Deck 11: The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution, 1815-1848

Question 1

The Greek war of independence:

A)pitted various Greek groups against the Ottoman Turks.
B)was both peaceful and bloodless.
C)led to the repeal of the London Protocols.
D)resulted in the destruction of the Ottoman Empire.
E)resulted in the capture of Constantinople.

Answer 1

pitted various Greek groups against the Ottoman Turks.

Question 2

This nineteenth century system of thought was in large measure a response to the visible problems ushered in by industrialization.

A)Liberalism
B)Marxism
C)Nationalism
D)Romanticism
E)Socialism

Answer 2

Socialism

Question 3

One of the most influential nationalist thinkers of the nineteenth century who argued that civilization sprang from the culture of the common people,not from a learned or cultivated elite.

A)Edmund Burke
B)Karl Marx
C)Johann von Herder
D)Friedrich List
E)Jeremy Betham

Answer 3

Johann von Herder

Question 4

The revolutions in South America were aided in 1823 when the United States issued the:

A)Doctrine of Manifest Destiny.
B)Jefferson/Jackson Doctrine.
C)Monroe Doctrine.
D)Treaty of La Plata.
E)Madison Memorandum.

Question 5

English poet of the Romantic period and author of Prometheus Unbound.

A)John Keats
B)Lord Byron
C)William Wordsworth
D)William Blake
E)Percy Shelley

Question 6

The Troppau Memorandum,which was signed by Russia,Prussia,and Austria,called upon the signatories to aid one another:

A)in times of economic depression.
B)in repelling a foreign invasion.
C)in waging an offensive war.
D)in suppressing revolution.
E)in defending the religious basis of monarchical power.

Question 7

Which of the below Romantics and their works is incorrectly paired:

A)Frankenstein-Shelley
B)Prometheus Unbond-Blake
C)Notre-Dame de Paris-Hugo
D)Passions of Young Werther-Goethe
E)The Ruined Cottage-Burns

Question 8

This radical thinker of the eighteenth century advocated a general reorganization of society on the basis of cooperation and mutual respect:

A)Robert Owen.
B)Karl Mark.
C)Louis Blanc.
D)Charles Fourier.
E)Adam Smith.

Question 9

The "Concert of Europe":

A)excluded Russia,but included France with Prussia and Austria.
B)was a movement supporting Greek independence.
C)was created in the wake of the revolutions of 1848.
D)was another name for the alliance signed by Austria,Prussia,Britain,and Russia.
E)was an alliance between Austria,France,and Prussia.

Question 10

The most significant example of middle-class power in nineteenth century Britain was:

A)passage of the Reform Bill of 1832.
B)the Chartist movement.
C)repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846.
D)passage of the Six Acts of 1819.
E)repeal of the Slave Act of 1829.

Question 11

The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 was:

A)a direct response to the formation of the Third Section.
B)initiated by an elite corps of Russian army officers.
C)caused by the assassination of Nicholas I.
D)caused by a fuel shortage in Saint Petersburg after the death of Alexander I.
E)led by army officers obsessed with Jacobin republicanism.

Question 12

Two authors who interpreted the Greek war for independence (1821-1827)as a struggle between an ancient pre-Christian European heritage and the Ottoman Empire were:

A)Shelly and Keats.
B)Marx and Blake.
C)Shelley and Blake.
D)Shelley and Byron.
E)Keats and Wordsworth.

Question 13

Some members of the Concert of Europe which allied themselves in the Holy Alliance were:

A)France,Prussia,and Austria.
B)Prussia,Russia,and Great Britain.
C)Russia,Austria,and France.
D)France,Great Britain,and Austria.
E)Austria,Russia,and Prussia.

Question 14

At the Congress of Vienna all were concerns of Metternich except:

A)checking Russian expansionism.
B)preventing political and social change.
C)maintaining Poland's independence.
D)treating the defeated French with moderation.
E)maintaining legitimacy.

Question 15

Conservatives at the Congress of Vienna believed in the statements below except:

A)the monarchy guaranteed political stability.
B)middle class professionals were the rightful leaders of the nation.
C)change had to be slow,incremental and managed.
D)conserving the past and cultivating tradition would ensure an orderly future.
E)to legitimize the authority of restored monarchs.

Question 16

Although many nations participated in the Congress of Vienna,the guiding hand was attached to:

A)Charles Maurice de Talleyrand.
B)Tsar Alexander I.
C)Emperor Frederick William III.
D)Alexander Ypsilantis.
E)Prince Klemens von Metternich.

Question 17

Realignment of European boarders after the Congress of Vienna,included all except:

A)the Polish kingdom remained under the joint control of Prussia and Russia.
B)the kingdom of the Netherlands was restored.
C)Prussia received the left bank of the Rhine.
D)the 39 German states were recognized.
E)Britain received the island of Ceylon (Sri Lanka).

Question 18

Liberalism's fundamental principles in the aftermath of the French Revolution included all of the below except:

A)equality before the law.
B)direct democracy.
C)freedom of expression.
D)consent of the governed.
E)the collective nation.

