Deck 9: Globalization, inequality, and Development

Question 1

Increased profit and market expansion are always sought by which of the following?

A) global capitalism
B) international labour
C) transnational competition
D) economic harmonization

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In 2005,Kobe Bryant signed a $45 million deal to endorse Nike shoes.Approximately how many Indonesian workers' annual wages,combined,is this money worth?

A) 26 250
B) 36 250
C) 46 250
D) 56 250

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The fact that governments can allow or disallow international access to their nations supports which of the following as a significant source of globalization?

A) politics
B) economics
C) technology
D) culture

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Oscar works at a factory in China that manufactures shoelaces for a high-profile North American athletic shoe company.What is Oscar is part of?

A) the global commodity chain
B) McDonaldization
C) transnational commodification
D) homogenization

Question 5

For two decades,Ingrid has watched as her small European town changed from having a rich traditional culture to one increasingly dominated by North American fast-food chains,North American films and novels,and North American products.Regarding her culture,what is Ingrid worried about?

A) glocalization
B) commodification
C) homogenization
D) regionalization

Question 6

According to the textbook,approximately how many people globally are connected today through the Internet?

A) one-half billion
B) 1 billion
C) 2 billion
D) 3 billion

Question 7

Which of the following characterizes travel to Europe from Canada 30 years ago?

A) Most people relied almost exclusively on their credit cards as there were few ATMs.
B) English speakers were plentiful, even in small towns, because most Europeans knew several languages.
C) Tickets and traveller's cheque purchases had to be made over the phone rather than on the Internet.
D) English newspapers and television programs and North American fast-food restaurants were rare.

Question 8

By how much did the world population increase between 1982 and 2008?

A) 17 percent
B) 27 percent
C) 37 percent
D) 47 percent

Question 9

Using Skype,how much does a one-hour-long call between New York and London,England,cost today?

A) $0 (free)
B) $50
C) $150
D) $250

Question 10

Jared is a highly paid marketer for a large Canadian transnational company.The company also hires thousands of people in overseas factories for considerably lower pay than Jared makes.What process is Jared and the other workers part of?

A) McDonaldization
B) labour transnationalism
C) regionalization
D) international division of labour

Question 11

A large multinational company has headquarters in Canada,where several well-paid lawyers,accountants,and managers work,and numerous factories all over the world,where hundreds of labourers work for low pay to manufacture the company's products.What is this practice of having different types of workers spread across the globe is known as?

A) McDonaldization
B) international division of labour
C) regionalization
D) labour transnationalism

Question 12

Liam is an activist who protests against the amount of wealth and power wielded by his nation over other smaller nations.What is Liam protesting against?

A) glocalization
B) the global commodity chain
C) imperialism
D) regionalization

Question 13

Sean and Stacy are having a conversation about the ways that their personal consumer habits have a global impact.Making the links between their individual shopping experiences and the exploitation of labourers and the environment in far away places involves employing which of the following?

A) international division of labour
B) globalization
C) sociological imagination
D) social stratification

Question 14

What point is the story in the textbook about travel between Canada and Europe today versus 30 years ago meant to demonstrate?

A) how much richer Canadians are today
B) how closely linked people today are globally
C) how much more fun and easy it is to travel abroad today
D) how travel is actually more difficult today although it appears to be easier

Question 15

In today's dollars,how much would a three-minute telephone call between New York and London,England,have cost in 1930?

A) $0 (free)
B) $50
C) $150
D) $250

Question 16

Darius has just purchased an expensive pair of designer jeans from large multinational company that has the fabric made in one foreign country and the jeans sewn in another,all for very low labour costs.What is Darius contributing to with his purchase?

A) transnational commodification
B) McDonaldization
C) the global commodity chain
D) cultural homogenization

Question 17

Canada is involved in several trade agreements with other nations.At one point,the Canadian government was sued for acting as a "barrier to trade" because it disallowed a certain product from being sold here because the product exceeded allowable toxicity levels.What does the government being sued demonstrate?

A) the illegal costs involved in international trade
B) the decreased autonomy experienced by nation-states involved in international trade agreements
C) the increased power that nation-states have over trade agendas
D) the increase in national costs as a result of doing business with unscrupulous trading partners

Question 18

What do we call the domination of one nation's economy by another?

A) globalization
B) imperialism
C) homogenization
D) commodification

Question 19

Which of the following terms refers to the increased passage of labour,capital,information,and commodities across borders?

A) transnationalism
B) glocalization
C) globalization
D) imperialism

Question 20

Canadians enjoy a good relationship with South Korea but not with North Korea.According to the textbook,what is this difference in relations due to?

A) the lack of interest on the part of the North Korean government in integration with the outside world.
B) the lack of interest on the part of the South Korean government in integration with North Korea
C) the major trading alliance between North Korea and Afghanistan.
D) the military alliance between South Korea and Canada since World War I.

