Deck 31: Ecosystems

Question 1

What do we often follow when studying ecosystems?

A)the movement of energy from one level to another
B)the movement of chaicals from one level to another
C)the movement of organisms from one area to another
D)the movement of predators from one area to another

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the definition of the standing crop biomass?

A)number of plant species present
B)dry weight of the plants
C)amount of sunlight absorbed by the plants
D)productivity of the plants

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following carbon reservoirs contain(s) the most carbon?

A)oceans
B)biomass on land
C)lakes
D)the atmosphere

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which ecosystems are the most rapidly growing habitats on the planet?

A)urban ecosystems
B)deciduous forest ecosystems
C)desert ecosystems
D)evergreen ecosystems

Question 5

How does the water move in the hydrologic cycle?

A)from the land to the air by transpiration, and back to the land via precipitation and evaporation
B)from the land to the air by transpiration and evaporation, and back to the land via precipitation
C)from the land to the air by precipitation and transpiration, and back to the land via evaporation
D)from the land to the air by precipitation, and back to the land via evaporation and transpiration

Question 6

What was demonstrated by the Hubbard Brook Watershed experiment?

A)that deforestation decreases flooding and the fertility of ecosystems
B)that deforestation increases flooding and decreases the fertility of ecosystems
C)that deforestation increases flooding and the fertility of ecosystems
D)that deforestation decreases flooding and increases the fertility of ecosystems

Question 7

What is the shape of the trophic pyramids, typically?

A)narrow at the base and wide at the top
B)narrow at the base and narrow at the top
C)wide at the base and wide at the top
D)wide at the base and narrow at the top

Question 8

What were the primary results from the Hubbard Brook Watershed Project?

A)that trees absorb too much water and are not useful in a watershed area
B)that deforestation causes flooding
C)the discovery of new plant species that absorb less water
D)that pollution is gravely affecting that water supply

Question 9

Which of following marine ecosystems have the highest mean net primary productivity?

A)upwelling zones
B)open oceans
C)kelp beds and reefs
D)continental shelves

Question 10

In a marine environment, what governs the rate of primary productivity?

A)available marine animals
B)available marine plants
C)available kelp
D)the depth of water

Question 11

Nearly all ecosystems receive a constant input of energy from which outside source?

A)bacteria
B)the Sun
C)biomass
D)nutrients

Question 12

What is the overall ecological efficiency of most organisms?

A)between 50 and 75%
B)between 10 and 50%
C)between 5 and 20%
D)between 2 and 5%

Question 13

Which of the following make up the largest reservoir of carbon?

A)rocks
B)producers
C)consumers
D)nutrients in soil

Question 14

Compare the length of day with the intensity of sunlight near the equator. How do they differ?

A)Sunlight is most intense and day length is most variable.
B)Sunlight is most intense and day length is least variable.
C)Sunlight is least intense and day length is most variable.
D)Sunlight is least intense and day length is least variable.

Question 15

Which two types of organisms make up the detrital food web?

A)carnivores and decomposers
B)decomposers and producers
C)producers and herbivores
D)decomposers and detritivores

Question 16

Which of the following statements best compares the pyramid of biomass for Silver Springs, Florida, and the English Channel?

A)The pyramid for Silver Springs is bottom heavy, and the English Channel pyramid is top heavy.
B)The pyramids for Silver Springs and the English Channel are both top heavy.
C)The pyramids for Silver Springs and the English Channel are the same.
D)The pyramid for Silver Springs is top heavy, and the English Channel pyramid is bottom heavy.

Question 17

What three factors determine the ecological efficiencies of consumers?

A)assimilation and harvesting efficiencies and water volume
B)production, harvesting, and assimilation efficiencies
C)production and harvesting efficiencies and amount of sunlight
D)production and harvesting efficiencies and percentage of decomposers

Question 18

Which ecosystem would have the lowest percentage of total net primary productivity?

A)open ocean
B)tundra
C)swamp and march
D)savanna

Question 19

How many energy transfers away from the Sun are herbivores?

A)four
B)three
C)two
D)one

Question 20

What was concluded from the energy flow study in Silver Springs?

A)Trophic energy losses are not significant.
B)Energy flows are difficult to measure.
C)Only a little energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
D)Most of the Sun's energy is harvested.

