Deck 3: Birth and the Newborn Infant

Question 1

The ________ stage of birth is the quickest and easiest,and it takes only a few minutes.

A)third
B)second
C)first
D)episiotomy

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Another term for "false labor," where after the fourth month of pregnancy the uterus occasionally contracts in order to ready itself for eventual delivery,is called a(n)

A)cervix.
B)Braxton-Hicks contraction.
C)episiotomy.
D)transition.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

At which stage of labor does the baby's head emerge?

A)second stage
B)third stage
C)first stage
D)birth

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The neck of the uterus that separates it from the vagina is called the

A)transition.
B)cervix.
C)Braxton-Hicks.
D)episiotomy.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT measured using the Apgar scale?

A)appearance (color)
B)pulse (heart rate)
C)grimace (reflex irritability)
D)pupil dilation

Question 6

A newborn baby scores under 4 on the Apgar scale.This means that the baby

A)is normal and healthy.
B)requires help to start breathing.
C)needs immediate,life-saving intervention.
D)is premature.

Question 7

What is the correct term for a baby that is newborn?

A)fetus
B)embryo
C)neonate
D)infant

Question 8

When the baby is in the process of leaving the mother's body,this is considered the _____ stage of labor.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)final

Question 9

A restriction of oxygen lasting a few minutes that produces cognitive defects,such as language delays and mental retardation due to brain cell death,is called

A)Apgar.
B)anoxia.
C)episiotomy.
D)lanugo.

Question 10

During childbirth,the obstetrician decides that there is a need for an episiotomy.That means

A)this is a necessary step in the Bradley method.
B)this is the third stage of childbirth when the placenta and the umbilical cord are expelled from the mother.
C)the doctor makes an incision to enlarge the size of the vaginal opening.
D)the doctor decides the mother requires a Cesarean section procedure.

Question 11

A newborn baby scores under 7 on the Apgar scale.This indicates that the baby

A)is normal and healthy.
B)requires help to start breathing.
C)needs immediate,life-saving intervention.
D)is premature.

Question 12

At what stage of birth do the child's umbilical cord (which is still attached to the neonate)and the placenta expel from the mother's body?

A)episiotomy
B)second
C)Braxton-Hicks
D)third

Question 13

The birth of a baby usually occurs _____ days after conception.

A)500
B)365
C)250
D)266

Question 14

Labor proceeds in ____ stages.

A)5
B)4
C)3
D)2

Question 15

When the critical hormone ___________ is released in high enough concentration by the mother's pituitary gland,the mother's uterus begins periodic contractions.

A)oxytocin
B)corticotropin
C)cortisol
D)oxycontin

Question 16

During the final part of the first stage of labor,the contractions increase to their greatest intensity;this is known as

A)birth.
B)Braxton-Hicks.
C)transition.
D)episiotomy.

Question 17

The attending nurse tells the expectant mother that her contractions are approximately 5 minutes apart.What hormones are high enough in the mother to cause the uterus to begin periodic contractions?

A)androgen
B)progesterone
C)oxytocin
D)estrogen

Question 18

A standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns is called the ________ scale.

A)bonding
B)Apgar
C)Lamaze
D)Bradley

Question 19

When the uterine contractions occur around every 8 to 10 minutes and last about 30 seconds,this is considered the ________ stage of labor.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 20

An incision that is sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass is called a(n)

A)Braxton-Hicks.
B)cervix.
C)episiotomy.
D)false labor.

Question 21

Other than a physician/obstetrician who is licensed,what other person involved in childbirth requires an additional year or two of training and certification?

A)a doula
B)a midwife
C)a hypnotist
D)a birthing coach

Question 22

Which childbirth method is quite controversial because it discourages the use of traditional medical interventions?

A)Lamaze
B)natural
C)Bradley
D)hypnobirthing

Question 23

Which economic class of mothers and fathers is less likely to participate in the Lamaze childbirth method?

A)wealthy parents
B)middle-income parents
C)lower-income parents
D)non-English speaking parents

Question 24

What is a doula?

A)a midwife who delivers the child
B)an obstetrician who delivers the child
C)a person well versed in birthing alternatives who provides emotional,psychological,and educational support to the mother
D)a hypnotist who prepares the mother for childbirth

Question 25

What is the name of the fine dark fuzz that covers a newborn and soon disappears?

A)lanugo
B)vernix
C)episiotomy
D)Apgar

Question 26

What is the trend that is new in the United States but has existed for centuries in other cultures?

A)using a midwife
B)using a doula
C)using hypnosis
D)using natural birthing techniques

Question 27

In the United States,midwives are employed in ___ of births.

A)50%
B)75%
C)10%
D)5%

Question 28

What type of medication(s)produces numbness from the waist down?

A)morphine
B)epidural anesthesia
C)transient epidural
D)walking epidural

Question 29

Which childbirth method involves a form of self-hypnosis during delivery that produces a sense of peace and calm that also reduces pain?

A)hypnobirthing
B)Bradley
C)Lamaze
D)natural

Question 30

In the last few decades,more mothers have chosen to use a(n)________ as the childbirth attendant who stays with her throughout labor and delivery.

