Deck 8: A: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Intrinsic motivation is one that propels a person to pursue an activity _______________.

A)for external rewards
B)for its own sake
C)to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation
D)in order to be judged favorably by others

Answer 1

for its own sake

Question 2

The ____________ approach to motivation suggests a connection between internal physical states and outward behavior.

A)arousal
B)drive-reduction
C)incentive
D)achievement

Answer 2

drive-reduction

Question 3

One positive outcome of instinct approaches was _____________.

A)that they gave birth to psychoanalytic theory
B)that psychologists began focusing on learning theories
C)that psychologists were now forced to consider the effects of heredity on behavior
D)a better explanation of behavior

Answer 3

that psychologists were now forced to consider the effects of heredity on behavior

Question 4

A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as ______.

A)primary motivation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)secondary motivation
D)extrinsic motivation

Question 5

__________ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs,such as those for food and water.

A)Motivation
B)A drive

Question 6

Extrinsic motivation is defined as ______________.

A)the pursuit of an activity for external reward
B)the pursuit of an activity for its own sake
C)the pursuit of an activity to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation
D)the pursuit of an activity in order to increase one's competence and skills

Question 7

According to drive-reduction theory,what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?

A)Tension is increased.
B)Stability is reduced.
C)Tension is reduced.
D)Drives are increased.

Question 8

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called _______________.

A)stability
B)equilibrium
C)homeostasis
D)physiological balance

Question 9

Instinct approaches to motivation have faded because they lacked the goal of _________ of psychology.

A)description
B)explanation
C)prediction
D)change

Question 10

The pursuit of an activity for external reward is called __________________.

A)the need for affiliation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)extrinsic motivation
D)a mastery goal

Question 11

Homeostasis is most like which of the following?

A)a car
B)a thermometer
C)a cooler
D)a thermostat

Question 12

Which statement about motivation is TRUE?

A)Motivation energizes and directs behavior.
B)We are always aware of motivational processes.
C)There is only one type of motivation.
D)Two people motivated by the same factor will satisfy that motive through similar means.

Question 13

The process by which activities are started,directed,and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called _____________.

A)motivation
B)emotion
C)achievement
D)synergy

Question 14

Early in the twentieth century William McDougal proposed that there were _______ human instincts.

A)5
B)9
C)18
D)24

Question 15

In the early twentieth century,psychologists were inclined to explain motivated behavior by attributing it to ______.

A)emotions
B)incentives
C)learned responses
D)instincts

Question 16

Salmon swimming upstream to spawn are an example of ______.

A)incentives
B)motives
C)instinct
D)needs

Question 17

To psychologists,motivation refers to __________.

A)a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs,such as those for food and water
B)a process in which an individual sets goals in order to increase his or her competence and skills
C)an inferred process within an organism that causes it to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation
D)movement through a hierarchy of needs,beginning with survival needs for sleep,food,and water and reaching the need for self-actualization

Question 18

The state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n)______.

A)emotion
B)impulse
C)drive
D)instinct

Question 19

What do we call biologically determined,innate patterns of behavior?

A)drives
B)instincts
C)releasing behaviors
D)universal behaviors

Question 20

You overhear a psychologist presenting a lecture to an introductory psychology class.The teacher mentions "purposeful or goal-directed behavior that may vary in intensity from one occasion to another." You recognize that he is talking about which type of behavior?

A)motivated
B)emotional
C)frustrated
D)preconscious

Question 21

Drives that are most strongly influenced by stimuli within the body are called ______ drives.

A)primary
B)tertiary
C)secondary
D)learned

Question 22

In the section "Three Types of Needs," which of the following was not discussed?

A)achievement
B)affiliation
C)power
D)sex

Question 23

Need for achievement is also referred to as ______________.

A)Ach
B)NFA
C)nAch
D)neech

Question 24

Which of the following is correct for all people high in the need for achievement?

A)They look for careers that pay a lot of money.
B)They look for careers and hobbies that allow others to evaluate them.
C)They look for careers that require little education.
D)They look for careers that will make them famous.

Question 25

Which of the following behaviors is NOT an example of drive-reduction theory?

A)getting some food when you are hungry
B)going to sleep when you are tired
C)getting something to drink when you are thirsty
D)going jogging when you are bored

Question 26

Drive-reduction theory would say getting a haircut to look attractive is a (an)___________.

A)homeostatic drive
B)acquired drive
C)primary drive
D)motive drive

Question 27

Thirst,sexual desire,and hunger are examples of ______ drives.

A)primary
B)reduction
C)secondary
D)internalized

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT an acquired drive?

A)a drive for great wealth
B)a drive to be successful in school
C)a drive to eat when hungry
D)a drive for high levels of achievement

Question 29

Drives serve to activate responses that are aimed at reducing the drive,thereby returning the body to a more normal state called ______________.

A)stability
B)equilibrium
C)homeostasis
D)physiological balance

Question 30

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst.This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches ______ theory.