Question 19

Both Beethoven and Goethe as artists:

A)marked the transition between eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
B)created works that embraced the cult of individual heroism.
C)sympathized with the romantic's quasi-mystical view of nature.
D)a shared search for new ways of seeing and hearing.
E)exhibited classical overtones In their artistic works.

Question 20

The principal ideology that guided the Congress of Vienna was:

A)the principle of legitimacy.
B)the restoration of the French monarchy.
C)the creed of economic and political liberalism.
D)the utilitarianism of the Benthamites.
E)a balance of power.

Question 21

Romanticism was exhibited in the paintings of the British artist:

A)William Wordsworth.
B)J.M.W.Turner.
C)Inigo Jones.
D)Thomas Gainsborough.
E)Eugene Delacroix.

Question 22

The writings of the seventeenth-century political philosopher,John Locke,formed the basis for English:

A)royalists.
B)conservatives.
C)liberals.
D)democrats.
E)republicans.

Question 23

The fiercest critic of British industrial society was the poet:

A)William Blake.
B)Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
C)John Constable.
D)John Keats.
E)Percy Bysshe Shelley.

Question 24

Victor Hugo wrote:

A)plays that extolled the virtues of middle-class respectability.
B)Faust and The Raft of the Medusa.
C)poems that dwelled on the "imaginative landscape of the mind."
D)novels sympathetic to the plight of the common person.
E)courtly romances.

Question 25

During the nineteenth century,many European economists such as _________ sought to develop national economies and national infrastructures in keeping with the general rise of nationalism.

A)Franz Liszt
B)Friedrich Strassmann
C)Adam Smith
D)Thorstein Veblen
E)Friedrich List

Question 26

The basis of nineteenth-century conservatism was a belief in political stability,which the conservatives thought would be guaranteed by the:

A)monarchy.
B)army.
C)workers.
D)peasantry.
E)middle class.

Question 27

The July Ordinances of 1830 issued by Charles X dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies,imposed strict censorship on the press,and:

A)reduced the power of the nobility.
B)called for new elections.
C)restricted the Catholic Church.
D)repealed the Napoleonic legal code.
E)restricted suffrage.

Question 28

In The Condition of the Working Class in England,Friedrich Engels:

A)argued that the standard of living had increased for skilled workers.
B)gave an empirical report describing the misery of British factory workers.
C)described his observations of a textile factory in Essen,Germany.
D)offered a philosophical justification for dialectical materialism.
E)stated that the workers' revolution he had predicted earlier would never occur in England.

Question 29

The utopian socialist Robert Owen put his beliefs into practice in his cotton factory in:

A)Middleville,Massachusetts.
B)Fourier,Provence.
C)Cardiff,Wales.
D)Birmingham,England.
E)New Lanark,Scotland.

Question 30

In general,the Romantics would be likely to argue that:

A)reason was capable of revealing the world as it existed.
B)all poetic imagination must be subject to the laws of knowledge.
C)nature reveals nothing,the mind everything.
D)truth could be found in the art of the ancient world.
E)the philosophes had elevated reason above emotion and spontaneity.

Question 31

An example of Italian nationalism can be found in the Rossini opera:

A)William Tell.
B)Tales of the Brothers Grimm.
C)Il Travatore.
D)Il Trittico.
E)Macbeth.

Question 32

The modern ideologies that were first articulated in the nineteenth century following the defeat of Napoleon included all of the following except:

A)nationalism.
B)socialism.
C)conservatism.
D)liberalism.
E)conciliarism.

Question 33

Which of the following philosophers is often considered to be a precursor to the Romantic Movement?

A)Denis Diderot
B)Immanuel Kant
C)Voltaire
D)Jean-Jacques Rousseau
E)René Descartes

Question 34

One of the best-known images of the revolutions of 1830 is Liberty Leading the People by:

A)Francisco Guy.
B)Jacques-Louis David.
C)Eugene Delacroix.
D)Theodore Gericault.
E)J.M.W.Turner.

Question 35

Two well-known female French writers of the Romantic Age were Germaine de Staël and:

A)George Eliot.
B)Germaine Necker.
C)Elizabeth Vigrée-Lebrun.
D)George Sand.
E)Jane Austen.

Question 36

Beethoven and Goethe:

A)admired Napoleon as a revolutionary hero.
B)wanted their art to revolutionize the lowest orders of European society.
C)used their art to emulate the "French style."
D)illustrate the difficulty of assigning a single definition to Romanticism.
E)were the greatest composer and writer,respectively,of the Neoclassical Age.

Question 37

A distinction may be drawn between liberals and republicans on the issue of:

A)rates of taxation.
B)public welfare.
C)national healthcare.
D)expanding the franchise.
E)universal education.

Question 38

One of the most influential British liberals and author of The Principles of Morals and Legislation was:

A)John Stuart Mill.
B)David Ricardo.
C)Jeremy Bentham.
D)Adam Smith.
E)James Mill.