A)gynecologist
B)midwife
C)obstetrician
D)ophthalmologist

Question 31

What birthing method has achieved widespread popularity in the United States,and involves breathing techniques and relaxation training?

A)Apgar
B)Lamaze
C)Bradley
D)natural

Question 32

Which type of physician specializes in delivering babies?

A)doula
B)pediatrician
C)obstetrician
D)gynecologist

Question 33

What is the thick,greasy,cottage-cheese-like substance that covers the newborn and smoothes the passage through the birth canal?

A)episiotomy
B)Apgar
C)lanugo
D)vernix

Question 34

____________ is the close physical and emotional contact between parent and child.

A)Conditioning
B)Emotional acceptance
C)Bonding
D)Stimulation

Question 35

Which childbirth method is known as "husband-coached childbirth"?

A)Lamaze
B)hypnobirthing
C)Bradley
D)Apgar

Question 36

What type of pain reduction during childbirth uses smaller needles and a system for administering continuous doses to reduce the pain of childbirth?

A)dual spinal-epidural
B)traditional epidural
C)intravenous morphine
D)anesthesia

Question 37

What do mothers and fathers report when asked why they think the Lamaze method of childbirth works?

A)saves money from going to the hospital
B)provides mastery and a sense of control
C)allows childbirth without medication
D)is safer for the newborn

Question 38

What is the birthing technique that uses breathing techniques and relaxation,involves a coach,and provides training that allows women to cope with painful contractions by concentrating on their breathing to produce a relaxation response rather than tensing up,which can make pain more acute?

A)Lamaze
B)Apgar
C)Bradley
D)hypnobirthing

Question 39

Which childbirth method is based on the principle that childbirth should be as natural as possible and involve no medication or medical intervention;therefore,parents are urged to take responsibility for childbirth,and the use of physicians is viewed as unnecessary and sometimes dangerous?

A)Bradley
B)Lamaze
C)natural
D)hypnobirthing

Question 40

In parts of the world other than the United States,midwives help deliver about _______ of babies,often in the ________.

A)75%;home
B)50%;hospice
C)80%;home
D)40%;hospital

Question 41

Newborns who are born prematurely and who have a low birthweight may experience respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)and require

A)blood transfusions.
B)immersion in warm water.
C)isolation to ward off infection.
D)placement in an incubator where oxygen is monitored.

Question 42

Although ____ of all newborns in the United States fall into the low-birthweight category,they account for ______ of newborn deaths.

A)15%;all
B)7%;the majority
C)7%;the minority
D)15%;the majority

Question 43

When a premature infant with a low birthweight is placed in an incubator,oxygen is carefully monitored because too _____ of a concentration of oxygen _____.

A)high;can damage the baby's retinas,leading to permanent blindness
B)low;can damage the baby's retinas,leading to permanent blindness
C)low;can prove to be fatal for the baby
D)high;can prove to be fatal for the baby

Question 44

Which of the following is a side effect of administering anesthetics to the mother during childbirth?

A)the newborn may have decreased physiological responses
B)fast labor
C)a higher level of physiological activity in the newborn
D)increased bonding time with the infant because the mother does not feel any pain

Question 45

Keeping a neonate in the hospital to gain weight is important to help the baby

A)recover from being malnourished.
B)learn to breast feed.
C)fight infection.
D)build fat layers to prevent chilling.

Question 46

Infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception are called

A)low birthweight.
B)small for gestational age.
C)preterm.
D)very low birthweight.

Question 47

Infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams (5 1/2 pounds)at birth are called

A)low birthweight.
B)preterm.
C)small for gestational age.
D)very low birthweight.

Question 48

Sickle cell anemia is an example of a disorder that can be detected in newborns by

A)using the Apgar scale.
B)taking a urine sample.
C)taking a tiny quantity of blood drawn from the infant's heel.
D)administering a DNA test.

Question 49

What is one advantage of administering a "walking epidural" or "dual spinal-epidural" during childbirth?

A)uses smaller needles and a system for administering anesthetic
B)permits the woman to lay prone during labor
C)encourages women to move around less during labor
D)costs less to administer

Question 50

Which of the following would be considered a concern for six-year-old preterm children compared to children born full term?

A)further hospitalization(s)
B)malnourishment
C)depression disorders
D)a need for special education

Question 51

William and Sandy's baby was considered preterm because

A)the baby was born prior to 38 weeks after conception.
B)the baby weighed 3,400 grams.
C)the baby weighed less than 2,500 grams.
D)the baby was born earlier than normal.

Question 52

By age six,approximately ____ of preterm infants have mild problems,such as learning disabilities or behavior disorders.

A)75%
B)50%
C)25%
D)38%

Question 53

In the United States in the 1970s,the average hospital stay for a normal birth was _____ days.

A)2.0
B)4.5
C)3.9
D)5.0

Question 54

A baby is considered a small-for-gestational-age infant if

A)the baby was born 38 weeks after conception.
B)the baby weighs less than 2,500 grams.
C)because of fetal growth,the baby weighs 90% (or less)of the average weight of other infants the same gestational age.
D)the baby weighs less than 1,250 grams.

