Deck 53: Evaluating Psychotherapies

Question 1

The treatment of depression with ECT best illustrates

A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Since the 1950s,most mental health hospitals have emptied as a result of the introduction of effective

A) drug therapies and community-based treatment programs.
B) drug therapies.
C) community-based treatment programs.
D) psychotherapy.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

During her first session with her psychoanalyst,Jackie is told to lie down on the office couch while the therapist sits behind her.She is told to talk about any thoughts that come to mind and not to block any thoughts.Jackie's psychotherapist is using

A) active listening.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) exposure therapy.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote

A) transference.
B) counterconditioning.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) insight.

Question 5

As a therapist,Dr.Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization.She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool,and she frequently makes use of free association.Dr.Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as

A) psychoanalytic.
B) client-centered,
C) behavioral.
D) eclectic.

Question 6

Free association involves the

A) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
B) repeated association of a relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
C) uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind.
D) replacement of a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response.

Question 7

To help people bring their repressed feelings into conscious awareness,Freud used the technique called

A) psychoanalysis.
B) insight therapy.
C) nondirective therapy.
D) behavior therapy.

Question 8

Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as

A) counterconditioning.
B) active listening.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 9

Dr.Zander applies psychological techniques to treat various psychological disorders.Dr.Zander is using

A) psychoanalysis.
B) insight therapy.
C) psychotherapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

Question 10

The use of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia best illustrates

A) biomedical therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) cognitive therapy.

Question 11

The underlying theme of ________ is to help the person reduce growth-impeding inner conflicts.

A) psychoanalysis
B) insight therapy
C) nondirective therapy
D) behavior therapy

Question 12

In psychoanalysis,a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) counterconditioning.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 13

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to bring ________ feelings and thoughts into conscious awareness.

A) repressed
B) transferred
C) resisted
D) discharged

Question 14

Sheena's therapist tells her to relax,close her eyes,and state aloud whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or absurd it seems.The therapist is using a technique that is central to

A) client-centered therapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 15

Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients

A) focus on their immediate conscious feelings.
B) feel more trusting toward others.
C) become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses.
D) develop greater self-esteem.

Question 16

Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia would generally be best described as

A) psychoanalysis.
B) psychotherapy.
C) insight therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

Question 17

Which of the following therapists introduced the use of free association?

A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Aaron Beck
D) Mary Cover Jones

Question 18

Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience,he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session.A therapist using psychoanalysis would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) counterconditioning.
D) insight.

Question 19

Who pushed for the construction of mental hospitals?

A) Sigmund Freud and Jonathan Shedler
B) David Shapiro and Carl Rogers
C) Joseph Wolpe and Aaron Beck
D) Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix

Question 20

Psychoanalysis would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains the process of

A) systematic desensitization.
B) free association.
C) dream interpretation.
D) repression.

Question 21

Mr.Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist,who is consistently friendly,caring,and helpful.A therapist using psychoanalysis would most likely consider Mr.Phillips's hostility to be an example of

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) counterconditioning.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 22

The psychodynamic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as

A) behavior therapies.
B) biomedical therapies.
C) insight therapies.
D) eclectic therapies.

Question 23

Which form of therapy is most likely to be described as expensive and time-consuming?

A) systematic desensitization
B) client-centered therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) cognitive therapy

Question 24

Psychoanalysis is most likely to involve

A) attending to patients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapist.
B) associating a patient's undesirable behavior with unpleasant experiences.
C) repeating or rephrasing what a patient says during the course of therapy.
D) helping patients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.

Question 25

Humanistic therapies aim to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping them to grow in

A) progressive relaxation.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) self-acceptance.

Question 26

The interpretation of dreams is most closely associated with

A) cognitive therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 27

Ron reported dreaming that he was attacked by a large dog.His psychoanalyst suggested that the dog symbolically represented Ron's father,who sometimes mistreated him as a child.The analyst's suggestion best illustrates the practice of

A) free association.
B) interpretation.
C) transference.
D) active listening.

Question 28

Humanistic therapies are most likely to involve

A) encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors.
B) focusing special attention on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.
C) emphasizing the importance of self-awareness for psychological adjustment.
D) helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.

Question 29

A psychodynamic approach to therapy is most likely to involve

A) training patients in progressive relaxation.
B) suggesting interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties.
C) recommending the use of drugs during the process of psychotherapy.
D) encouraging depressed patients to take more responsibility for their failures.

Question 30

An analyst who points out a patient's resistance to continuing the process of free association and provides the patient with insight into the reason for this resistance is engaging in

A) systematic desensitization.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) interpretation.
D) transference.

