Deck 19: A: Promoting Generalization

Question 1

​In order to increase the probability that the target behavior will occur in all relevant situations following training,you should:

A) ​use punishment on competing behaviors
B) ​reinforce the behavior in the presence of the S-delta
C) ​program for generalization
D) ​conduct a task analysis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

​When should generalization of a behavior change be considered?

A) ​before training
B) ​during training
C) ​after training
D) ​all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

​Matthew's baseball coach is helping him improve his hitting.During practice the coach has the pitcher throw fast balls,curve balls,and sliders so that Matthew experiences a variety of pitches,and will be more likely to hit the ball successfully during a game.Which strategy for promoting generalization is the coach using?

A) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training
B) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
C) ​reinforcing occurrences of generalization
D) ​incorporating self-generated mediators of generalization

Answer 3

A

Question 4

​Joe attends a class in order to learn to use a computer.Joe takes notes during the class,and uses the notes to operate his own computer when he gets home.Using the notes from the computer class to use his computer at home is an example of which strategy for promoting generalization?

A) ​incorporating common stimuli
B) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
C) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training
D) ​self-generated mediators of generalization

Question 5

​Eric's basketball coach is helping him improve his passing skills.The coach teaches Eric how to throw a one-handed pass,a two-handed pass,and a bounce pass so that Eric will have a variety of passes he can throw when he is being guarded during a game.Which strategy for promoting generalization is the coach using with Eric?

A) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
B) ​incorporating common stimuli
C) ​reinforcing occurrences of generalization
D) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training

Question 6

​Which strategy for promoting generalization involves teaching skills that will lead to reinforcement in relevant situations in the natural environment?

A) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training
B) ​training skills that contact natural contingencies
C) ​reinforcing occurrences of generalization
D) ​incorporating common stimuli

Question 7

​A teacher is helping a withdrawn child to increase his interaction with other students.The teacher has the other children in the classroom smile and compliment the child when he talks to them.The teacher also instructs the other children not to laugh when the withdrawn child has problems speaking.Which strategy for promoting generalization is the teacher using?

A) ​modifying contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in the natural environment
B) ​training skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement
C) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training
D) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses

Question 8

​A psychologist is teaching a woman with intellectual disabilities the skills that she needs to clean her apartment.Training sessions are conducted in the woman's apartment,and the psychologist provides reinforcers when the woman demonstrates the proper cleaning skills.Which strategy for promoting generalization is the psychologist using?

A) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
B) ​reinforcing occurrences of generalization
C) ​training skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement
D) ​incorporating common stimuli into the training session

Question 9

​Which of the following is true concerning generalization?

A) ​behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli similar to the discriminative stimulus
B) ​a class of stimuli develops stimulus control over the behavior
C) ​behavior occurs in the presence of relevant stimuli outside the training situation
D) ​all of these

Question 10

​Functional intervention strategies that are used to decrease problem behaviors include all of the following except:

A) ​extinction
B) ​differential reinforcement
C) ​punishment
D) ​antecedent manipulations

Question 11

​Promoting generalization through the use of multiple training examples that sample from the range of relevant stimulus situations and response variations is referred to as ____________ programming.

A) ​higher order
B) ​multiple case
C) ​situational
D) ​general case

Question 12

​Identifying target stimulus situations and natural contingencies of reinforcement for the target behavior should take place:

A) ​prior to training
B) ​after training is complete
C) ​once training has begun
D) ​only if training is unsuccessful

Question 13

​Which of the following strategies for promoting generalization does NOT focus on reinforcing the target behavior outside the training situation?

A) ​reinforcing occurrences of generalization
B) ​modifying natural contingencies
C) ​incorporating common stimuli
D) ​training skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement

Question 14

​Which of the following factors can be manipulated in promoting generalization?

A) ​contingencies of reinforcement
B) ​stimuli used during training
C) ​range of responses trained
D) ​all of these

Question 15

​The first step in the treatment of a problem behavior is to:

A) ​eliminate the reinforcer for the problem behavior
B) ​conduct a functional assessment
C) ​select a punisher that will be effective in decreasing the problem behavior
D) ​remove the antecedents that are increasing the likelihood of the behavior occurring

Question 16

​A teacher is working with a student to help him improve his public speaking skills.The teacher has the student practice his speech in the room where he will be giving it to the rest of the class.Which strategy for promoting generalization utilizes some aspect of the target situation during training?

A) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
B) ​incorporating self-generated mediators of generalization
C) ​incorporating common stimuli
D) ​modifying natural contingencies of reinforcement and punishment

Question 17

​In behavior modification,the discriminative stimulus and other stimuli that are present during a training situation are referred to as ____________ stimuli.

A) ​target
B) ​generalized
C) ​criterion
D) ​training

Question 18

​Which of the following is an example of self-generated mediators of generalization?

A) ​self-instructions
B) ​using notes to cue appropriate behavior
C) ​self-recording
D) ​all of these

Question 19

​What does it mean to say that the treatment for a problem behavior has generalized?

A) ​the problem behavior is maintained over time
B) ​the problem behavior occurs in a number of similar situations
C) ​the problem behavior does not occur in all relevant situations
D) ​the problem behavior no longer occurs in the treatment setting

Question 20

​Strategies for promoting generalization of behavior change that involve arranging stimulus situations during training include:

A) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations
B) ​reinforcing occurrences of behavior
C) ​incorporating common stimuli
D) ​A and C

Question 21

​A child frequently engages in tantrums when requests are made of him by his parents and teachers.In order to promote a generalized reduction in the problem behavior,the child's behavior of complying with requests without engaging in tantrums is reinforced at home,in school,and in all other settings.Which strategy for promoting generalization is being used with the child?

