Deck 8: A: Respondent Conditioning

Question 1

If a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response similar to the unconditioned response as a result of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus,____________ conditioning has occurred.​

A) ​respondent
B) ​operant
C) ​instrumental
D) ​all of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Responses that are elicited by antecedent stimuli without any conditioning or learning taking place are referred to as ____________ responses.​

A) ​automatic
B) ​uncontrolled
C) ​conditioned
D) ​unconditioned

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A less intense stimulus will be a more effective US.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned response?​

A) ​an eye blink in response to a puff of air in the eye
B) ​pupil constriction due to bright light in the eye
C) ​salivation in response to food in the mouth
D) ​salivation in response to the sound of a dinner bell

Question 5

A response elicited by the conditioned stimulus is referred to as a(n)____________ response.​

A) ​learned
B) ​conditioned
C) ​unconditioned
D) ​automatic

Question 6

Stimulation that is painful to the body is as example of a(n)____________ stimulus.​

A) ​neutral
B) ​conditioned
C) ​unconditioned
D) ​environmental

Question 7

In respondent extinction,the target behavior is no longer reinforced.

Question 8

Ideally,the US should occur immediately before the onset of the NS.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of a conditioned response?​

A) ​a positive emotional response when a man smells his girlfriend's perfume
B) ​startle response in response to the sight of a gun
C) ​fear response (autonomic arousal)when walking down a dark street
D) ​startle response in response to loud noise

Question 10

One pairing between a neutral stimulus and a US is often sufficient to establish the neutral stimulus as a CS.

Question 11

A previously neutral stimulus that is able to elicit a response similar to the unconditioned response as a result of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus is called a ____________ stimulus.​

A) ​paired
B) ​secondary
C) ​dependent
D) ​conditioned

Question 12

Backward conditioning is most likely to result in respondent conditioning.

Question 13

Respondent and operant behaviors cannot occur together in the same situation.

Question 14

CERs are always negative.

Question 15

Unconditioned responses have survival value for the individual.

Question 16

In respondent extinction,the CS occurs without the US and eventually the CS no longer elicits a CR.

Question 17

In behavior modification,operant conditioning involves the manipulation of ____________ and respondent conditioning involves the manipulation of ____________.​

A) ​consequences;antecedent stimuli
B) ​antecedent stimuli;consequences
C) ​causes;effects
D) ​effects;causes

Question 18

A neutral stimulus becomes a CS by being paired with a US.

Question 19

During spontaneous recovery,the magnitude of the CR is usually smaller than the magnitude of the CR that occurred prior to extinction.

Question 20

Another name for respondent conditioning is​

A) ​instrumental conditioning
B) ​classical conditioning
C) ​operant conditioning
D) ​verbal conditioning

Question 21

As a result of being paired with a loud noise,a flashing light has come to elicit a startle reflex.When the flashing light is repeatedly presented without the loud noise,the startle reflex eventually stops occurring.This process in which a conditioned stimulus is no longer able to elicit a conditioned response is referred to as:​

A) ​respondent extinction
B) ​secondary conditioning
C) ​operant extinction
D) ​reverse conditioning

Question 22

In behavior modification,who was the first person to demonstrate the process of respondent conditioning?​

A) ​Freud
B) ​Watson
C) ​Pavlov
D) ​Skinner

Question 23

Which type of conditioning is it if the unconditioned stimulus is presented before the neutral stimulus ends?​

A) ​delay
B) ​trace
C) ​backward
D) ​concurrent

Question 24

Which of the following can develop through the process of respondent conditioning?​

A) ​generalization
B) ​discrimination
C) ​A and B
D) ​none of these

Question 25

Following extinction,a conditioned stimulus is presented and the conditioned response occurs.This process is referred to as:​

A) ​backward conditioning
B) ​reverse extinction
C) ​spontaneous recovery
D) ​reinforcement

Question 26

What will happen if the CS is presented many times in the absence of the US?​

A) ​the CS will elicit a CR
B) ​the CS will no longer elicit the CR
C) ​The US will no longer elicit a UR
D) ​B and C

Question 27

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the strength of respondent conditioning?​

A) ​temporal relationship between the NS and US
B) ​contingency between the NS and US
C) ​number of pairings of the NS and US
D) ​formal relationship between the NS and US

