Deck 5: Human Development

Question 1

Twila has no problems going to sleep at night, but she wakes up often during the night and considerably earlier than she would like to each morning. She does not feel rested when she gets up for the day, and since the problem has existed for weeks, her job performance is being affected. What is Twila's problem?

A) Narcolepsy
B) Insomnia
C) Sleep apnea
D) A REM-sleep behaviour disorder

Answer 1

Insomnia

Question 2

Zach often goes drinking with friends. Over time, he realizes that he can drink significantly more alcohol than he used to and still not get drunk. His body's decreasing responsiveness to the drug is called

A) tolerance.
B) withdrawal.
C) homeostasis.
D) myopia.

Answer 2

tolerance.

Question 3

Ecstasy works primarily by increasing ____________________ functioning, which leaves users feeling empathetic, warm, and elated. When the drug wears off, the user feels sluggish and depressed due to depletion of this same neurotransmitter. Over time, Ecstasy can permanently damage receptor sites.

A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) norepinephrine
D) GABA

Answer 3

serotonin

Question 4

While driving to school, Brandon thinks about his upcoming midterms. Another driver cuts him off, and he immediately focuses on controlling the car. Brandon has switched to

A) automatic processing.
B) controlled processing.
C) subjective consciousness.
D) circadian rhythms.

Question 5

Jason lives in New York and is going to California for the first time. He has always preferred to stay up late at night and get up late in the morning. Since he normally goes to bed at three a.m. and California time is three hours earlier than New York's, he thinks he will be on the same sleep schedule as everyone else. However, by the third day Jason finds he isn't sleepy until three a.m. What is responsible for resetting Jason's body clock?

A) Phototherapy
B) Circadian rhythms
C) The pons
D) Wernicke's area

Question 6

Victoria is a lifeguard on Cavendish beach. It is a particularly busy day with many people on the beach. As a lifeguard she needs to attend to the people in the water and ignore other interesting things. The ability to attend to specific things while ignoring others

A) consolidation.
B) suprachiasmatic processing.
C) melatonin.
D) selective attention.

Question 7

Opiates have a molecular structure that is similar to endorphins, our body's natural pain relievers. When Ahmed takes cold medicine with codeine in hopes of relieving a headache, the codeine stimulates the receptor sites that receive endorphins. Codeine is therefore a/an

A) agonist.
B) antagonist.
C) antipsychotic.
D) amphetamine.

Question 8

Naomi witnessed a hit-and-run accident but couldn't give the police any details about the vehicle. Under hypnosis, Naomi is able to provide the make and colour of the car as well as several numbers in the license plate. Unfortunately, this information is inaccessible in court because

A) when hypnotized, the body is in slow-wave sleep.
B) information stored during emotional events is not accessible to hypnotic techniques.
C) hypnosis has not been studied scientifically.
D) the increased suggestibility of hypnosis makes her memory vulnerable to distortion.

Question 9

Danny's older brother has been driving for many years. He loves to have long conversations with Danny when they go to their grandparents. Danny just started driving. He finds that when he starts talking too much he veers out of his lane. Eventually he will be able to do the same thing, but until then he has to use conscious attention and effort; that is, __________________ to drive safely.

A) automatic processing
B) circadian processing
C) selective attention
D) suprachiasmatic processing

Question 10

Lykins and Baer (2008) compared long-term meditators and demographically similar non-meditators who completed self-report measures of constructs related to the practice of mindfulness meditation. They found significant mean differences between meditators and non-meditators. Their findings replicate previous work which found that mediation training

A) appears to have no effects on well-being, depression, and physical health.
B) does not alter brain structure or activity.
C) appears to make people more anxious and upset.
D) appears to enhance well-being, decrease depression, and improve physical health.

Question 11

While driving to school, Brandon thinks about his upcoming midterms. When he reaches campus, he realizes that he doesn't remember most of the drive. Because he has been driving for several years, _______________________ allowed him to reach campus safely.

A) confabulation
B) automatic processing
C) subjective consciousness
D) controlled processing

Question 12

Orin is interested in learning how the body knows when it's supposed to sleep. He learns that his pineal gland is supposed to secrete a hormone called __________________ to relax his body.