Question 21

In an argument against the idea that globalization is equivalent to homogenization,which of the following concepts could be employed?

A) global supply chain and commodification
B) glocalization and regionalization
C) international division of labour and international trade
D) transnationalism and rationalization

Question 22

The global transmission of American values and American business culture has become synonymous with which of the following terms?

A) McDonaldization
B) corporatization
C) commodification
D) globalization

Question 23

According to the textbook,which of the following represents the most intense and large-scale reaction against globalization?

A) the Zapatista uprising in Chiapas, Mexico
B) the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001
C) the WTO protest in Seattle in 1999
D) the FTAA protest in Quebec City

Question 24

When Dion was hired at a large office supply chain store,he had to memorize scripts for every possible interaction with customers and every procedure he may have to perform.Every month,a "secret shopper" comes in to his workplace to ensure all employees are following the scripts and procedures.What process has the office supply chain undergone?

A) globalization
B) commodification
C) corporatization
D) McDonaldization

Question 25

Taran peacefully protested the WTO Millennium Round of talks in Seattle,Washington,in November 1999.Approximately how many other activists took part in that broad-based protest?

A) 20 000
B) 40 000
C) 60 000
D) 80 000

Question 26

According to the textbook,why does Samuel Huntington argue against Western intervention in global human rights violations?

A) He says that intervention would be ethnocentric.
B) He says that intervention would cause World War III.
C) He says that intervention would be too expensive.
D) He says that intervention would cause a global economic collapse.

Question 27

Sinead is part of a non-violent group of people concerned about the lack of public consultation and the secrecy surrounding the trade talks at the FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas)meetings in Quebec City in April 2001.Which of the following tactics is Sinead's group most likely to engage in to protest?

A) throwing Molotov cocktails at the barricades keeping them out of the trade talks
B) meeting at Starbucks to write letters to government officials
C) kidnapping high-ranking diplomats to exchange for information about the FTAA
D) organizing street theatre, music, and mass sit-ins at the FTAA talk site

Question 28

Which of the following concepts is McDonaldization an extension of?

A) glocalization
B) globalization
C) commodification
D) rationalization

Question 29

Which of the following is the main characteristic of transnational corporations?

A) They exploit natural resources.
B) They sell to domestic markets.
C) They rely on foreign labour.
D) They work with national governments.

Question 30

Which of the following has increased through the pursuit of higher profits?

A) modernization
B) globalization
C) dependency
D) colonialism

Question 31

Mira works for GEN-X,a large corporation that employs people in 30 nations.Which of the following differentiates her organization from a more traditional one?

A) It is more likely to manufacture industrial goods.
B) It is more likely to have the bulk of sales in the same nation as headquarters are located.
C) It is more likely to work closely with the governments of all of the nations it is located in.
D) It is more likely to spend massive amounts of money on advertising campaigns.

Question 32

In an argument in class about the homogenizing effects of globalization,Freja points out that even in multinational chain stores and restaurants,there are locally influenced differences in what is available and desirable.Which of the following theories could Freja draw upon for support for her argument?

A) conflict theory
B) structural functionalism
C) postmodernism
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 33

When Dion was hired at a large office supply chain store,he had to memorize scripts for every possible interaction with customers and every procedure he may have to perform.What process is at work in Dion's workplace?

A) globalization
B) commodification
C) rationalization
D) internationalization

Question 34

Which of the following reflects an Islamic fundamentalist definition of the word jihad?

A) a holy war waged against those who seek to harm Muslims
B) perseverance in the pursuit of high moral standards
C) striving or struggling to achieve spiritual purity for Muslims
D) the deployment of suicide bombers in pursuit of national economic gain

Question 35

In an argument in class about the homogenizing effects of globalization,Freja points out that even in multinational chain stores and restaurants,there are locally influenced differences in what is available and desirable.What concept is she supporting?

A) McDonaldization
B) glocalization
C) imperialism
D) global commodification

Question 36

Which American state's domestic economy is equal to that of Canada?

A) California
B) New York
C) Illinois
D) Texas

Question 37

Who defined the concept of McDonaldization?

A) Max Weber
B) Benjamin Barber
C) George Ritzer
D) Gordon Laxer

Question 38

What does the case of tobacco manufacturer Philip Morris's attempts to establish a market in Korea illustrate?

A) Politics and economics can work against one another.
B) Politics and economics often reinforce one another.
C) Politics may encourage trade but the economics do not allow for it.
D) The economics may encourage trade but the politics do not support it.

Question 39

Simi lives in the trading bloc that accounts for the most economic activity worldwide.Which trading bloc does she live in?

A) the Asian bloc
B) the European bloc
C) the North American bloc
D) the Pacific bloc

Question 40

Simi lives in the trading bloc that accounts for the most economic activity worldwide.In which nation is she likely to live?

