Deck 16: Swallowing: Process and Disorders

Question 1

Silent aspiration occurs when a patient

A)Is unaware that material has entered the airway
B)Is aware that material has entered the airway but attempts to hide this from his family and medical staff
C)Produces an inaudible cough in response to material entering the airway
D)Is aware that material has entered the airway but cannot cough to clear it

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Ho suffered a stroke 2 days ago.He has been referred for a swallowing evaluation.The main goal of the examination is to determine

A)Types of foods Mr.Ho is willing to eat.
B)Level of risk for aspiration.
C)Impact of culture on treatment.
D)Extent of neurological impairment affecting Mr.Ho's swallow.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Studies have shown that persons over the age of 70 take longer to swallow than persons under the age of 70.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

There are 12 cranial nerves,all of which have been shown to participate in the swallowing process.

Question 5

All of the swallowing specialists on the East Coast decide to participate in the Crest® toothpaste campaign to select the next flavor of Crest Whitening Expressions®.The flavor most likely to be selected by a majority of the speech-language pathologists is

A)Herbal mint
B)Lemon ice
C)Tropical exotica
D)Sweet berry punch

Question 6

L.experienced a bilateral brainstem stroke involving the pons and the medulla.She presents with severe dysphagia.Her prognosis for recovering some or all of her swallowing function is

A)Good with use of compensatory strategies
B)Poor
C)Excellent with a diet restricted to pureed foods
D)Dependent on her willingness to participate in therapy

Question 7

B.experienced a left hemispheric stroke producing a lesion in the frontal,temporal and parietal lobes.Her impairments include mixed aphasia,unilateral vocal fold paralysis,unilateral pharyngeal weakness and unilateral epiglottic dysfunction.The results of the instrumental examination revealed that Mrs.B.experiences significant residue in the vallecula and pyriform sinus after swallowing,placing her at risk for aspiration.

A)The speech-language pathologist decides to teach Mrs.B head rotation to the left side to narrow laryngeal entrance and to eliminate the damaged side of the pharynx from the pathway of the swallow.
B)The speech-language pathologist decides to teach Mrs.B head rotation to the right side to narrow laryngeal entrance and to eliminate the damaged side of the pharynx from the pathway of the swallow
C)The speech-language pathologist decides to teach Mrs.B.the Mendelsohn maneuver.
D)The speech-language pathologist recommends NPO status for Mrs.B.

Question 8

Normal swallowing takes place on the inspiration phase of the respiration cycle.

Question 9

The Jolly Rancher takes a trip.He begins his journey in an open space.This space is bound by lips and teeth on the eastern border,the hard and soft palates and teeth on the northern border,the tongue and teeth on the southern border and the faucial pillars and velopharyngeal port on the western border.The location of the Jolly Rancher is the

A)Oral cavity
B)Nasal cavity
C)Pharynx
D)Laryngeal region

Question 10

A widely distributed neural network,involving the left and right hemispheres,is believed to be responsible for swallowing.

Question 11

The speech-language pathologist wants to measure treatment outcomes for patients learning to use the Mendolsohn maneuver to manage their risk of aspiration.She decides to recruit participants for her study from the Longview Rehabilitation Center.The speech-language pathologist will probably be most successful with completing her study if she plans her investigation using a

A)Class I methodology
B)Class II methodology
C)Class III methodology
D)Class IV methodology

Question 12

The normal swallow consists of two phases,oral and pharyngeal.

Question 13

Swallowing worsens over time for patients with vascular,infectious or trauma-induced conditions.

Question 14

Infants who cannot coordinate the timing of breathing with swallowing should be breast-fed.

Question 15

During the normal swallow,the vocal folds open to protect the airway.

Question 16

The swallowing evaluation will be conducted in three phases,in the following order

A)Instrumental swallow study,clinical examination,patient/family interview
B)Clinical examination,instrumental study,patient/family interview
C)Patient/family interview,clinical examination,instrumental study
D)Patient/family interview,instrumental study,clinical examination

Question 17

Variations in how we swallow will occur because of texture,viscosity and volume differences of the materials we ingest.

Question 18

Swallowing may be viewed as a patterned,programmed response characterized by reflexive and voluntary components.

Question 19

As the Jolly Rancher is enjoying his rolling back and forth,and up and down in this well-moistened space,he notices the tongue beginning to elevate,forcefully propelling him towards the western border.He tries to force himself to move eastward,but he finds that he has entered the 'zone of no return'.His presence in the 'zone,' also known as the velopharyngeal port,triggers a series of events that he cannot stop.The Jolly Rancher has just completed the

A)Oral preparatory phase of the swallow
B)Oral stage of the swallow
C)Pharyngeal phase of the swallow
D)Esophageal phase of the swallow

Question 20

The Jolly Rancher cannot end his journey now.A series of wavelike motions carry him past Hotel Vallecula.He stops to see the Pyriform Sinuses,but not for long.Soon he reaches the UES that opens up and takes him in.The Jolly Rancher is about to begin the final phase of his swallow journey.This phase is called the

A)Oral preparatory phase
B)Oral stage
C)Pharyngeal stage
D)Esophageal stage

Question 21

Direct treatment for dysphagia involves the use of food.Indirect treatment does not.