A)reciprocity
B)homeostatic
C)needs
D)drive-reduction

Question 31

nAch is an abbreviation for ____________.

A)no achievement
B)need for achievement
C)no challenge
D)need for change

Question 32

The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by an organism's attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst and return the body to a state of balance is called ______ theory.

A)drive-reduction
B)homeostatic
C)needs
D)disequilibrium

Question 33

Primary drives are caused by ______.

A)exceptions to the drive-reduction principle
B)learned behaviors
C)stimuli within the body
D)stimuli outside the body

Question 34

Some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively-a state called ______.

A)unbalance
B)acquiescence
C)propinquity
D)homeostasis

Question 35

Physiologically based drives that are unlearned are called ______ drives.

A)primary
B)reflexive
C)acquired
D)tertiary

Question 36

The need for _____________ involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals.

A)achievement
B)power
C)motivation
D)emotion

Question 37

Drives that are learned through experience are called ______ drives.

A)primary
B)reflexive
C)acquired
D)tertiary

Question 38

Primary drives are ______.

A)learned
B)unlearned
C)produced by external incentives
D)exceptions to the drive-reduction principle

Question 39

Monica put all her time and energy into getting into the acting club because her main goal in life "was to be a famous star!" Monica's drive to be famous was a (an)______ drive.

A)primary
B)reflexive
C)acquired
D)tertiary

Question 40

Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?

A)eating food that tastes bad
B)going swimming on a hot day
C)eating when you are not hungry
D)smoking pot to relax

Question 41

Jack,compared to most other people,appears to need a high level of arousal.He enjoys doing potentially life-threatening hobbies such as sky diving,swimming with sharks,and bungee jumping from bridges.Jack is likely to be a __________.

A)show off
B)mentally unstable
C)sensation seeker
D)unhealthy

Question 42

A way to abbreviate need for power is _______________.

A)nPow
B)nAch
C)nEEP
D)nAff

Question 43

According to Carol Dweck,need for achievement is closely related to ________________.

A)genetics
B)geography
C)luck
D)personality factors

Question 44

Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A)task instructions
B)gender of person doing the task
C)age of person doing the task
D)difficulty of task

Question 45

According to Dweck,the best parenting advice one can give to help children succeed is ______________.

A)praise the good behavior and punish the bad
B)praise the good but say nothing about bad behavior
C)constructively criticize and link with praise for effort
D)criticize bad behavior and minimally praise good behavior

Question 46

Which one of the following statements would best be associated with Carol Dweck?

A)Looking smart is better than being smart.
B)Failure is a good way to learn.
C)Never fail,no matter what.
D)The best way to succeed is to always have the right answer.

Question 47

Sydney said,"I don't care much about my grades as long as I'm the most popular girl in the class!" What need is this?

A)need for achievement
B)need for affiliation
C)need for power
D)need for sex

Question 48

In arousal theory,people are said to have a (an)_________ level of tension.

A)ultimate
B)lower
C)optimal
D)high

Question 49

Which of the following examples best represents the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A)Bill has a bad test score because he did not study.
B)Dan plays his best games when they mean the most to the team and his arousal is moderately high.
C)Mary buys a new car.
D)Toni watches TV all night.

Question 50

Lester has high test anxiety,which tends to affect his test performance even though he studies a lot.According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law,which of the following activities will help Lester improve his performance?

A)Study harder.
B)Use relaxation exercises before each test.
C)Study less since his performance won't be that good anyway.
D)Get a tutor.

Question 51

According to Carol Dweck,these types of people believe intelligence is fixed,unchanging,and independent.

A)internal in locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external in locus of control

Question 52

A stimulus motive is ________________.

A)unlearned
B)learned
C)acquired
D)based on behavior

Question 53

Luc said,"I don't care what I do as long as I am the best at it!" What need is this?

A)need for achievement
B)need for affiliation
C)need for power
D)need for sex

Question 54

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors.Dr.Jones would be described as _______________ in arousal theory.

A)foolhardy
B)a person high in nPow
C)a sensation seeker

Question 55

Jack said,"I want to rule the world." What type of need is this?

A)need for achievement
B)need for affiliation
C)need for power
D)need for sex

Question 56

Donald believes all the teaching in the world will not change the fact that he is stupid and of below average intelligence.According to Dweck,what locus of control does Donald have?

A)internal locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external locus of control

Question 57

Glenn believes he can learn from his mistakes and that study and perseverance will help him improve his intelligence.According to Dweck,what locus of control does Glenn have?

A)internal locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external locus of control

Question 58

Bobby is a very active 5 year old compared to others in his class.He appears to seek a great deal of stimulation,and is very playful,curious,and explorative.Bobby's seemingly unlearned motives,which are likely to increase stimulation,are called __________.

A)developmental motives
B)exploratory motives
C)stimulus motives
D)cognitive motives

Question 59

The Yerkes-Dodson Law says _________________.

