Question 1

How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?

Accepted Answer

Culture plays a significant role in how individuals express empathy. In some cultures, the display of emotions, including empathy, is encouraged and seen as a positive trait. In these cultures, individuals may openly express their empathy through verbal affirmations, physical touch, and active listening. On the other hand, in cultures where emotional restraint is valued, individuals may express empathy in more subtle ways, such as through indirect communication or non-verbal cues.

Additionally, cultural norms and values shape the expectations and understanding of empathy. For example, in some cultures, empathy may be expressed through communal support and collective problem-solving, while in others, it may be more individually focused. Understanding and respecting these cultural differences is crucial in effectively expressing empathy across diverse cultural contexts.

Furthermore, cultural beliefs and practices can influence the perception of empathy. For instance, in some cultures, seeking help from others may be seen as a sign of weakness, while in others, it may be seen as a natural part of building relationships. This can impact how individuals express empathy and the willingness to seek or offer support.

Overall, culture greatly influences how individuals express empathy, from the manner in which it is communicated to the societal expectations and perceptions surrounding it. It is important to be mindful of these cultural differences in order to effectively connect and empathize with others in a diverse world.

Question 2

_____________ is based on the premise that all people tend naturally toward positive growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Optimism 
B)  Philanthropy 
C)  Humanism 
D)  Postmodernism. 
A)  Optimism 
B)  Philanthropy 
C)  Humanism 
D)  Postmodernism. C

Question 3

What is self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is a concept originally introduced by the psychologist Kurt Goldstein and later popularized by Abraham Maslow, which represents the process of realizing and fulfilling one's own potential and capabilities. It is the highest level of psychological development where the actualization of full personal potential is achieved.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization sits at the top of the pyramid, following the satisfaction of physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, and esteem. It is not considered a static state but rather a continuous process of becoming rather than a perfect state one reaches. The idea is that individuals are always in the process of becoming the most complete version of themselves.

Self-actualized individuals are characterized by certain traits, such as:

1. Realism: They have a realistic perception of themselves, others, and the world around them.
2. Acceptance: They accept themselves with all their flaws and also accept others as they are.
3. Autonomy: They are independent and rely on their own experiences and judgment to make decisions.
4. Creativity: They are creative and open to new experiences and ideas.
5. Problem-Centering: They are focused on solving problems outside of themselves, including helping others and finding solutions to societal issues.
6. Spontaneity: They are spontaneous in their thoughts and actions, being true to themselves rather than conforming to societal norms or expectations.
7. Continued Freshness of Appreciation: They continue to appreciate the simple pleasures of life with awe and wonder.
8. Peak Experiences: They often have peak experiences, which are moments of intense joy, creativity, and fulfillment.

Self-actualization is a personal journey and can manifest differently in each individual. It is not about achieving perfection but about embracing the journey of growth and striving to reach one's full potential in all aspects of life. It involves a deep understanding of oneself, the pursuit of personal growth, and the desire to contribute meaningfully to the world.

Question 4

The concept of unconditional positive regard is most accurately explained in which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A)  The counselor never confronts the client. 
B)  The counselor focuses on the client's basic human worth, 
C)  The counselor is always kind. 
D)  The counselor only focuses on the clients' positive qualities. 
A)  The counselor never confronts the client. 
B)  The counselor focuses on the client's basic human worth, 
C)  The counselor is always kind. 
D)  The counselor only focuses on the clients' positive qualities.

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes counselor genuineness or congruence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Somewhere between a detached professional and friendship. 
B)  The outer expressions of the counselor matching their inner experience. 
C)  Playing a role or having a professional façade. 
D)  A goal necessary to achieve in order to be a successful counselor. 
A)  Somewhere between a detached professional and friendship. 
B)  The outer expressions of the counselor matching their inner experience. 
C)  Playing a role or having a professional façade. 
D)  A goal necessary to achieve in order to be a successful counselor.

Question 6

Person-centered counselors view ____________ as the primary vehicle for change.

Accepted Answer

A)  external forces 
B)  the counselor's interventions 
C)  the counselor's interpretations 
D)  the counseling relationship 
A)  external forces 
B)  the counselor's interventions 
C)  the counselor's interpretations 
D)  the counseling relationship

Question 7

Person-centered counseling was developed by ______________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rogers 
B)  Whitaker 
C)  Gestalt 
D)  Satir 
A)  Rogers 
B)  Whitaker 
C)  Gestalt 
D)  Satir

Question 8

As Maria continues to work with David in therapy,she has developed a working relationship using unconditional positive regard and genuineness.In one session,David shares a story with Maria that she can very much relate to.What would be the best response from Maria as a person-centered beginning counselor?