A) either Canada, the United States or Mexico
B) either Japan or China
C) either Germany or France
D) either Australia or New Zealand

Question 41

What can be concluded using the Gini index figures regarding inequality?

A) Inequality is greater within certain nations than worldwide.
B) Inequality is greater worldwide than within any one nation.
C) Inequality is the same worldwide as within certain nations.
D) Inequality worldwide is roughly 30 times that of the inequality within any one nation.

Question 42

In contrasting the situations between the $100-per-plate birthday dinners for pet cats in New York City with the fact that 70 000 Filipino people live in a garbage dump,what did the United Nations say about the level global inequality?

A) It is unnerving.
B) It is pathetic.
C) It is shameful.
D) It is grotesque.

Question 43

Extrapolating from the 1998 numbers given in the textbook,what would it cost annually to provide basic education for everyone in the world?

A) $12 billion
B) $18 billion
C) $24 billion
D) $26 billion

Question 44

According to the textbook,when did globalization take off in an unprecedented way?

A) 1960
B) 1970
C) 1980
D) 1990

Question 45

Extrapolating from the 1998 numbers given in the textbook,what would it cost annually to provide water and sanitation for everyone in the world?

A) $12 billion
B) $18 billion
C) $24 billion
D) $26 billion

Question 46

Which of the following theories does modernization theory have roots in?

A) structural functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) postmodernism

Question 47

According to textbook author John Lie's economics professors,what triple catastrophe would be experienced by nations who did not embrace Western ideas about development?

A) underpopulation, starvation, and economic underdevelopment
B) rapid urbanization, overpopulation, and economic underdevelopment
C) starvation, disease, and declining population
D) rapid industrialization, pollution, and starvation

Question 48

Judging by the list of spending priorities shown in the textbook,what values are highlighted?

A) collectivism
B) individualism
C) familialism
D) multiculturalism

Question 49

What does a Gini index number of 0.8 suggest?

A) Individuals in the nation have 100 percent inequality.
B) Individuals in the nation have a startlingly high level of inequality.
C) Individuals in the nation have an incredibly low level of inequality.
D) Individuals in the nation have no inequality whatsoever.

Question 50

Extrapolating from the 1998 numbers given in the textbook,what would it cost annually to provide reproductive health care for all women in the world?

A) $12 billion
B) $18 billion
C) $24 billion
D) $26 billion

Question 51

What name is given by the residents to the mountain of garbage that is home to 70 000 Filipinos?

A) the Tomb
B) the City of Joy
C) the Promised Land
D) the Wastelands

Question 52

The richest one percent of the world's population today earns as much as what percentage of the world population?

A) 11 percent
B) 33 percent
C) 66 percent
D) 99 percent

Question 53

In contrast to several theories about when globalization began,when do the textbook's authors suggest that it began?

A) approximately three or four decades ago
B) approximately 125 years ago
C) approximately 500 years ago
D) approximately 5000 years ago

Question 54

Extrapolating from the 1998 numbers given in the textbook,what would it cost annually to provide basic health and nutrition for everyone in the world?

A) $12 billion
B) $18 billion
C) $24 billion
D) $26 billion

Question 55

What does a Gini index number of 0.1 suggest?

A) Individuals in the nation have 100 percent inequality.
B) Individuals in the nation have a startlingly high level of inequality.
C) Individuals in the nation have an incredibly low level of inequality.
D) Individuals in the nation have no inequality whatsoever.

Question 56

Tammy's professor has told the class that if Ethiopia would simply adopt a more Western style of thinking and behaving,that nation would cease to be poor.What theory is Tammy's professor proposing?

A) dependency theory
B) world systems theory
C) modernization theory
D) new international division of labour theory

Question 57

According to the textbook,which of the following pairs of events were instrumental in slowing the rate of globalization in the twentieth century?

A) World War I and the Great Depression
B) World War I and World War II
C) the Great Depression and World War II
D) the Great Depression and the fall of communism

Question 58

Globally,which of the following spending priorities is the highest by a huge margin?

A) entertainment
B) drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes
C) military
D) health care

Question 59

Which of the following theories does dependency theory have roots in?

A) structural functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionsm
D) postmodernism

Question 60

Matthew argues with his professor,saying that the reason that Latin America continues to be poor is due to the greed of nations like Canada and the United States,which keep Latin America trapped in a cycle of debt.What theory is Matthew's argument informed by?

A) dependency theory
B) world systems theory
C) modernization theory
D) new international division of labour theory

Question 61

Katherine is opposed to foreign investment and free trade in poor countries.She believes that it does nothing to help them and instead creates even higher levels of poverty and suffering.What theory is her analysis consistent with?

A) modernization theory
B) world systems theory
C) dependency theory
D) new international division of labour theory

Question 62

Which of the following ideas is a dependency theorist most likely to embrace?

