Deck 4: Section 4: Learning

Question 1

Using partial reinforcement, _____ schedules are much more resistant to extinction than _____ schedules.

A) variable; fixed
B) fixed; ratio
C) interval; variable
D) fixed; variable

Answer 1

variable; fixed

Question 2

Children in Bandura's Bobo doll experiment imitated the behavior of an adult they observed when the adult's behavior was _____.

A) reinforced
B) punished
C) neither reinforced nor punished
D) All of these.

Answer 2

All of these.

Question 3

A child is given a sticker after every three times she cleans her room. This is an example of reinforcement on a _____.

A) fixed-interval schedule
B) variable-interval schedule
C) fixed-ratio schedule
D) variable-ratio schedule

Answer 3

fixed-ratio schedule

Question 4

According to operant conditioning, a child receiving a spanking for disobeying his parents is experiencing an example of _____.

A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) positive punishment
D) negative punishment

Question 5

During classical conditioning training trials, the _____ is presented just before the _____, which elicits the unconditioned response (UCR).

A) neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
B) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
C) neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
D) conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus

Question 6

Little Albert was classically conditioned to show fear avoidance in response to a white rat. However, Little Albert also showed fear avoidance when presented with white rabbits. This BEST illustrates the principle of _____.

A) stimulus generalization
B) spontaneous recovery
C) stimulus discrimination
D) acquisition

Question 7

Animals tend to learn associations consistent with their natural behavior more easily than those that are not consistent with their natural behavior. This is due to _____.

A) shaping
B) classical conditioning
C) instinctual drift
D) observational learning

Question 8

To decrease the probability of an undesirable behavior occurring, operant conditioning would suggest using _____.

A) spontaneous recovery
B) reinforcement
C) modeling
D) punishment

Question 9

Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery describe patterns of responses seen in _____.

A) classical conditioning only
B) classical conditioning and operant conditioning
C) operant conditioning only
D) observational learning only

Question 10

Learning that occurs but is not demonstrated until there is incentive to do so is termed _____.

A) latent learning
B) observational learning
C) reflexive learning
D) conditioning