Accepted Answer

A)  To give David approval for his actions or feelings. 
B)  To offer reassurance stating "that others have been through this before" and survived. 
C)  To use self disclosure to facilitate continued joining with the client. 
D)  To ask questions encouraging David to focus on his inner emotional process of the experience. 
A)  To give David approval for his actions or feelings. 
B)  To offer reassurance stating "that others have been through this before" and survived. 
C)  To use self disclosure to facilitate continued joining with the client. 
D)  To ask questions encouraging David to focus on his inner emotional process of the experience.

Question 9

The author of the text suggests that the primary purpose of self-disclosure is _________ ___________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  building a friendship with the client 
B)  making clients feel more comfortable 
C)  helping clients achieve their goals 
D)  demonstrating therapist expertise and superiority 
A)  building a friendship with the client 
B)  making clients feel more comfortable 
C)  helping clients achieve their goals 
D)  demonstrating therapist expertise and superiority

Question 10

The self of the counselor is used to promote change for clients.All of the following statements expand on this concept accurately EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  The counselor needs to be real even with extremely difficult emotions, such as anger, frustration, and boredom as they relate to the client. 
B)  The client and counselor are in a fully egalitarian relationship. 
C)  The self of the counselor is used to provide clients with a role model. 
D)  The counselor and the client have an authentic human encounter. 
A)  The counselor needs to be real even with extremely difficult emotions, such as anger, frustration, and boredom as they relate to the client. 
B)  The client and counselor are in a fully egalitarian relationship. 
C)  The self of the counselor is used to provide clients with a role model. 
D)  The counselor and the client have an authentic human encounter.

Question 11

All of the following are examples of process oriented goals EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase ability to identify emotions in present moment. 
B)  increase sense of agency and proactive behavior in work life. 
C)  increase sense of responsibility for own problems and their resolution. 
D)  increase problem solving abilities. 
A)  increase ability to identify emotions in present moment. 
B)  increase sense of agency and proactive behavior in work life. 
C)  increase sense of responsibility for own problems and their resolution. 
D)  increase problem solving abilities.

Question 12

According to person-centered counseling,all of the following are necessary and sufficient elements for therapeutic change EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional positive regard. 
B)  counselor congruence or genuineness. 
C)  accurate empathetic understanding. 
D)  insight. 
A)  unconditional positive regard. 
B)  counselor congruence or genuineness. 
C)  accurate empathetic understanding. 
D)  insight.

Question 13

Which of the following statements reflects expressing accurate empathy according to Rogers?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I completely understand how you are feeling." 
B)  "You are very angry about all that has happened." 
C)  "If I were you, I would be crying all the time." 
D)  "It sounds as if this is very frightening for you." 
A)  "I completely understand how you are feeling." 
B)  "You are very angry about all that has happened." 
C)  "If I were you, I would be crying all the time." 
D)  "It sounds as if this is very frightening for you."

Question 14

Which of the following is the overarching goal in person-centered counseling?

Accepted Answer

A)  personality change 
B)  congruence 
C)  self- actualization 
D)  individuation 
A)  personality change 
B)  congruence 
C)  self- actualization 
D)  individuation

Question 15

Phenomenology is the study of the internal,subjective world.What person-centered intervention is most important for attending to this internal world of the client?

Accepted Answer

A)  summarizing 
B)  clarifying 
C)  reflecting 
D)  listening 
A)  summarizing 
B)  clarifying 
C)  reflecting 
D)  listening

Question 16

Amy,a counseling intern,meets with her first client,a 19-year-old male sophomore who lives in the college dorms.The client has been mandated to enter counseling after being caught intoxicated for the third time.As the client shares his stories of "drunken sex with different partners every night for the last 2 weeks", Amy listens with a calm and even demeanor,wondering what is happening in her client's life that is leading him to engage in risky behavior.Which term best describes Amy's reaction as she listens to her client?

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy 
B)  therapeutic presence 
C)  mirroring 
D)  understanding 
A)  empathy 
B)  therapeutic presence 
C)  mirroring 
D)  understanding

Question 17

List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.

