Exam 16: Swallowing: Process and Disorders

The Jolly Rancher takes a trip.He begins his journey in an open space.This space is bound by lips and teeth on the eastern border,the hard and soft palates and teeth on the northern border,the tongue and teeth on the southern border and the faucial pillars and velopharyngeal port on the western border.The location of the Jolly Rancher is the

Direct treatment for dysphagia involves the use of food.Indirect treatment does not.

The normal swallow consists of two phases,oral and pharyngeal.

The Jolly Rancher cannot end his journey now.A series of wavelike motions carry him past Hotel Vallecula.He stops to see the Pyriform Sinuses,but not for long.Soon he reaches the UES that opens up and takes him in.The Jolly Rancher is about to begin the final phase of his swallow journey.This phase is called the

Variations in how we swallow will occur because of texture,viscosity and volume differences of the materials we ingest.

Normal swallowing takes place on the inspiration phase of the respiration cycle.

Swallowing worsens over time for patients with vascular,infectious or trauma-induced conditions.

A widely distributed neural network,involving the left and right hemispheres,is believed to be responsible for swallowing.

All of the swallowing specialists on the East Coast decide to participate in the Crest® toothpaste campaign to select the next flavor of Crest Whitening Expressions®.The flavor most likely to be selected by a majority of the speech-language pathologists is

Infants who cannot coordinate the timing of breathing with swallowing should be breast-fed.

There are 12 cranial nerves,all of which have been shown to participate in the swallowing process.

The speech-language pathologist wants to measure treatment outcomes for patients learning to use the Mendolsohn maneuver to manage their risk of aspiration.She decides to recruit participants for her study from the Longview Rehabilitation Center.The speech-language pathologist will probably be most successful with completing her study if she plans her investigation using a

B.experienced a left hemispheric stroke producing a lesion in the frontal,temporal and parietal lobes.Her impairments include mixed aphasia,unilateral vocal fold paralysis,unilateral pharyngeal weakness and unilateral epiglottic dysfunction.The results of the instrumental examination revealed that Mrs.B.experiences significant residue in the vallecula and pyriform sinus after swallowing,placing her at risk for aspiration.

As the Jolly Rancher is enjoying his rolling back and forth,and up and down in this well-moistened space,he notices the tongue beginning to elevate,forcefully propelling him towards the western border.He tries to force himself to move eastward,but he finds that he has entered the 'zone of no return'.His presence in the 'zone,' also known as the velopharyngeal port,triggers a series of events that he cannot stop.The Jolly Rancher has just completed the

Silent aspiration occurs when a patient

During the normal swallow,the vocal folds open to protect the airway.

Studies have shown that persons over the age of 70 take longer to swallow than persons under the age of 70.

Swallowing may be viewed as a patterned,programmed response characterized by reflexive and voluntary components.

The swallowing evaluation will be conducted in three phases,in the following order

L.experienced a bilateral brainstem stroke involving the pons and the medulla.She presents with severe dysphagia.Her prognosis for recovering some or all of her swallowing function is