Deck 10: Motivating and Leading Employees

Question 1

A survey conducted by CareerBuilder revealed that managers placed a high priority on emotional intelligence when hiring.The survey also found that

A) women were more highly motivated than men.
B) managers put a higher priority on emotional intelligence than on mental intelligence.
C) immigrants were more highly motivated than any other group.
D) pay was not the most important motivating factor for workers.
E) the possibility of advancement was more important for men than for women.

Answer 1

B
managers put a higher priority on emotional intelligence than on mental intelligence.

Question 2

Compared to workers with high morale and job satisfaction,workers with poor morale and job dissatisfaction are

A) more productive.
B) more likely to quit.
C) more likely to be paid less than others.
D) less likely to have a good relationship with the boss.
E) more likely to prefer a participative management style.

Answer 2

B
more likely to quit.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the "Big 5" personality traits?

A) Agreeableness
B) Extroversion
C) Conscientiousness
D) Emotionality
E) Emotional intelligence

Answer 3

E
Emotional intelligence

Question 4

A good person-job fit is a situation in which _____.

A) the employee's contributions and the company's inducements balance
B) the employee's contributions slightly exceed the company's inducements
C) the company's inducements slightly exceed the employee's contributions
D) the person hired for the job is qualified for it
E) the person has the right psychological makeup for the job

Question 5

What is the meaning of the term "turnover" when dealing with people in the organization?

A) Turnover measures the departure of employees from the organization.
B) Turnover measures the rate at which the finished goods inventory is sold during the year.
C) Turnover is the mental attitude about the job.
D) Turnover reflects the number of grievances submitted by employees.
E) Turnover measures the profitability of the firm per employee.

Question 6

Sexton Corp.believes in the benefits of exercise for its workers because healthy employees take fewer sick days,are more focused on their job,and have a more positive mood.Sexton has therefore instituted a new policy that asks all workers to exercise for up to three hours per week during work hours.The exercise policy assumes which of the following?

A) Exercise is the most effective way to improve the mood of the workers.
B) Workers will exercise more strenuously at work than they would do on their own.
C) The typical employee will not exercise more unless forced to.
D) The policy won't require the company to purchase any special equipment.
E) Employees who will exercise during the work day are not getting enough exercise.

Question 7

Terry experiences a high degree of enjoyment from performing his job.The term that identifies this enjoyment is known as

A) conscientiousness.
B) human relations.
C) motivation.
D) job satisfaction.
E) extroversion.

Question 8

_____ reflects a person's comfort level with relationships.

A) Conscientiousness
B) Extroversion
C) Agreeableness
D) Openness
E) Emotionality

Question 9

The Human Resources department of a large organization wants to measure the personality traits of potential employees.The job applicants are told that they should feel free to answer honestly,and that all responses will be anonymous.The Human Resources department should be skeptical about all the following EXCEPT:

A) the applicants may not believe that the responses will truly be anonymous.
B) the applicants may not be able to accurately measure their own personality traits.
C) the applicants may deliberately exaggerate their positive characteristics.
D) the applicants' responses may not show any connection between personality and job performance.
E) the applicants' responses may reflect their mood only at the time of the test.

Question 10

Self-awareness,empathy,and social skills are all part of _____.

A) attitudes
B) emotional intelligence
C) personality
D) self-esteem
E) organizational citizenship

Question 11

A(n)_____ contract is the set of expectations held by employees concerning what they will contribute to an organization and what the organization will provide in return.

A) psychological
B) employee
C) inducements/contribution
D) leadership
E) attitudinal

Question 12

The benefits from having satisfied employees include all of the following except

A) less productivity.
B) harder effort to make a contribution.
C) greater commitment to work.
D) fewer complaints.
E) usually better attendance.

Question 13

________ refers to the degree of enjoyment that people get while performing their jobs,while _______ refers to the overall attitude people have toward their workplace.

