Deck 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy

Question 1

When a person-centered counselor focuses on the process in counseling,this means the counselor _____________________________.

A) pays close attention to the stories clients tell
B) boldly confronts client inconsistencies
C) focuses on how the client interacts with self and others
D) consistently redirects clients to negative thoughts and feelings

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Humanistic-existential counseling approaches are sometimes referred to as ___________ approaches because they focus on a client's inner experience.

A) unconscious
B) traditional
C) experiential
D) conscious

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Phenomenology is the study of the internal,subjective world.What person-centered intervention is most important for attending to this internal world of the client?

A) summarizing
B) clarifying
C) reflecting
D) listening

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The philosophical reasons for a counselor engaging clients from a position of warmth and empathy include which of the following?

A) Sharing warmth with clients will make them feel better.
B) Empathy will increase the client's willingness to hear counselor interpretations.
C) Empathy will allow the client to understand the counselor's experience.
D) Empathy is the vehicle for change in therapy.

Question 5

When a counselor asks,"Can you say more about what you mean by feeling angry?" This is an example of _____________________.

A) clarifying
B) summarizing
C) listening
D) reflecting

Question 6

Self- actualization can be defined as ________________________________________.

A) differentiating from one's family
B) being the self that fits in well in society
C) living an authentic, meaningful life
D) the ability to empathize with others

Question 7

All of the following are examples of process oriented goals EXCEPT:

A) increase ability to identify emotions in present moment.
B) increase sense of agency and proactive behavior in work life.
C) increase sense of responsibility for own problems and their resolution.
D) increase problem solving abilities.

Question 8

Person-centered counselors view ____________ as the primary vehicle for change.

A) external forces
B) the counselor's interventions
C) the counselor's interpretations
D) the counseling relationship

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes counselor genuineness or congruence?

A) Somewhere between a detached professional and friendship.
B) The outer expressions of the counselor matching their inner experience.
C) Playing a role or having a professional façade.
D) A goal necessary to achieve in order to be a successful counselor.

Question 10

What is the fundamental instrument of change in person-centered counseling?

A) Analysis of dreams
B) Focused Attending
C) The client
D) The counselor

Question 11

In person-centered counseling the focus of the approach is on ______________.

A) what happens
B) diagnosis
C) how things happen
D) symptoms

Question 12

Amy,a counseling intern,meets with her first client,a 19-year-old male sophomore who lives in the college dorms.The client has been mandated to enter counseling after being caught intoxicated for the third time.As the client shares his stories of "drunken sex with different partners every night for the last 2 weeks", Amy listens with a calm and even demeanor,wondering what is happening in her client's life that is leading him to engage in risky behavior.Which term best describes Amy's reaction as she listens to her client?

A) empathy
B) therapeutic presence
C) mirroring
D) understanding

Question 13

_____________ is based on the premise that all people tend naturally toward positive growth.

A) Optimism
B) Philanthropy
C) Humanism
D) Postmodernism

Question 14

According to person-centered counseling,all of the following are necessary and sufficient elements for therapeutic change EXCEPT:

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) counselor congruence or genuineness.
C) accurate empathetic understanding.
D) insight.

Question 15

Which of the following statements reflects expressing accurate empathy according to Rogers?

A) "I completely understand how you are feeling."
B) "You are very angry about all that has happened."
C) "If I were you, I would be crying all the time."
D) "It sounds as if this is very frightening for you."

Question 16

Which of the following is the overarching goal in person-centered counseling?

A) personality change
B) congruence
C) self- actualization
D) individuation

Question 17

Person-centered counseling was developed by ______________________________.

A) Rogers
B) Whitaker
C) Gestalt
D) Satir

Question 18

The concept of unconditional positive regard is most accurately explained in which of the following statements?

A) The counselor never confronts the client.
B) The counselor focuses on the client's basic human worth,
C) The counselor is always kind.
D) The counselor only focuses on the clients' positive qualities.

Question 19

The self of the counselor is used to promote change for clients.All of the following statements expand on this concept accurately EXCEPT:

A) The counselor needs to be real even with extremely difficult emotions, such as anger, frustration, and boredom as they relate to the client.
B) The client and counselor are in a fully egalitarian relationship.
C) The self of the counselor is used to provide clients with a role model.
D) The counselor and the client have an authentic human encounter.

Question 20

Maslow,an early humanist,believed in four areas of the most basic needs that must be in place for a person to self-actualize.The four areas are:

A) physiological, mental, love/belonging, esteem.
B) physiological, mental, love/belonging, emotional.
C) physiological, safety, love/belonging, emotional.
D) physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem.

Question 21

Immediacy is used _____________________________________________________.

A) when a client's verbalizations do not match their presenting emotion
B) to prompt the client to identify what they are feeling in the moment
C) to normalize the client's experiences
D) to help clients clarify what is vaguely expressed

Question 22

What role does empathy play in humanistic counseling?

Question 23

What is self-actualization?

Question 24

As Maria continues to work with David in therapy,she has developed a working relationship using unconditional positive regard and genuineness.In one session,David shares a story with Maria that she can very much relate to.What would be the best response from Maria as a person-centered beginning counselor?

A) To give David approval for his actions or feelings.
B) To offer reassurance stating "that others have been through this before" and survived.
C) To use self disclosure to facilitate continued joining with the client.
D) To ask questions encouraging David to focus on his inner emotional process of the experience.

Question 25

List and describe Roger's three core conditions that the therapist must create in the counseling relationship.

Question 26

Maria,a counselor working from a person-centered approach,is in the initial phase of counseling with a 26-year-old client named David.David reports that he was recently asked to take a leave of absence from law school for "anger related issues." As David describes recent incidents in the classroom and in his graduate housing complex,he describes moments of rage but indicates that it was "not that big of a deal" and "that no one was hurt." Maria notices that David is becoming visibly upset as he talks,but he continues to report he is "fine." What would be an appropriate initial goal for David in counseling?

A) Increase experience of overwhelming emotions to reduce angry outbursts.
B) Increase ability to recognize and constructively express emotions to reduce angry outbursts.
C) Reduce angry outbursts.
D) Increase ability to view self as responsible for problem situations and active agent in making changes to reduce angry outbursts.

Question 27

The author of the text suggests that the primary purpose of self-disclosure is _________ ___________________________________.

A) building a friendship with the client
B) making clients feel more comfortable
C) helping clients achieve their goals
D) demonstrating therapist expertise and superiority

Question 28

How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?

Question 29

Rob,a client,is describing an intense emotional experience and reports feeling very angry but smiles while telling the story.Carla,his person-centered counselor,might use which intervention to address discrepancies in Rob's presentation?

A) clarifying
B) reflecting
C) immediacy
D) confrontation

Question 30

List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.