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Deck 2: Scenarios
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Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which statement is true given that variables A and B are significantly correlated?
A)Variable A causes variable B OR variable B causes variable A.
B)Knowing the score on variable A allows for an estimate of the score on variable B.
C)There is no causal relationship between the two variables.
D)A third variable cannot be responsible for the observed association.
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which statement is true given that variables A and B are significantly correlated?
A)Variable A causes variable B OR variable B causes variable A.
B)Knowing the score on variable A allows for an estimate of the score on variable B.
C)There is no causal relationship between the two variables.
D)A third variable cannot be responsible for the observed association.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The dependent variable was:
A)the length of the vigilance task.
B)the instructions given.
C)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
D)sleep status.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The dependent variable was:
A)the length of the vigilance task.
B)the instructions given.
C)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
D)sleep status.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Participants were placed into groups using:
A)random sampling.
B)random assignment.
C)a double-blind technique.
D)the matched groups technique.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Participants were placed into groups using:
A)random sampling.
B)random assignment.
C)a double-blind technique.
D)the matched groups technique.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which pair is MOST likely to represent variables A and B?
A)height and weight
B)depression level and anxiety level
C)intelligence quotient and income
D)absences in course and score on final exam
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which pair is MOST likely to represent variables A and B?
A)height and weight
B)depression level and anxiety level
C)intelligence quotient and income
D)absences in course and score on final exam
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Vigilance was measured as the percentage of "enemy targets" destroyed.As a measure of vigilance,this illustrates:
A)an operational definition.
B)reliability.
C)statistical significance.
D)a construct.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Vigilance was measured as the percentage of "enemy targets" destroyed.As a measure of vigilance,this illustrates:
A)an operational definition.
B)reliability.
C)statistical significance.
D)a construct.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Figure 2.1 illustrates a _____ correlation between variables A and B.
A)moderate positive
B)moderate negative
C)perfect positive
D)perfect negative
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Figure 2.1 illustrates a _____ correlation between variables A and B.
A)moderate positive
B)moderate negative
C)perfect positive
D)perfect negative
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)In a simple correlational design,how would these data be collected?
A)Measure each participant's score on variables A and B.
B)Randomly assign participants to experience either variable A or variable B.
C)Manipulate variable A and then observe its effects on variable B.
D)Manipulate both variables A and B and observe their effects on the target behavior of interest.
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)In a simple correlational design,how would these data be collected?
A)Measure each participant's score on variables A and B.
B)Randomly assign participants to experience either variable A or variable B.
C)Manipulate variable A and then observe its effects on variable B.
D)Manipulate both variables A and B and observe their effects on the target behavior of interest.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The purpose of placing participants into one of the two groups by coin flip was to:
A)eliminate the demand characteristics operating in the study.
B)increase the external validity of the study.
C)help ensure that the two groups were equal on all possible third variables.
D)minimize experimenter bias.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The purpose of placing participants into one of the two groups by coin flip was to:
A)eliminate the demand characteristics operating in the study.
B)increase the external validity of the study.
C)help ensure that the two groups were equal on all possible third variables.
D)minimize experimenter bias.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The independent variable was:
A)the length of the vigilance task.
B)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
C)the degree of vigilance.
D)sleep status.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The independent variable was:
A)the length of the vigilance task.
B)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
C)the degree of vigilance.
D)sleep status.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Shown in Figure 6.2 is the mean and standard deviation of each group's performance.Based only on this figure,what can be concluded?
A)The difference in the sample means is not statistically significant.
B)The difference in the sample means is reliable.
C)On average,the sleep-deprived group performed about as well as the control group.
D)Participants in the sleep-deprived group behaved more variably than those in the control group.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Shown in Figure 6.2 is the mean and standard deviation of each group's performance.Based only on this figure,what can be concluded?
A)The difference in the sample means is not statistically significant.
B)The difference in the sample means is reliable.
C)On average,the sleep-deprived group performed about as well as the control group.
D)Participants in the sleep-deprived group behaved more variably than those in the control group.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which value is MOST likely to be the correlation coefficient (r)between variables A and B?