A) melatonin
B) pontine
C) hypnopog
D) apnea

Question 13

The neurotransmitter dopamine has been implicated in psychosis. Antipsychotic medications decrease dopamine activity to reduce psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics must therefore be

A) foils.
B) protagonists.
C) agonists.
D) antagonists.

Question 14

Vince prefers to take classes later in the day and feels he is most productive in the afternoon and evening. His friend Francesca prefers to go to bed early and get up early, and she claims to feel more productive in the morning. Vince's and Francesca's preferences may be regulated by biological cycles called

A) circadian rhythms.
B) narcolepsy.
C) activation synthesis.
D) automatic processing.

Question 15

Orin is interested in learning how the body knows when it's supposed to sleep. He finds that most of his body's biological rhythms are regulated by the

A) narcoleptic faculty.
B) hypothalamus.
C) free-running rhythm.
D) preconscious.

Question 16

Neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN in the hypothalamus connect to the retina and optic nerve. When you wake up in the morning, exposure to light stimulates neurons in SCN to "reset." These neurons then send __________ to the pineal gland, which __________.

A) extitatory signals, increases the release of melatonin
B) extitatory signals, decreases the release of melatonin
C) inhibitory signals, decreases the release of melatonin
D) inhibitory signals, increases the release of melatonin

Question 17

Pietro's professor says that although many animals' behaviours are governed wholly by instinct, human beings have choices about what to do in any given situation. Thanks to evolution, humans have self-awareness, the ability to plan, and an ability to reflect on the possible courses of a given action. These abilities are components of a larger framework we call

A) priming.
B) the preconscious.
C) consciousness.
D) delta.

Question 18

Iris considers herself a procrastinator, who routinely leaves assignments until the last minute. As finals week approaches, she realizes she has several projects due and will not have time to sleep if she hopes to get them all done. Sleep deprivation is likely to affect her critical thinking skills in that she is likely to perform _______________ than someone who is rested.

A) more poorly
B) better
C) at the same level as
D) We don't know. The effects of sleep deprivation are different from person to person.

Question 19

Because we learn to do familiar tasks automatically, we can focus our time and energy on other things. The problem with always relying on automatic processing is that

A) we become automatons.
B) we reduce our chances of finding new or more efficient ways to approach problems.
C) the brain can literally get stuck, leading to mental illness.
D) our circadian rhythms can be affected.

Question 20

Some tribal cultures have relied on hallucinogens to communicate with spirits and ancestors. Which of the following is true?

A) Research suggests that a spirit world probably does exist, but we can't normally see it because of our inhibitions.
B) Hallucinogens distort sensory experiences and blur the boundaries between what's real and what's fantasy.
C) Only tribal people report having religious experiences with hallucinogens.
D) Hallucinogens produce hallucinatory effects only the first few times you take them.

Question 21

After a few drinks, alcohol reduces inhibition, impairs judgment, and impairs coordination. Alcohol would be classified as a

A) depressant.
B) sedative.
C) opioid.
D) stimulant.

Question 22

Quinn is at a party and a friend offers her a small pill that he tells her to put under her tongue. It is most likely LSD (lysergic acid diethyl amide). Quinn takes the drug about half an hour later she starts to see a little people, like the ones in "The Littles" a book she read as a child, running under the couch and behind the chair. This leads you to believe that LSD is a

A) depressant.
B) sedative.
C) hallucinogen.
D) stimulant.

Question 23

Coffee, tea, chocolate, soda, candy, and energy drinks all contain caffeine. Small amounts of caffeine help you stay awake and increase alertness, but only for a short amount of time. Large amounts of caffeine can cause sleep interruptions, restlessness, and cardiac arrest. Caffine would be classified as a

A) depressant.
B) sedative.
C) hallucinogen.
D) stimulant.

Question 24

While driving home one evening, Owen is so involved in his cell phone conversation that he doesn't notice an empty car at the side of the road and hits it. Owen is all right, but since it wasn't yet dark, the police say Owen should have had no problems seeing the car. When they learn he was talking on his phone, they say that because he was distracted, other stimuli didn't register in his consciousness. This phenomenon is referred to as

A) top-down processing.
B) shadowing.
C) inattentional blindness.
D) a Gestalt.