Accepted Answer

1. Reflective Listening: This interventi

Question 18

When a counselor asks,"Can you say more about what you mean by feeling angry?" This is an example of _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  clarifying 
B)  summarizing 
C)  listening 
D)  reflecting 
A)  clarifying 
B)  summarizing 
C)  listening 
D)  reflecting

Question 19

Self- actualization can be defined as ________________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiating from one's family 
B)  being the self that fits in well in society 
C)  living an authentic, meaningful life 
D)  the ability to empathize with others 
A)  differentiating from one's family 
B)  being the self that fits in well in society 
C)  living an authentic, meaningful life 
D)  the ability to empathize with others

Question 20

Maria,a counselor working from a person-centered approach,is in the initial phase of counseling with a 26-year-old client named David.David reports that he was recently asked to take a leave of absence from law school for "anger related issues." As David describes recent incidents in the classroom and in his graduate housing complex,he describes moments of rage but indicates that it was "not that big of a deal" and "that no one was hurt." Maria notices that David is becoming visibly upset as he talks,but he continues to report he is "fine." What would be an appropriate initial goal for David in counseling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase experience of overwhelming emotions to reduce angry outbursts. 
B)  Increase ability to recognize and constructively express emotions to reduce angry outbursts. 
C)  Reduce angry outbursts. 
D)  Increase ability to view self as responsible for problem situations and active agent in making changes to reduce angry outbursts. 
A)  Increase experience of overwhelming emotions to reduce angry outbursts. 
B)  Increase ability to recognize and constructively express emotions to reduce angry outbursts. 
C)  Reduce angry outbursts. 
D)  Increase ability to view self as responsible for problem situations and active agent in making changes to reduce angry outbursts.

How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?

_____________ is based on the premise that all people tend naturally toward positive growth.

What is self-actualization?

The concept of unconditional positive regard is most accurately explained in which of the following statements?

Which of the following statements best describes counselor genuineness or congruence?

Person-centered counselors view ____________ as the primary vehicle for change.

Person-centered counseling was developed by ______________________________.

The author of the text suggests that the primary purpose of self-disclosure is _ ___________________________.

The self of the counselor is used to promote change for clients.All of the following statements expand on this concept accurately EXCEPT:

All of the following are examples of process oriented goals EXCEPT:

According to person-centered counseling,all of the following are necessary and sufficient elements for therapeutic change EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements reflects expressing accurate empathy according to Rogers?

Which of the following is the overarching goal in person-centered counseling?

Phenomenology is the study of the internal,subjective world.What person-centered intervention is most important for attending to this internal world of the client?

List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.

When a counselor asks,"Can you say more about what you mean by feeling angry?" This is an example of _____________________.

Self- actualization can be defined as ________________________________________.

Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and You: Connecting the Dots

Treatment Planning

Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy

Jungian Analytic Psychology

Adlerian Individual Counseling

Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy

Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy

Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy

Solution-Based Approaches

Narrative and Collaborative Approaches

Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy

Introduction to Theoretical Integration

Integrative Case Conceptualization

Filters

Exam 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy

How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?

_____________ is based on the premise that all people tend naturally toward positive growth.

What is self-actualization?

The concept of unconditional positive regard is most accurately explained in which of the following statements?

Which of the following statements best describes counselor genuineness or congruence?

Person-centered counselors view ____________ as the primary vehicle for change.

Person-centered counseling was developed by ______________________________.

The author of the text suggests that the primary purpose of self-disclosure is _________ ___________________________________.

The self of the counselor is used to promote change for clients.All of the following statements expand on this concept accurately EXCEPT:

All of the following are examples of process oriented goals EXCEPT:

According to person-centered counseling,all of the following are necessary and sufficient elements for therapeutic change EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements reflects expressing accurate empathy according to Rogers?

Which of the following is the overarching goal in person-centered counseling?

Phenomenology is the study of the internal,subjective world.What person-centered intervention is most important for attending to this internal world of the client?

List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.

When a counselor asks,"Can you say more about what you mean by feeling angry?" This is an example of _____________________.

Self- actualization can be defined as ________________________________________.

Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and You: Connecting the Dots

Treatment Planning

Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy

Jungian Analytic Psychology

Adlerian Individual Counseling

Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy

Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy

Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy

Solution-Based Approaches

Narrative and Collaborative Approaches

Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy

Introduction to Theoretical Integration

Integrative Case Conceptualization

Filters

The author of the text suggests that the primary purpose of self-disclosure is _ ___________________________.