A) ​incorporating common stimuli in training
B) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
C) ​incorporating a wide range of stimulus situations in training
D) ​reinforcing instances of generalization

Question 22

​The constructional approach to the treatment of problem behaviors involves:

A) ​focusing on the development of functionally equivalent alternative behaviors
B) ​eliminating reinforcement for replacement behaviors
C) ​focusing on the implementation of punishment to decrease a problem behavior
D) ​eliminating the problem behavior in only one setting in which it occurs

Question 23

​The strategy of modifying natural contingencies of reinforcement and punishment is used when:

A) ​it is possible to reinforce instances of generalization
B) ​instances of generalization can be punished
C) ​there are no existing natural contingencies to promote generalization
D) ​the behavior will be naturally reinforced in relevant situations

Question 24

​In order to teach a child to interact in an appropriate way with other children,a psychologist involves other children in the training sessions.Which strategy for promoting generalization utilizes some aspect of the target situation in training?

A) ​incorporating common stimuli
B) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training
C) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
D) ​training skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement

Question 25

​Different responses that achieve the same outcome are called ___________.

Question 26

​Which of the following is NOT a guideline for promoting a generalized reduction in problem behaviors?

A) ​focusing on functionally equivalent alternative behaviors
B) ​conducting a functional assessment for the problem behavior
C) ​planning for generalization once treatment has been successful
D) ​maintaining extinction or punishment contingencies

Question 27

​What is the most straightforward approach to promoting generalization? ___________

Question 28

​Teaching individuals a variety of different ways in which they can achieve the same outcome is referred to as teaching:

A) ​self-generated mediators of generalization
B) ​skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement
C) ​instances of generalization
D) ​a range of functionally equivalent responses

Question 29

Enhancing the likelihood that a behavior change will occur in all relevant situations in the person's life is called ___________.​

Question 30

​What is a functionally equivalent response for the behavior of screaming to get a teacher's attention? ___________

Question 31

​Another way to promote generalization if reinforcing the behavior outside of training sessions is not feasible,is to ___________.

Question 32

​Generalized reductions in problem behaviors are best achieved when there are generalized increases in ___________.

Question 33

​The strategy for promoting generalization that uses self-instructions as a cue to engage in the appropriate behavior is referred to as:

A) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training
B) ​training skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement
C) ​incorporating self-generated mediators of generalization
D) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses

Question 34

​One particular outcome that defines successful treatment for problem behaviors is the ___________ of the behavior change across all situations.

Question 35

​When reinforcing a behavior that occurs outside the training situation in the presence of relevant stimuli,the relevant stimuli develop ___________ over the behavior.

Question 36

​An elementary school teacher attends a conference on child management and takes several notes.When she returns to her classroom she looks over her notes before implementing some of the techniques she learned.The teacher's notes are an example of a ___________.

Question 37

​If ___________ contingencies are discontinued prematurely,there is a risk that the problem behavior may begin to occur more frequently.

Question 38

​Tommy frequently grabs toys from other children when he wants them.A psychologist is working with Tommy in order to get him to politely ask for toys when he wants them,and to get Tommy to share his toys with other children.As a result,Tommy is learning to interact with other children in a more appropriate way,and his behavior is more likely to be reinforced.Which strategy for promoting generalization is being used?

A) ​incorporating a range of relevant stimulus situations in training
B) ​training skills that tap into natural contingencies of reinforcement
C) ​teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
D) ​incorporating common stimuli

Question 39

​A psychologist is working with a child who becomes aggressive when he is teased by other children.The psychologist uses role plays involving examples of the problem situations that the child may face,in order to teach the child the appropriate skills necessary to deal with any situation that may arise.Which strategy for promoting generalization is being used?

A) ​modifying natural contingencies of reinforcement and punishment
B) ​incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training
C) ​incorporating self-generated mediators of generalization
D) ​training skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement

Question 40

​Which of the following should you focus on when trying to achieve a generalized reduction in a problem behavior?

A) ​minimizing positive reinforcement for alternative behaviors
B) ​training in situations that are different from the generalized environment
C) ​implementing punishment procedures to decrease the problem behavior
D) ​developing functionally equivalent alternative behaviors

Question 41

​There is often no history of reinforcement for problem behaviors prior to the beginning of a behavior modification intervention.

Question 42

​Self recording may be an example of a self-generated mediator of generalization.

Question 43

​What is a generalized reduction in a problem?

Question 44

​The only desired outcome in a behavior modification treatment is elimination of the problem behavior.

Question 45

​What does it mean to incorporate common stimuli?

Question 46

​To promote a generalized reduction in a problem behavior,it is best to plan for generalization in advance.

Question 47

​Describe general case programming.

Question 48

​Provide 2 examples of self generated mediators to promote generalization.

Question 49

​When an intervention consists only of an extinction or punishment procedure,a generalized reduction in the problem is unlikely to occur.

Question 50

​One way to promote generalization is to only reinforce the behavior in the training sessions.

Question 51

​You are training an adolescent with an intellectual disability how to use soft drink machines.What are some relevant stimulus situations you can incorporate into the training sessions?

Question 52

​What is likely to happen to the problem behavior if functionally equivalent alternative behaviors aren't used to replace the problem?

Question 53

​Improvement in functioning following treatment for a problem behavior is defined in what 3 ways?

Question 54

​If a child learns to hit a baseball from several different pitchers,standing in several different positions during practice,generalization has occurred.

Question 55

​One cannot determine in advance how many stimulus exemplars are sufficient for generalization to occur.

Question 56

​It is appropriate to use children as change agents responsible for the implementation of a behavior modification program as long as it is with another child.

Question 57

​It is important to only focus on one particular relevant situation when training an individual.