A)-)7
B)-)2
C)+)8
D)-1.5
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which value is MOST likely to be the correlation coefficient (r)between variables A and B?
A)-)7
B)-)2
C)+)8
D)-1.5
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Assuming the differences between groups were statistically significant,before concluding that sleep deprivation impairs vigilance,another dependent variable the researchers probably would want to analyze is:
A)the effects of longer or shorter periods of sleep deprivation on vigilance.
B)the number of times participants incorrectly destroyed an allied spacecraft.
C)how well the task resembles real-world instances of sustained vigilance.
D)the effect of breakfast on performance on the vigilance task.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Assuming the differences between groups were statistically significant,before concluding that sleep deprivation impairs vigilance,another dependent variable the researchers probably would want to analyze is:
A)the effects of longer or shorter periods of sleep deprivation on vigilance.
B)the number of times participants incorrectly destroyed an allied spacecraft.
C)how well the task resembles real-world instances of sustained vigilance.
D)the effect of breakfast on performance on the vigilance task.
Question
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Each data point on the scatterplot represents:
A)a single participant's score on variables A and B
B)a single participant's score on variable B
C)the score on variable B at the group mean of variable A
D)the score on variable A at the group mean of variable B
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Each data point on the scatterplot represents:
A)a single participant's score on variables A and B
B)a single participant's score on variable B
C)the score on variable B at the group mean of variable A
D)the score on variable A at the group mean of variable B
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Deck 2: Scenarios
1
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which statement is true given that variables A and B are significantly correlated?
A)Variable A causes variable B OR variable B causes variable A.
B)Knowing the score on variable A allows for an estimate of the score on variable B.
C)There is no causal relationship between the two variables.
D)A third variable cannot be responsible for the observed association.
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which statement is true given that variables A and B are significantly correlated?
A)Variable A causes variable B OR variable B causes variable A.
B)Knowing the score on variable A allows for an estimate of the score on variable B.
C)There is no causal relationship between the two variables.
D)A third variable cannot be responsible for the observed association.
Knowing the score on variable A allows for an estimate of the score on variable B.
2
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Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The dependent variable was:
A)the length of the vigilance task.
B)the instructions given.
C)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
D)sleep status.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The dependent variable was:
A)the length of the vigilance task.
B)the instructions given.
C)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
D)sleep status.
the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
3
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Participants were placed into groups using:
A)random sampling.
B)random assignment.
C)a double-blind technique.
D)the matched groups technique.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Participants were placed into groups using:
A)random sampling.
B)random assignment.
C)a double-blind technique.
D)the matched groups technique.
random assignment.
4
Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which pair is MOST likely to represent variables A and B?
A)height and weight
B)depression level and anxiety level
C)intelligence quotient and income
D)absences in course and score on final exam
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which pair is MOST likely to represent variables A and B?
A)height and weight
B)depression level and anxiety level
C)intelligence quotient and income
D)absences in course and score on final exam
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5
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Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Vigilance was measured as the percentage of "enemy targets" destroyed.As a measure of vigilance,this illustrates:
A)an operational definition.
B)reliability.
C)statistical significance.
D)a construct.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Vigilance was measured as the percentage of "enemy targets" destroyed.As a measure of vigilance,this illustrates:
A)an operational definition.
B)reliability.
C)statistical significance.
D)a construct.
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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Figure 2.1 illustrates a _____ correlation between variables A and B.
A)moderate positive
B)moderate negative
C)perfect positive
D)perfect negative
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Figure 2.1 illustrates a _____ correlation between variables A and B.
A)moderate positive
B)moderate negative
C)perfect positive
D)perfect negative
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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)In a simple correlational design,how would these data be collected?
A)Measure each participant's score on variables A and B.
B)Randomly assign participants to experience either variable A or variable B.
C)Manipulate variable A and then observe its effects on variable B.
D)Manipulate both variables A and B and observe their effects on the target behavior of interest.
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)In a simple correlational design,how would these data be collected?
A)Measure each participant's score on variables A and B.
B)Randomly assign participants to experience either variable A or variable B.
C)Manipulate variable A and then observe its effects on variable B.