A) Organizational commitment; morale
B) Morale,organizational commitment
C) Motivation; human relations
D) Job satisfaction; morale
E) Morale; job satisfaction

Question 14

All of the following are counterproductive behaviours except

A) theft.
B) sabotage.
C) sexual harassment.
D) lack of motivation.
E) workplace aggression.

Question 15

Generally speaking,job applicants are likely to be motivated to give inflated estimates of all of the following items EXCEPT:

A) emotional stability,including the person's ability to withstand stress.
B) conscientiousness,a measure of reliability.
C) agreeableness,a measure of the ability to cooperate.
D) risk-taking,a measure of eagerness to take chances.
E) self-monitoring,a measure of the ability to alter one's behaviour.based on external factors

Question 16

Which of the following is not an organizational benefit of satisfied workers?

A) Fewer grievances
B) High turnover
C) Increased commitment to the employer
D) More loyalty to the organization
E) Higher level of effort

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding employee behaviour?

A) Most employees in similar industries perform similarly.
B) Employee behaviours contribute directly to productivity and performance.
C) Employee behaviours contribute indirectly to productivity and performance.
D) Organizational citizenship behaviours are the total set of work-related behaviours that the organization expects employees to display.
E) Theft and sabotage result in indirect financial costs for an organization.

Question 18

Organizational citizenship refers to _____.

A) employee behaviour that contributes to the organization's bottom line
B) behaviour of employees who make a positive overall contribution to the organization
C) those behaviours that are always easily defined and measured
D) those behaviours that detract from organizational performance
E) an employee who refuses to work overtime

Question 19

Christine is a programmer for a software company.In terms of a psychological contract,her _____ include her education,skills,effort,time,and energy,while her ________ include a good place to work,nice benefits,and a large salary.

A) promises; commitments
B) commitments; satisfaction
C) contributions; inducements
D) inducements; contributions
E) satisfaction; commitments

Question 20

Agreeableness,emotionality,and extroversion are all part of _____.

A) EQ
B) emotional intelligence
C) personality
D) attitude
E) organizational commitment

Question 21

A manager makes several changes in his employees' working environment to see if morale increases.Assuming the Hawthorne Effect is operating,which of the following is most likely to result?

A) Employees will be annoyed with the changes.
B) Some of the changes will work better than others.
C) There will be no effect because the cause of the employees' morale problems has not been identified.
D) No environmental changes can be made in the employees' work environment due to the nature of their work.
E) Employee productivity will increase irrespective of which changes are made.

Question 22

If managers were to implement lessons learned from the Hawthorne Studies,they would

A) eliminate informal groups as they are relatively unimportant.
B) pay workers a higher wage as it would cause them to increase their production.
C) have managers who used the Theory X principles.
D) pay more attention to employees.
E) none of these.

Question 23

What motivates workers,according to the classical theory of scientific management?

A) Workers are motivated by desirable working conditions.
B) Workers are motivated by the amount of social interaction on the job.
C) There are five levels of human needs with the individual being motivated by a higher level need only after the lower needs have been satisfied.
D) Workers are motivated by their level of responsibility.
E) Workers are motivated solely by money.

Question 24

What was the result of the Hawthorne studies that puzzled the researchers?

A) The redesigned jobs made the work easier and faster for the employees
B) Worker productivity increased when pay was increased
C) Productivity went up when the amount of lighting was increased
D) The differential percent pay system was ineffective in increasing productivity
E) Increased lighting levels improved productivity,but so did lowering lighting levels

Question 25

What is the "Hawthorne Effect"?

A) The observed effect that pay is an important motivator for workers
B) An increase in employee output caused by almost any management action which makes workers believe that they are receiving special attention
C) Increased lighting levels caused increased productivity
D) The human need for self-fulfillment
E) The discovery that the informal group at work can counteract management objectives

Question 26

What conclusions did business managers draw from scientific management?

