a(n)____________ design.​

A) A-B-A-B​
B) ​A-B
C) Multiple-baseline​
D) ​Alternating treatments

Question 35

Which of the following is a type of multiple-baseline design?​

A) ​across-subjects
B) ​across- staff
C) ​across-time
D) ​all of these

Question 36

The research design in which there are increasing (or decreasing)goal levels for the target behavior is referred to as a(n)____________ design.​

A) alternating-treatments​
B) ​changing-criterion
C) ​multiple-baseline
D) ​A-B-A-B

Question 37

In a(n)_____________ research design,baseline and treatment conditions are conducted in rapid succession and compared to each other.​

A) ​A-B-A-B
B) ​multiple-baseline
C) ​changing-criterion
D) ​alternating-treatments

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an A-B design?​

A) ​it is used to compare baseline and treatment
B) ​it is used in applied settings
C) ​it demonstrates a functional relationship
D) ​it is the simplest type of design

Question 39

​An A-B design does not demonstrate a functional relationship between the treatment and the target behavior because there is no:

A) ​change in the target behavior
B) statistical test of significance​
C) ​replication
D) ​validation

Question 40

​In behavior modification,a research design involves:

A) ​estimation
B) ​treatment implementation
C) ​replication
D) ​B and C

Question 41

In a multiple baseline across settings design,there is a baseline and treatment phase for ________ behavior(s)of _________ subject(s)in __________ setting(s).​

Question 42

Does the A-B design demonstrate a functional relationship? Why or why not?​

Question 43

In an A-B design,A= _________ and B= __________.​

Question 44

In a multiple baseline across behaviors design,there is a baseline and treatment phase for __________ behavior(s)of __________ subject(s).​

Question 45

In a(n)___________________ research design,there is a baseline and a treatment phase and,in the treatment phase,there are different criterion levels for the behavior.​

Question 46

In a multiple baseline across subjects design,there is a baseline and treatment phase for __________ behavior(s)of __________ subject(s).​

Question 47

A ________ is a visual representation of the occurrence of a behavior over time.​

Question 48

In a __________________ research design,baseline and treatment sessions occur in rapid succession.​

Question 49

What does it mean to say that treatment is staggered in a multiple baseline design?​