A)performance is affected by levels of physical arousal
B)the more money you make the better your job will be
C)nausea from bad food causes a reluctance to eat that food again
D)performance on tests is better in the morning

Question 60

According to Carol Dweck,people with this type of control believe intelligence is changeable and can be shaped by experience.

A)internal locus of control
B)decremental
C)incidental
D)external locus of control

Question 61

Bill has felt isolated and an "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year.As a result,he decided to rush a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge.According to Maslow,Bill may be attempting to meet the need of _______________.

A)freedom
B)belonging
C)transcendence
D)physiology

Question 62

Which of the following is one of the three inborn and universal needs that help people gain a complete sense of self and whole,healthy relationships with others,according to the self-determination theory?

A)autonomy
B)relevance
C)incompetence
D)rejection

Question 63

Maslow's work has had an impact on the field of ______________.

A)music
B)management
C)sports
D)pizza delivery

Question 64

Self-determination theory (SDT)best fits which type of motivation?

A)the need for affiliation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)extrinsic motivation
D)a mastery goal

Question 65

According to Maslow,the motive of self-actualization makes one want _________.

A)to fulfill one's inborn potential
B)to have frequent contact with others
C)to possess as many material goods as possible
D)to convince others of one's true worth

Question 66

Although Kim just ate a huge meal and feels "stuffed," the idea of a chocolate sundae is too good to pass up,so she orders one.Which motivational term explains the appeal of the sundae?

A)incentive
B)instinctive
C)drive reduction
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 67

Which of the following is a criticism of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)The highest level has never been attained.
B)Self-actualization is actually a biological drive.
C)The hierarchy does not have any focus on social needs.
D)There is a lack of scientific support.

Question 68

Jerry gets a great deal of fulfillment out of visiting the new art exhibits at the museum in town.He usually visits each exhibit several times during a show and finds beauty in a variety of different types of art works.Jerry is likely to visit the new exhibits in an effort to meet a(n)_______________ need.

A)freedom
B)belonging
C)power
D)aesthetic

Question 69

According to Abraham Maslow,developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in ___________.

A)safety
B)self-esteem
C)belongingness
D)self-actualization

Question 70

Jill is motivated by money and the things money will bring her.Jack is motivated by a belief in the importance of doing good things,and his incentives are based on that belief.Which theory incorporates both these types of motivational causes?

A)sensation-seeking theory
B)entity theory
C)increment theory
D)expectancy-value theory

Question 71

Things that attract or lure people to action are ______________.

A)instincts
B)incentives
C)stimuli
D)bait

Question 72

Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S.Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?

A)safety
B)self-esteem
C)belongingness
D)self-actualization

Question 73

Which of the following shows a focus on the lowest of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)Joan wants to live in a house with all the modern conveniences so that she may have more time to seek fulfillment from her career and family.
B)Frank feels that he is a good salesman because he likes what he does and knows how to do it well.
C)Barbara knows that as a teacher she is a good person because she realizes the importance of imparting knowledge to society.
D)Mark works hard as an attorney only so that he can attract more clients,more money,and be secure in the knowledge that his family can survive.

Question 74

Which of these is the correct sequence of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from the lowest to the highest?

A)physiological,safety,belongingness/love,esteem,self-actualization
B)esteem,safety,self-actualization,belongingness/love,physiological
C)safety,self-actualization,belongingness/love,esteem,physiological
D)safety,physiological,esteem,belongingness/love,self-actualization

Question 75

Michael has trained very long hours in order to qualify for the Olympics in diving.He has sacrificed a great deal as he put his education on hold and spent a lot of time away from his 2 small children and wife.To Michael,qualifying for the Olympics is a(n)__________.

A)instinctual drive
B)incentive
C)innate goal
D)optimum goal

Question 76

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy,which needs must be met first?

A)esteem
B)safety
C)physiological
D)belongingness and love

Question 77

One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives __________.

A)are inherited
B)exist inside a narrow collection of internal stimuli
C)exist independently of any need or level of arousal
D)only work for adults

Question 78

Little 2-year-old Dennis is always getting into things.He climbs up trees,jumps into lakes,and explores strange boxes.According to research,Dennis would be considered __________________.

A)low approach motivated
B)high approach motivated
C)moderate approach motivated
D)no approach motivated

Question 79

What is one of the criticisms of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)The highest level has never been attained.
B)Self-actualization is actually a biological drive.
C)The hierarchy does not have any focus on social needs.
D)Some people who struggle with lower needs may still satisfy higher needs.

Question 80

Jenna skipped dinner last night to stay up late studying for her final exam.She went to bed at 6 am and had to be at class by 8 am.Her alarm clock did not go off as scheduled,and she raced out the door without eating.As a result,she was very distracted by hunger pangs and lack of energy while taking the test.She later learned that she failed her exam.Jenna could have likely performed better on her final if she had met a_______________ need before the final.

A)freedom
B)belonging
C)transcendence
D)physiological