Question 39

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe influenced the Romantics greatly through his first popular novel:

A)The Passions of Young Werther.
B)Grimm Tales of Germany.
C)William Tell.
D)Faust.
E)Das Lied von der Erde.

Question 40

A Romantic would probably argue that human nature is:

A)diverse,and therefore subject to no natural laws.
B)incapable of expression in art.
C)universal,and therefore subject to investigation.
D)necessarily evil.
E)basically good.

Question 41

The passion for theories and histories of distinctive Eastern cultures created broad interest in what contemporary 19th Europeans called the "Orient." The great power became political rivals in the areas of non-European cultures in North Africa,the eastern Mediterranean,the Arabian peninsula and eventually Asia.

Question 42

On the Italian peninsula,the Carbonari,the term given to the feared secret police,ruthlessly repressed political opposition to the conservative regime emplaced after the Congress of Vienna.

Question 43

The aims of Tsar Alexander's "Holy Alliance" were to establish justice,Christian charity,and peace.

Question 44

Talleyrand survived the French Revolution by fleeing to the United States.

Question 45

Slavery was abolished last in:

A)Cuba.
B)the United States.
C)Brazil.
D)Venezuela.
E)Jamaica.

Question 46

Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment and classicism.

Question 47

After the fall of Napoleon,France still remained the most powerful continental state due to his efforts to centralize power and his governmental reforms.

Question 48

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations was the founding text for "economic liberalism."

Question 49

The Congress of Vienna joined the Netherlands and Belgium together as a buffer against France,but the Belgians never accepted this arrangement and they revolted one of the following.

A)the Congress of Berlin.
B)Napoleon's escape from Elba.
C)passage of the July Ordinances.
D)the French Revolution of 1830.
E)the partition of Poland.

Question 50

The one slave revolt that succeeded in the years following the French Revolution occurred in:

A)Jamaica.
B)Demerara.
C)Barbados.
D)Saint-Domingue.
E)Guadaloupe.

Question 51

The Reform Bill of 1832:

A)created equal electoral districts.
B)passed because the governing class feared a union of the working and middle classes.
C)gave the vote to all males except those employed as agricultural workers.
D)did not cleanse Parliament of "rotten" or "pocket" boroughs.
E)extended the franchise to all adult males and most women.

Question 52

In his Reflections on the Revolution in France,Edmund Burk expressed his belief that enthusiasm for constitutions was misguided,and the Enlightenment's emphasis on what he called the "conquering power of reason" to be dangerous.

Question 53

In the years following the Serb revolt and the subsequent Greek war for independence (1821-1827),neither of the new nations broke their close links with the Ottomans.

Question 54

The revolutions of 1830 and the subsequent reforms that were implemented were ultimately caused by the:

A)Six Acts passed by the British Parliament.
B)Chartist movement in England.
C)Congress of Vienna.
D)publication of The Communist Manifesto.
E)creation of the Second Republic.

Question 55

After the Congress of Vienna,a ruler was made legitimate not only by a claim to divine right,but also by international treaties and support.

Question 56

Between 1839 and 1848,the leading British voice(s)calling for democracy:

A)was the International Workingmen's Association.
B)were the socialists in a great many organizations.
C)was the landed aristocracy;they believed they could control the peasants' votes.
D)were the Chartists,who gathered 6 million signatures in support in 1848.
E)was the British Communist Party.

Question 57

The successful revolt of 1830 led by Polish officers in the army,resulted in the creation of an independent Polish nation.

Question 58

In early 1848,in response to unemployment and underemployment,the French government established public works projects in and around Paris under the name:

A)Works Progress Administration.
B)Paris Commune.
C)National Recovery Agency.
D)National Workshops.
E)Civilian Conservation Corps.

Question 59

Liberalism required democracy.

Question 60

As a result of "Peterloo," Parliament passed the Six Acts,which included:

A)restrictions on the rights of public meeting.
B)provisions for an eight-hour workday.
C)universal manhood suffrage.
D)the repeal of the Stamp Act.
E)a repeal of the Corn Laws.

Question 61

Why was restoration not possible in Latin America?

Question 62

Isaac Newton's studies of light played an important part in the Romantic painters' new uses of light.

Question 63

How was Marx's socialism different from socialism in general?

Question 64

Why was the Greek war for independence so attractive to European powers?

Question 65

What factors contributed to the abolition of the slave trade and then slavery in the nineteenth century?

Question 66

How did republicanism and socialism differ from liberalism?

Question 67

The second French Revolution prompted rebellion in Spain and Belgium.

Question 68

How was nationalism transformed by the state?

Question 69

What factors contributed to the second French Revolution in 1830?

Question 70

What changes did the new regime in Britain enact in order to avoid revolution?

Question 71

The Romantics were a conservative force who looked back to religion and history for inspiration.

Question 72

How did Romanticism challenge the gender roles of men and women in the nineteenth century?

Question 73

What was Orientalism?