A) Because salary is a hygiene factor,wages do not motivate workers to produce more.
B) The informal group was relatively unimportant.
C) Goal setting increased worker output.
D) Business firms had to provide for food,water,shelter,and sleep for their workers to increase output.
E) Paying workers a higher wage and redesigning the job into simple tasks would dramatically increase output.

Question 27

What was the original intent of the Hawthorne studies?

A) To study the relationships within a hierarchy of human needs
B) To examine the relationship between changes in workers' physical environments and worker output
C) To measure the impact of employee satisfaction on employee output
D) To redesign jobs at the Western Electric Plant
E) To assist Henry Ford in the layout of an assembly line

Question 28

Patricia and Gita were debating the meaning of the term "psychological contract." Patricia would be correct if her meaning encompassed

A) the level of anxiety each employee displays when working.
B) the contract signed when taking a stress leave.
C) the set of expectations held by an employee concerning what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization will provide for the employee in return.
D) the satisfaction of each employee with regard to their paycheque.
E) the emotional role each employee plays in relationship to other employees.

Question 29

Steve is trying to increase the productivity of his workers.He decides to offer an incentive of 25 cents for each unit over the average number produced in the last 3 weeks.Steve is following the ________ theory of motivation.

A) equity
B) two-factor
C) Theory X
D) classical
E) hierarchy of needs

Question 30

Among the flaws of scientific management is that it

A) does not recognize the importance of money as a motivator.
B) does time-and-motion studies.
C) was a success only with manual labour jobs.
D) doesn't see that there are factors other than money that contribute to job satisfaction.
E) relies too much on input from employees.

Question 31

Which of the following is correct regarding scientific management?

A) Job analysis permitted the breakdown of the jobs into easily repeated tasks,which increased the production rate.
B) Improved lighting increased the production rate.
C) Individual workers received lower wages even though their production increased.
D) Firms permitted their employees to determine how the job would be performed.
E) All of these.

Question 32

The classical theory of motivation says that

A) workers are motivated when attention is paid to them by supervisors.
B) workers are motivated almost solely by money.
C) workers are motivated almost solely by status.
D) there are many different factors that contribute to motivation.
E) some factors prevent dissatisfaction and some factors contribute to satisfaction.

Question 33

What conclusions did business managers draw from the Hawthorne studies?

A) Managers need to have an equally high concern for production and people.
B) Paying workers a higher wage would cause them to increase their production.
C) Paying attention to employees is a good business practice.
D) The informal group was relatively unimportant.
E) Improving lighting increases productivity.

Question 34

Motivation is

A) a characteristic in employees over which management has no control.
B) the set of forces that causes people to behave in certain ways.
C) a characteristic only of middle and upper management.
D) an inner characteristic that employees either have or don't have.
E) something that allows management to step aside and let the workers take control.

Question 35

Time and motion studies

A) are important for Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Model.
B) determine how best to perform a job most efficiently.
C) helped with the Hawthorne studies.
D) are crucial for improving human resources.
E) are conducted by aerospace engineers.

Question 36

XYZ Enterprises has just downsized,eliminating the middle-management positions into which many entry-level managers had hoped to be promoted.How might this affect XYZ Enterprises?

A) Employees at XYZ will likely see fewer inducements.
B) The psychological contract will likely be easier to manage now.
C) The person-job fit is likely to be more on target now.
D) XYZ will likely see more contributions from employees.
E) There will be little change.

Question 37

David thinks his workers are naturally lazy and uncooperative and must therefore be either punished or rewarded to be made productive.David subscribes to the theory of motivation called

A) the hierarchy of needs.
B) Theory Y.
C) Theory X.
D) two-factor theory.
E) expectancy theory.

Question 38

Kathy believes that her workers are naturally energetic,growth-oriented,self-motivated,and interested in being productive.Her beliefs closely parallel the ________ theory of motivation.