D)Manipulate both variables A and B and observe their effects on the target behavior of interest.
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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The purpose of placing participants into one of the two groups by coin flip was to:
A)eliminate the demand characteristics operating in the study.
B)increase the external validity of the study.
C)help ensure that the two groups were equal on all possible third variables.
D)minimize experimenter bias.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The purpose of placing participants into one of the two groups by coin flip was to:
A)eliminate the demand characteristics operating in the study.
B)increase the external validity of the study.
C)help ensure that the two groups were equal on all possible third variables.
D)minimize experimenter bias.
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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The independent variable was:
A)the length of the vigilance task.
B)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
C)the degree of vigilance.
D)sleep status.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)The independent variable was:
A)the length of the vigilance task.
B)the percentage of enemy targets destroyed.
C)the degree of vigilance.
D)sleep status.
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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Shown in Figure 6.2 is the mean and standard deviation of each group's performance.Based only on this figure,what can be concluded?
A)The difference in the sample means is not statistically significant.
B)The difference in the sample means is reliable.
C)On average,the sleep-deprived group performed about as well as the control group.
D)Participants in the sleep-deprived group behaved more variably than those in the control group.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Shown in Figure 6.2 is the mean and standard deviation of each group's performance.Based only on this figure,what can be concluded?
A)The difference in the sample means is not statistically significant.
B)The difference in the sample means is reliable.
C)On average,the sleep-deprived group performed about as well as the control group.
D)Participants in the sleep-deprived group behaved more variably than those in the control group.
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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which value is MOST likely to be the correlation coefficient (r)between variables A and B?
A)-)7
B)-)2
C)+)8
D)-1.5
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Which value is MOST likely to be the correlation coefficient (r)between variables A and B?
A)-)7
B)-)2
C)+)8
D)-1.5
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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Assuming the differences between groups were statistically significant,before concluding that sleep deprivation impairs vigilance,another dependent variable the researchers probably would want to analyze is:
A)the effects of longer or shorter periods of sleep deprivation on vigilance.
B)the number of times participants incorrectly destroyed an allied spacecraft.
C)how well the task resembles real-world instances of sustained vigilance.
D)the effect of breakfast on performance on the vigilance task.
Scenario II
A psychologist was interested in the effects of sleep deprivation on performance on a vigilance task.Forty college students served as participants and were placed in either the sleep-deprivation group or the control group by coin flip.Both groups spent the night before the study in a sleep laboratory,but only the control group was allowed to sleep.By the next morning,the sleep-deprived group had been awake for the last 24 hours.At this time,both groups were provided a nutritious breakfast and,shortly thereafter,testing began in sound-attenuating cubicles,each equipped with a computer.The vigilance task consisted of monitoring the computer screen.Participants were instructed that red dots represented allied spacecraft and green dots represented enemy spacecraft.Throughout the 2-hour-long task,red dots moved across the screen in irregular patterns.Occasionally and unpredictably,a green dot would quickly move across the screen in a haphazard pattern.When a green dot appeared,the task of the participant was to move a stylus over the green dot and press a button,"destroying" the enemy spacecraft.The psychologist measured the percentage of these enemy targets that were detected and destroyed.
The results of this fictitious experiment are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(Scenario II)Assuming the differences between groups were statistically significant,before concluding that sleep deprivation impairs vigilance,another dependent variable the researchers probably would want to analyze is:
A)the effects of longer or shorter periods of sleep deprivation on vigilance.
B)the number of times participants incorrectly destroyed an allied spacecraft.
C)how well the task resembles real-world instances of sustained vigilance.
D)the effect of breakfast on performance on the vigilance task.
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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Each data point on the scatterplot represents:
A)a single participant's score on variables A and B
B)a single participant's score on variable B
C)the score on variable B at the group mean of variable A
D)the score on variable A at the group mean of variable B
Scenario I
Examine Figure 2.1 and then answer the following questions.
(Scenario I)Each data point on the scatterplot represents:
A)a single participant's score on variables A and B
B)a single participant's score on variable B
C)the score on variable B at the group mean of variable A
D)the score on variable A at the group mean of variable B
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