A) Multinational corporations should invest more in poor countries in order to jump-start poor economies.
B) Governments of rich nations should put more pressure on governments of poor nations to become increasingly democratic.
C) Governments in wealthy nations should offer increased financial assistance to poor nations to help them create the infrastructure they need.
D) Economic underdevelopment is the main reason that poor nations experience so much inequality therefore rich nations should loan poor nations money they need to kick-start their economies.

Question 63

According to Wallerstein's theory,what type of nation is Canada?

A) a core capitalist nation
B) a core peripheral nation
C) a peripheral capitalist nation
D) a semiperipheral capitalist nation

Question 64

What does dependency theory focus on?

A) the internal characteristics of poor nations
B) the internal characteristics of rich nations
C) the internal characteristics of rich and poor nations equally
D) the relationship between rich and poor nations

Question 65

Approximately how much do interest payments for debts owed by poor nations to rich nations amount to?

A) $1 million per day
B) $2 million per day
C) $1 billion per day
D) $2 billion per day

Question 66

Why did the United States offer financial assistance to Taiwan,Korea,and Israel after World War II?

A) because the United States felt a moral responsibility to these nations as the worst victims of Hitler's regime
B) because the United States believed these nations were the most politically important
C) because these nations exhibited the most need of all the nations after World War II
D) because, due to widespread prejudice, no one else would assist these nations

Question 67

Barry argues that the poorest nations are the least likely to be helped and the most likely to be harmed by foreign-controlled economic growth strategies.What does his argument stem from?

A) a summary of the most recent research on foreign trade and investment
B) outdated research on foreign trade and investment
C) research based on only a handful of currently industrializing nations
D) research based on nations with often corrupt, authoritarian governments

Question 68

The country where Thomas lives has abundant natural resources,which are quickly being extracted and sold,and he and most people he knows work long,backbreaking hours for a small amount of money per day.According to Wallerstein's theory,which country does Thomas most likely live in?

A) Japan
B) Guatemala
C) Israel
D) Taiwan

Question 69

Using the same rationale as the United States used in determining which nations to pour financial aid into and which to ignore,which of the following is the most important driver of assistance?

A) moral obligations
B) historical relationships
C) geopolitical locations
D) beneficiary need

Question 70

Besides Slumdog Millionaire,which of the following high-grossing Hollywood films has led to embarrassment due to the producer's scandalous treatment of the actors?

A) City of Joy
B) The Kite Runner
C) The Namesake
D) The English Patient

Question 71

The real life scandal regarding the $250 million-grossing film Slumdog Millionaire reproduces which of the following themes?

A) sexual exploitation
B) human trafficking
C) economic exploitation
D) misogyny

Question 72

Consider the following list of characteristics: white settler colonialism that reinvests wealth produced locally; strong geopolitical alliances with core nations; a relatively protectionist set of state policies; a small manufacturing sector and a large proportion of foreign ownership.What nation does this list describe?

A) the United States
B) Canada
C) Japan
D) Great Britain

Question 73

Which of the following nations has realized the most significant positive change in its share of world gross domestic product between 1980 and 2010?

A) the United States
B) Japan
C) India
D) China

Question 74

Which of the following is supported by the World Trade Organization,the International Monetary Fund,and the World Bank?

A) Canadian state policy
B) government intervention
C) the welfare state
D) neoliberal globalization

Question 75

According to the textbook,why are there still so many civil wars and armed conflicts today in postcolonial Africa?

A) because imperial powers like the United States have fostered conflicts between people to make them easier to control
B) because many of the nations there have a history of violence with one another
C) because local governments benefit as war provides a legitimate reason for seeking aid
D) because everyone wants control of the rich resources, like diamonds, that are available for extraction by the strongest tribe

Question 76

In which area of the world did the United States government use military intervention to resist land reform because U.S.commercial interests would profit more without it?

A) New Zealand and Tanzania
B) Taiwan and South Korea
C) South Africa
D) Latin America

Question 77

The country where Thomas lives has abundant natural resources,which are quickly being extracted and sold,and he and most people he knows work long,backbreaking hours for a small amount of money per day.According to Wallerstein,what type of nation does Thomas live in?

A) a core capitalist nation
B) a core peripheral nation
C) a peripheral capitalist nation
D) a semiperipheral capitalist nation

Question 78

Carolina lives in a semiperipheral capitalist country.Which of the following countries is her home?

A) Japan
B) Guatemala
C) Israel
D) Germany

Question 79

What does modernization theory focus on?

A) the internal characteristics of poor nations
B) the internal characteristics of rich nations
C) the internal characteristics of rich and poor nations equally
D) the relationship between rich and poor nations

Question 80

Which of the following nations has realized the most significant negative change in its share of world gross domestic product between 1980 and 2010?

A) United States
B) Japan
C) Canada
D) China