Question 31

Some of Freud's techniques and assumptions are most evident in today's

A) behavior therapies.
B) psychodynamic therapies.
C) biomedical therapies.
D) cognitive therapies.

Question 32

Carl Rogers is known for the development of

A) the token economy.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 33

The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) free association.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 34

A therapist wants to help Hannah recognize her mixed feelings of fear and love for her husband and to realize that she often experienced similar feelings for her brothers during her childhood.The therapist's goal is most clearly consistent with the aims of

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 35

Therapist David Shapiro reported helping a patient to realize that he couldn't say "I love you" to his wife because it would feel soft and unmanly.The therapist's efforts to restore the patient's awareness of his wishes and his reactions against these wishes best illustrate

A) exposure therapy.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 36

Increasing clients' awareness of their own motives and defenses is a central goal of

A) exposure therapies.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) progressive relaxation.
D) insight therapies.

Question 37

Which of the following is considered to be the most nondirective form of therapy?

A) client-centered therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) systematic desensitization

Question 38

Which form of psychotherapy is most likely to focus on providing clients with insight into themes evident in their troubling and recurring patterns of social interaction in a variety of important relationships?

A) client-centered therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) psychodynamic therapy
D) behavior modification

Question 39

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Traditional psychoanalysis is no longer used to help people with psychological disorders.
B) Much of the underlying theory of psychoanalysis is not supported by scientific research.
C) Psychoanalysis discounts the importance of interpreting dreams.
D) Carl Rogers was one of Freud's earliest and most influential disciples.

Question 40

Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders,________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.

A) psychodynamic
B) biomedical
C) behavior
D) humanistic

Question 41

Chelsea explains to her therapist that she feels like she is a disappointment to her family.Her client-centered therapist responds,"I am hearing that you feel you have let your family down and would like to change that." Chelsea's therapist is demonstrating

A) genuineness.
B) empathy.
C) transference.
D) acceptance.

Question 42

Marshall is in court-ordered therapy with a client-centered therapist.His therapist does not dwell on Marshall's arrest but instead focuses on how much Marshall has to offer and his great potential.Marshall's therapist is using which client-centered technique?

A) genuineness
B) empathy
C) transference
D) acceptance

Question 43

Client-centered therapy is most likely to involve

A) helping clients associate anxiety-arousing stimuli with a pleasant state of relaxation.
B) encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors.
C) restating and clarifying what clients say during the course of therapy.
D) vigorously challenging clients' self-defeating thoughts.

Question 44

Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her parents.Her therapist chuckled and said,"No,Cindy,your problem isn't unconscious hostility;your problem is nail biting." It sounds like Cindy's therapist is applying principles of ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 45

Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of unconditional positive regard?

A) cognitive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) client-centered therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 46

Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with facilitating new ways of thinking?

A) psychoanalysis
B) behavior therapy
C) client-centered therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 47

Tom tells his therapist that his girlfriend undermines his ability to make his own decisions.The therapist acknowledges Tom's apparent frustration and irritation and asks him to clarify how his girlfriend's actions trigger such strong feelings in him.The therapist's technique best illustrates

A) systematic desensitization.
B) active listening.
C) interpretation.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 48

Repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus that triggers distress with an unconditioned stimulus that triggers pleasure best illustrates

A) free association.
B) counterconditioning.
C) stress inoculation training.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 49

Tarik's therapist is a client-centered therapist.During therapy sessions,he actively listens to Tarik's words and often responds by reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what Tarik seems to be saying.Tarik's therapist is

A) communicating empathic understanding.
B) fostering transference.
C) using systematic desensitization.
D) trying to counteract Tarik's negative cognitive bias.

Question 50

As a psychotherapist,Dr.Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems.Dr.Buist's position is most characteristic of ________ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) operant conditioning
D) client-centered

Question 51

Warren explains to his client-centered therapist that he feels like he will never be successful in finding friends on campus.His therapist responds,"I felt the same way when I first moved to town.It took me several months before I found some friends." Warren's therapist is demonstrating

A) genuineness.
B) empathy.
C) transference.
D) acceptance.

Question 52

Carl Rogers believed that several qualities of the therapist are critical in producing beneficial changes in client-centered therapy.Which of the following is NOT one of those qualities?

A) The therapist should display genuineness by openly and honestly sharing his or her thoughts with the client.
B) The therapist should strive to create an atmosphere of conditional acceptance so that the client is motivated to change his or her behavior to gain the therapist's approval.
C) The therapist should communicate empathic understanding by reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what the client is saying.
D) The therapist should be nondirective to allow the client to direct the focus of therapy.