A) Theory Y
B) Theory X
C) two-factor theory
D) expectancy theory
E) hierarchy of needs

Question 39

Which theory suggests to managers that they determine how to perform each job most efficiently?

A) Litwin's theory of organizational effect
B) Equity theory
C) The Hawthorne effect
D) Scientific management
E) Expectancy theory

Question 40

The concept of finding the "one best way" to do a job was a key feature of

A) scientific management.
B) Herzberg's two-factor theory.
C) Maslow's study of human needs.
D) the Hawthorne studies.
E) expectancy theory.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a characteristic belief of a Theory X manager?

A) People are lazy.
B) People want to contribute to business growth and change.
C) People dislike responsibility.
D) People are not very bright.
E) People resist change.

Question 42

L-Corporation emphasizes the company's good pension benefits when recruiting new workers.Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is being addressed by this employer?

A) Security
B) Social
C) Physiological
D) Retirement
E) Self actualization

Question 43

Samantha is finally publishing her first computer manual.According to Maslow,which need is being met?

A) Physiological
B) Ego
C) Security
D) Self-actualization
E) Concern for production

Question 44

Which of the following is a motivating factor from Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A) Good supervision
B) A challenging job
C) Salary
D) Company policy
E) Social interaction

Question 45

Regarding the two-factor theory,which one of the following statements is true?

A) The opposite of dissatisfaction is satisfaction.
B) Hygiene factors impact dissatisfaction.
C) The opposite of satisfaction is dissatisfaction.
D) Hygiene factors deal with the content of the job.
E) None of these.

Question 46

"Smith! Jones! You good-for-nothing,lazy,freeloading know-it-alls!" This statement exemplifies a ________ approach to motivation.

A) expectancy theory
B) equity theory
C) Theory Y
D) hierarchy of needs
E) Theory X

Question 47

Harriet thinks that Maslow's hierarchy of needs model is very relevant for her workers.She also knows that their physiological needs are being met.What can she do to satisfy her workers' concerns about the next level of need?

A) Sponsor more social events at work
B) Give higher-status job titles
C) Create a sense of belonging to the company
D) Improve workers' job security
E) Give challenging job assignments

Question 48

The two-factor theory states that

A) there are two aspects to motivation: content,which deals with the content of a job,and environment,which deals with satisfaction.
B) there are two aspects to motivation: hygienes,which prevent dissatisfaction,and motivators,which contribute to satisfaction.
C) there are two factors that increase job satisfaction.
D) there are two aspects to motivation: hygienes,which contribute to satisfaction,and motivators,which prevent dissatisfaction.
E) recognition of the completion of a difficult task is an important factor.

Question 49

Which of the following is true about the hierarchy of needs theory?

A) Once a need has been satisfied it will always become a motivator.
B) People's individual needs do not vary much.
C) Lower-level needs must be met before higher-level needs emerge.
D) Higher-level needs must be met before lower-level needs emerge.
E) The more a need is satisfied,the more it becomes a motivator.

Question 50

Maslow's hierarchy of needs shows which of the following five needs in order starting from the lowest needs?

A) Psychological,physiological,esteem,social,and self-actualization needs
B) Physiological,social,esteem,security,and self-actualization needs
C) Physiological,security,esteem,social,and self-actualization needs
D) Physiological,security,social,esteem,and self-actualization needs
E) Psychological,security,social,esteem,and self-actualization needs

Question 51

A theory Y manager

A) believes that people's social and esteem needs must be met by the organization.
B) believes that people are naturally irresponsible and must be threatened in order to be productive.
C) has a high concern for production and an equally high concern for people.
D) believes that people are naturally cooperative and interested in being productive.
E) believes that the most important needs are security and esteem needs.

Question 52

In Herzberg's two-factor theory,which of the following would be the MOST reliable indication that a morale problem in a work team is primarily due to a lack of motivators?