Question 55

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S.Congress agree that women should stay in the hospital no less than ___ hours after giving birth.

A)24
B)72
C)96
D)48

Question 56

The American College of Medical Genetics recommends that all newborns be screened for ___ disorders ranging from hearing difficulties to extremely rare conditions.

A)50
B)29
C)100
D)40

Question 57

The extent of danger faced by preterm babies largely depends upon

A)the mother's age.
B)whether the baby has suffered loss of oxygen (anoxia).
C)the baby's ability to regulate his/her body temperature.
D)the baby's birthweight.

Question 58

Each year in the United States,______ infants suffer from disorders that could have been detected at birth with appropriate screening.

A)500
B)1,500
C)2,000
D)1,000

Question 59

In the United States in the 1990s,the average hospital stay for a normal birth was _____ days,in large part because of insurance companies.

A)2.0
B)4.5
C)3.9
D)5.0

Question 60

Preterm infants are at a high risk of illness and death because

A)they usually have to be born by Cesarean section.
B)they have not had time to fully develop.
C)their mothers have used anesthesia during childbirth.
D)they have a chromosomal disorder.

Question 61

Which of the following best describes the "age of viability"?

A)the point at which an infant can survive prematurely,approximately 22 weeks
B)the point at which an infant can survive prematurely,approximately 6 months
C)the point at which an infant can survive prematurely,approximately 3 ½ months
D)when an infant is born earlier than 25 weeks

Question 62

The average financial costs of medical care for a very-low-birthweight infant during the first three years of life may be between ______ and ______ times higher than medical costs for a full-term child.

A)3;50
B)50;100
C)50;75
D)10;50

Question 63

Which of the following is considered a medical risk predating pregnancy?

A)married
B)the number of previous pregnancies being 1
C)diseases such as diabetes and chronic hypertension
D)onset of menstruation

Question 64

What is the term for an infant who has not yet been born two weeks after the mother's due date?

A)premature
B)postmature
C)fetal distress
D)stillbirth

Question 65

Which factor can classify an infant as meeting the criteria of very low birthweight?

A)an infant who loses weight and remains for an extended stay in the hospital
B)an infant who weighs 90% or less of a normal infant's weight
C)an infant who was in the womb for less than 30 weeks
D)an infant born prior to 38 weeks after conception

Question 66

Which of the following types of care does NOT appear to be effective in helping preterm infants develop?

A)Kangaroo Care
B)ensuring that the infant is protected from any light exposure
C)making sure the infant is not touched or moved very often
D)almost constant use of an incubator

Question 67

A baby born earlier than 25 weeks has less than a _______ chance of survival.

A)60%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%

Question 68

A newborn has been categorized as a very-low-birthweight infant.Which describes the infant's weight best?

A)90% (or less)of average infant weight
B)2,500 grams (around 5 ½ pounds)
C)3,400 grams (about 7 ½ pounds)
D)1,250 grams (around 2.25 pounds)

Question 69

Alisha was born earlier than 25 weeks,and as such would be classified as

A)small for gestation.
B)very low birthweight.
C)very premature.
D)low birthweight.

Question 70

Ultimately,approximately ____ of very-low-birthweight infants die despite massive medical intervention.

A)80%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%

Question 71

Infants who weigh less than 1,250 grams or,regardless of weight,have been in the womb less than 30 weeks are called

A)low birthweight.
B)very low birthweight.
C)preterm.
D)small for gestational age.

Question 72

What is the major reason why very-low-birthweight babies are in grave danger from the moment they are born?

A)exposure to toxic air and other substances
B)babies are developing outside the womb
C)immaturity of their organ systems
D)rejection by the mother

Question 73

Which of the following is considered a behavioral and environmental risk related to pregnancy?

A)fetal anomalies
B)high altitude
C)low weight for height
D)multiple pregnancy

Question 74

Which is considered the most extreme case of prematurity?

A)small-for-gestational-age infants
B)very-low-birthweight infants
C)preterm infants
D)low-birthweight infants

Question 75

The percentage of low-birthweight infants born to African American mothers is ______ times that for Caucasian American mothers.

A)five
B)two
C)three
D)ten

Question 76

Which of the following is considered a medical risk during pregnancy?

A)extraordinary growth of the fetus
B)hypertension/preeclampsia/toxemia
C)low level of education
D)being unmarried

Question 77

What percentage of preterm and low-birthweight births is unexplained with regard to cause?

A)50%
B)75%
C)100%
D)35%

Question 78

Which of the following may cause preterm births?

A)a mother working during pregnancy
B)a father's age
C)genetic abnormalities
D)the mother's second pregnancy

Question 79

Which of the following is considered one of the features of very-low-birthweight infants?

A)skin is often very pale whatever their race
B)missing limbs
C)eyes may be fused shut
D)constantly high fever

Question 80

Mary's baby was born at 28 weeks,and now part of her medical care includes massage several times a day.Which of the following is a benefit of the massage?

A)increased respiratory distress syndrome
B)muscle atrophy
C)coping with stress
D)decreased appetite