Question 53

A therapist who nonjudgmentally accepts and values a client even when aware of the client's personal failings most clearly demonstrates

A) progressive relaxation.
B) free association.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) transference.

Question 54

One important goal of a client-centered therapist is to

A) create conditions that allow the client to direct the focus of therapy.
B) actively guide and make decisions for the client.
C) uncover the client's unconscious conflicts.
D) challenge the client's irrational beliefs and values.

Question 55

Talon tells his client-centered therapist about his frustration with the dating scene and his inability to meet a person with whom he can develop a serious relationship.Talon's therapist says,"I am hearing that you are lonely and you are wondering how you can go about meeting someone who is right for you." Talon's therapist's response demonstrates his use of

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) empathy.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 56

In client-centered therapy,therapist's sense and reflect their clients' feelings.The therapists are demonstrating

A) transference.
B) empathy.
C) genuineness.
D) acceptance.

Question 57

Letting another person know that you sense and understand the feelings he or she is expressing to you best demonstrates

A) transference.
B) progressive relaxation.
C) active listening.
D) free association.

Question 58

Principles derived from psychologists' understanding of classical conditioning have most directly influenced the development of

A) humanistic therapies.
B) cognitive therapies.
C) psychodynamic therapies.
D) behavior therapies.

Question 59

In client-centered therapy,therapists are honest about their own feelings in an effort to encourage clients to likewise express their true feelings.The therapists are demonstrating

A) transference.
B) empathy.
C) genuineness.
D) acceptance.

Question 60

Freud is to ________ as Rogers is to ________.

A) psychoanalysis;counterconditioning
B) free association;active listening
C) dream analysis;systematic desensitization
D) active listening;empathy

Question 61

The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important aspects of

A) aversive conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) interpersonal psychotherapy.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 62

Aversive conditioning involves

A) replacing a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response.
B) identifying a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
C) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
D) systematically controlling the consequences of patients' maladaptive behaviors.

Question 63

The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of

A) humanistic therapy.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 64

Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by

A) Ivan Pavlov.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) B.F.Skinner.
D) Sigmund Freud.

Question 65

Systematic desensitization involves the use of

A) aversive conditioning.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) progressive relaxation.

Question 66

To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches,his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine speaking to a group of four people.The therapist is using

A) client-centered therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 67

Mr.Vogt is terribly afraid of being alone in his own house at night.The behavior therapy most likely to be used to reduce this fear would be

A) free association.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 68

Mrs.Laiti is a compulsive gambler.To reduce her attraction to this self-defeating activity,a behavior therapist would most likely use

A) stress inoculation training.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 69

Which of the following is a form of counterconditioning?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) stress inoculation training
C) virtual reality exposure therapy
D) free association

Question 70

Whenever 2-year-old Calista runs into the street in front of her house,her mother immediately spanks her.The mother's technique most closely resembles the procedure known as

A) systematic desensitization.
B) free association.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 71

Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles?

A) the token economy
B) systematic desensitization
C) stress inoculation training
D) interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 72

Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of

A) hallucinations.
B) obsessions.
C) depression.
D) phobias.

Question 73

To treat nail biting,one can paint a patient's fingernails with a nasty-tasting nail polish.This procedure best illustrates

A) transference.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 74

O.H.Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds.This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of

A) systematic desensitization.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) stress inoculation training.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 75

In treating a 3-year-old child named Peter,Mary Cover Jones

A) used unconditional positive acceptance and empathic understanding to help Peter overcome his fear of rabbits.
B) was the first behavior therapist to use virtual reality therapy to eliminate a phobia.
C) conditioned a response that was incompatible with a previously learned response of fear in the presence of a tame rabbit.
D) used operant conditioning techniques to eliminate the child's fear of rabbits.

Question 76

To reduce his daughter's fear of the dark,Mr.Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime.Mr.Chew's strategy best illustrates the technique of

A) stress inoculation training.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 77

With ________,the therapist replaces a fearful response with a relaxation response.

A) systematic desensitization
B) free association
C) aversive conditioning
D) transference

Question 78

If therapy clients repeatedly imbibe an alcoholic drink mixed with a nausea-producing drug,an alcoholic drink without the drug is likely to become a(n)________ for feelings of nausea.

A) US
B) UR
C) CS
D) CR

Question 79

Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of

A) stress inoculation training.
B) exposure therapies.
C) behavior modification.
D) transference.

Question 80

The exposure therapies used today were refined by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Joseph Wolpe.
C) Egas Moniz.
D) Carl Rogers.