Question 28

When a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus due to pairing with an already established conditioned stimulus,it is called ____________ conditioning.​

A) ​first-order
B) ​higher-order
C) ​operant
D) ​instrumental

Question 29

In which temporal relationship between the unconditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus is the unconditioned stimulus presented after the neutral stimulus ends?​

A) ​delay conditioning
B) ​simultaneous conditioning
C) ​trace conditioning
D) ​backward conditioning

Question 30

In order for respondent conditioning to be most effective,the neutral stimulus should occur ____________ the unconditioned stimulus occurs.​

A) ​after
B) ​at the same time
C) ​before
D) ​more often than

Question 31

Which of the possible temporal relationships between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is least likely to be effective?​

A) ​delay conditioning
B) ​backward conditioning
C) ​trace conditioning
D) ​simultaneous conditioning

Question 32

Which type(s)of respondent conditioning is(are)generally most effective?​

A) ​trace
B) ​delay
C) ​simultaneous
D) ​A and B

Question 33

When a neutral stimulus is paired with a CS,the neutral stimulus will become a CS and elicit a CR.This process is called.​

A) ​spontaneous recovery
B) ​respondent extinction
C) ​higher-order conditioning
D) ​operant-respondent interaction

Question 34

Spontaneous recovery occurs when​

A) ​the behavior is no longer reinforced
B) ​a CS elicits a CR in the future after respondent extinction had taken place
C) ​a neutral stimulus can elicit a CR after one pairing with a US
D) ​the CS is no longer paired with the US

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned emotional response?​

A) ​fear
B) ​anger
C) ​happiness
D) ​all of these

Question 36

When the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are presented at the same time it is called ____________ conditioning.​

A) ​trace
B) ​simultaneous
C) ​delay
D) ​backward

Question 37

If the unconditioned stimulus is presented before the neutral stimulus it is referred to as ____________ conditioning.​

A) ​backward
B) ​forward
C) ​delay
D) ​trace

Question 38

The behavior that is elicited by the presence of an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus is referred to as __________ behavior.​

A) ​respondent
B) ​operant
C) ​automatic
D) ​learned

Question 39

In ____________ conditioning,a response is elicited by an antecedent stimulus,and conditioning involves the pairing of two stimuli.​

A) ​operant
B) ​respondent
C) ​instrumental
D) ​none of these

Question 40

The ____________ pairing of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus has the single strongest effect on respondent conditioning.​

A) ​initial
B) ​final
C) ​second
D) ​next to last

Question 41

When a neutral stimulus (NS)is paired with an already established CS and the NS becomes a CS,this is called .

Question 42

An unconditioned stimulus elicits a(n) .

Question 43

After respondent extinction occurred in which the dog no longer salivated to the sound of the metronome,later Pavlov presented the metronome and the dog began to salivate (to a lesser extent).This is called .

Question 44

Define respondent extinction.

Question 45

If Pavlov occasionally (1 out of 10 times)gave the dogs the meat powder following the sound of the metronome,the dogs would be more or less likely to salivate to the metronome.

Question 46

In ____________ conditioning a response is emitted,and conditioning involves a contingency between the response and the consequence.​

A) ​respondent
B) ​classical
C) ​Pavlovian
D) ​operant

Question 47

Provide 3 examples of unconditioned responses (identify the US and UR in each example.

Question 48

Respondent conditioning is not likely to occur when the NS ______________ (precedes / follows)the US.

Question 49

In respondent conditioning,how is discrimination developed? How is generalization developed?

Question 50

As a result respondent conditioning,the becomes a conditioned stimulus and elicits a(n) .

Question 51

The NS precedes the US and the presentation of the US does not overlap with the presentation of the NS.
​

Question 52

John is playing in the front yard when a big dog starts running and barking towards him.The dog attack makes John's heart beat faster and John runs into the house to get away from the dog.Identify both the respondent and operant behaviors that occurred.

Question 53

For respondent conditioning to be most effective,the US should _____________ (precede / follow)the NS.

Question 54

List 5 factors that influence respondent conditioning.

Question 55

When Pavlov presented the sound of the metronome repeatedly without putting the meat powder in the dog's mouth,the dog quit salivating to the metronome.What is this process? ___________________

Question 56

The NS is presented and the US is then presented before the termination of the NS.

Question 57

Respondent conditioning occurs when a(n) is paired with a(n) .