A) Team members like the building and location where they work.
B) A survey of team members shows that most of them have a good sense of how important their work is.
C) Some of the team members have difficulty relating to each other.
D) Deidra's team members report getting negative messages about customers from other parts of the company.
E) Team members have not expressed any dissatisfaction with their work conditions.

Question 53

Theory Y assumptions include all of the following except

A) people are energetic.
B) people are intelligent.
C) people resist change.
D) people can be selfless.
E) people are ambitious.

Question 54

If the following facts were known,which one would provide the strongest support for thinking that a manager is operating under Theory X assumptions?

A) The manager arranges one-on-one meetings with employees to gauge their sources of dissatisfaction.
B) The manager gives all of his employees a raise in order to increase their morale.
C) The manager introduces tighter rules in order to increase productivity.
D) The manager assumes that there is something wrong with the conditions under which his employees work.
E) The manager surveys employees to determine what would make them work more productively.

Question 55

John wants to help his employees satisfy their self-actualization needs.What should he do?

A) Provide a challenging job
B) Provide a wage high enough to buy food and provide for shelter
C) Provide a respected job title and a large office
D) Offer a social network at the business
E) Offer a pension plan

Question 56

Which is the best illustration of a Theory X manager?

A) Believes that people's social and esteem needs must be met by the organization
B) Believes that people are naturally energetic,responsible,and interested in being productive
C) Believes that people are naturally irresponsible,uncooperative,and must be threatened in order to be productive
D) Has a high concern for production and an equally high concern for people
E) Believes that people want to balance inputs and output

Question 57

The people who work for Frank are very dissatisfied.Assuming that Maslow's hierarchy is correct,which of the following actions is the likely best first step to motivate his subordinates?

A) Improve their pay and job security
B) Restructure their jobs so they are more interesting
C) Create more opportunity for subordinates to learn new things
D) Institute an "employee of the month" program
E) Delegate more responsibility to employees

Question 58

A fundamental presumption in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is

A) security needs are more important than physiological needs.
B) self-actualization needs can never really be satisfied.
C) social needs are less important than esteem needs.
D) a satisfied need is not a motivator.
E) social needs are more important than all other needs.

Question 59

Tim tries to motivate his employees by making sure that pay and working conditions meet employee expectations and then providing employees with responsibility and recognition.Tim likely subscribes to the ________ theory of motivation.

A) scientific management
B) hierarchy of needs
C) two-factor
D) equity
E) expectancy

Question 60

In the hierarchy of needs model,all of the following would have to be satisfied before an individual would seek status and a job title except

A) a decent pension plan.
B) friends at work.
C) a decent salary.
D) a challenging job.
E) a secure place to live.

Question 61

Joe wonders,"If I work hard,will I get a pay raise?" Joe then concludes that "No,I won't receive a raise." This illustrates

A) Theory X.
B) scientific theory.
C) expectancy theory.
D) negative attitudes.
E) equity theory.

Question 62

A football team signed a rookie defensive back at a higher rate of pay than most of its veterans were paid.After that,the team almost immediately began to play more poorly.This decline can best be explained using

A) goal-setting theory.
B) equity theory.
C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
D) two-factor theory.
E) expectancy theory.

Question 63

Which of the following is correct with respect to Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A) Only the presence of money can increase employee job satisfaction.
B) Herzberg's hygiene factors are roughly equivalent to Maslow's lower-level needs.
C) If good hygiene factors are present,an employee will be satisfied.
D) If motivation factors are present,an employee will not be dissatisfied.
E) It has two parts: Theory X and Theory Y.

Question 64

In managing her workers,Mary first makes sure that they have good supervision and working conditions before she focuses on things like providing a challenging job.What motivational theory is she applying?

A) Equity theory
B) Theory X and Y
C) Jacob's three-factor theory of motivation
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
E) Two-factor theory

Question 65

Pay,praise,promotions,suspensions,and firings are examples of

A) reinforcement.
B) job enrichment.
C) empowerment.
D) participation.
E) management by objectives.