Question 21

How would it change the ecological efficiency if all humans became vegetarians?

Question 22

The most biomass in trees is leaves, which undergo photosynthesis.

Question 23

Which of the following is among the disadvantages of a simulation model of an ecosystem?

A)It does not take into account water availability.
B)It does not take into account nutrient availability.
C)It does not take into account interactions between organisms.
D)It may not be accurate.

Question 24

Which of the following would help reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

A)reducing water usage
B)driving to work
C)using electrical heat in homes
D)reducing emissions from factories

Question 25

Energy is conserved between each trophic level.

Question 26

A large percentage of energy passes on from one trophic level to the next.

Question 27

What helps to put the nature of ecosystems in context?

A)variations in the scale of connections
B)variations in the scale of interactions
C)stability in the scale of connections
D)stability in the scale of interactions

Question 28

What is the main cause of carbon dioxide buildup in the atmosphere?

A)droughts
B)deforestation
C)flooding
D)burning fossil fuels

Question 29

Large zooplankton decrease the ecosystem's main productivity when they are abundant.

Question 30

How would you calculate the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

Question 31

Energy losses are multiplied in successive energy transfers in a food web.

Question 32

Oceans and the tropical rain forests contribute equally to global productivity.

Question 33

What process takes place in nodules located on legumes?

A)biological magnification
B)ammonification
C)nitrogen fixation
D)nitrification

Question 34

What is the difference between biomes and ecozones?

A)Biomes are characteristic of specific climatic and topographic situations, while ecozones are generally reflected by their dominant biotas.
B)Ecozones are characteristic of specific climatic and topographic situations, while biomes are generally reflected by their dominant biotas.
C)Biomes are larger than ecozones.
D)Biomes are the same as ecozones.

Question 35

Which of the following plants CANNOT participate in nitrogen fixation?

A)peanuts
B)clover
C)wheat
D)roses

Question 36

What is the main natural source of phosphorus?

A)Earth's crust
B)fertilizer
C)guano
D)legumes

Question 37

Fossil fuels are the result of buried organisms where low oxygen levels existed.

Question 38

Lake ecosystems have many trophic levels.

Question 39

Water can be a limiting factor when measuring productivity.

Question 40

Which forms of nitrogen are readily usable by plants?

A)NH₄⁺ and NO_2-
B)NO_3- and NO_4-
C)NH₄⁺ and NO_3-
D)N₂ and NH₃

Question 41

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
reduction of productivity at higher trophic levels

Question 42

How do food webs relate to the idea of biological magnification of toxins?

Question 43

Why is the productivity poor in the deeper parts of the ocean?

Question 44

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
energy transfer from producers to consumers

Question 45

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
element in short supply

Question 46

Why is nitrogen necessary in the human body?

Question 47

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
diagram showing the inefficient transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next

Question 48

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
gross primary productivity minus the energy used for cellular respiration

Question 49

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
nutrients cycle between abiotic and living organisms

Question 50

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
total dry weight of plants at a certain time

Question 51

How does crop rotation aid the farmer?

Question 52

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
ratio of net productivity at one trophic level to the productivity at the trophic level below it

Question 53

In this chapter, what steps have we learned to help the environment?

Question 54

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
detritivores and decomposers

Question 55

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
describes how nutrients accumulate in four compartments

Question 56

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
predicts what would happen if an ecosystem was changed

Question 57

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
primary producers

Question 58

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
relationship between a predator and prey that affects populations in two or more trophic levels

Question 59

Where do plants obtain the necessary carbon for photosynthesis?

Question 60

Match each description with the appropriate scientific term.
a.biogeochemical cycles
b.ecological efficiency
c.ecological pyramid
d.generalized compartment model
e.gross primary productivity
f.limiting nutrient
g.net primary productivity
h.pyramid of biomass
i.secondary productivity
j.simulation modelling
k.standing crop biomass
l.trophic cascade
rate at which a plant converts the Sun's energy into chemical energy

Question 61

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
tertiary consumers

Question 62

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
terrestrial food webs

Question 63

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
terrestrial rocks

Question 64

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
secondary consumers

Question 65

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
primary consumers

Question 66

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
soil water

Question 67

Match the term that corresponds to the appropriate lettered box in the image.
coal, oil, peat