Question 66

Marlene is a strong believer in reinforcement as a strategy for motivating people to do good work.She therefore presents desired consequences to employees when they exhibit behaviour she desires.She is using

A) punishment.
B) omission.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) negative reinforcement.
E) none of these.

Question 67

Which theory assumes that employees assign a value (relatively desirable or relatively undesirable)to outcomes resulting from various levels of effort?

A) Relativity
B) Equity
C) Expectancy
D) Goal setting
E) Macintosh's theory of workplace values

Question 68

Joe was hired out of college for a starting salary of $55 000 a year.Two months after he started he found out that Nancy was hired at the same time for $65 000.At first he was angry but then he found out that she had five years of previous experience and that she knew two more computer languages than he did.Then he wasn't angry anymore.This illustrates the ________ motivation theory.

A) two-factor
B) expectancy
C) hierarchy of needs
D) human relations
E) equity

Question 69

Larry's subordinates are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.Of the following,which is the best move to create satisfaction among his subordinates,assuming that Larry subscribes to Herzberg's ideas?

A) Improve the company policies on vacation time
B) Spend more time with them to get to know them better
C) Delegate more responsibility to them
D) Get everyone new desks and equipment
E) Increase everyone's pay

Question 70

Harry believes that the best way to change behaviour is to apply unpleasant consequences when workers don't behave properly.Harry is using ______.

A) punishment
B) omission
C) positive reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement
E) none of these

Question 71

Equity theory says that people analyze their ________ relative to their ________.

A) inputs; outputs
B) theory x; theory y
C) motivation factors; hygiene factors
D) reinforcement; behaviour modification
E) money; benefits

Question 72

Marshall thinks that the best way to stop undesirable behaviour on the part of his subordinates is to simply ignore it.Marshall is using ________ as a strategy.

A) punishment
B) omission
C) positive reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement
E) none of these

Question 73

Sally believes that the best way to change behaviour is to withhold positive consequences if employees exhibit undesirable behaviour.

A) Punishment
B) Omission
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Negative reinforcement
E) None of these

Question 74

Annie offered all her subordinates a free dinner at a well-known Mexican restaurant if they reduced their error rate to 2 percent.The error rate stayed the same and later she found out that no one liked Mexican food.This is an illustration of the ________ theory of motivation.

A) equity
B) expectancy
C) human relations
D) two-factor
E) hierarchy of needs

Question 75

Which of the following theories suggest that people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining?

A) Scientific management
B) Equity theory
C) Expectancy theory
D) Two-factor theory
E) Goal-setting theory

Question 76

Paying bonuses to salespeople who exceed quotas is an example of

A) job enrichment.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) participation.
D) empowerment.
E) management by objectives.

Question 77

In order to motivate his subordinates,Phil has offered them all a free dinner if they can complete a large project they are working on by the end of the month.But everyone thinks that the input they need won't be received in time for them to complete their report.In this situation,there is a problem with the __________ issue.

A) performance-rewards
B) personal goals.
C) effort-performance
D) rewards-personal goals
E) none of these

Question 78

Tina is the most productive employee in her department.When her manager retires,Tina doesn't apply for the job,in spite of her excellent record and the pay and prestige associated with the job.She believes that the job will go to someone who has more seniority.Based on expectancy theory,Tina doesn't apply for the job based on

A) the performance-rewards issue.
B) her personal goals.
C) the effort-performance issue.
D) the rewards-personal goals issue.
E) none of these.

Question 79

Don has started to arrive at work on time in order to avoid getting hollered at by his boss.Don is responding to what reinforcement strategy?

A) Punishment
B) Omission
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Negative reinforcement
E) None of these

Question 80

Which theory focuses on people evaluating their treatment by the organization relative to the way that someone else was treated?

A) Expectancy
B) Hygiene factor
C) The Baylor effect
D) Goal setting
E) Equity