Deck 12: A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

Question 1

A person who reasons at Kohlberg's conventional level would emphasize personal moral principles.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Research has shown that both men and women use caring for others and justice as bases for moral reasoning.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Research has shown that moral reasoning is not related to moral behaviour.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

By 12 to 15 years of age, nearly all adolescents will wait a day for a large reward rather than receive a smaller reward immediately.

Question 5

Most children show no consistency across different tasks that measure self-control.

Question 6

Self-control is improved when parent-child interactions are dialogues, filled with suggestions and negotiations, rather than monologues.

Question 7

Moral reasoning does not reflect one's culture.

Question 8

Preschoolers believe that adults' authority is limited.

Question 9

A child's belief that breaking a rule always leads to punishment is called immanent justice.

Question 10

A person in Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning stresses the need for conformity to the existing social norms.

Question 11

Children who showed greater self-control as preschoolers were more attentive, had higher SAT scores, and were less likely to experiment with drugs and alcohol as adolescents.

Question 12

Children who develop concrete ways of resisting temptation (e.g., singing, reminding oneself of the rules, etc.) are more likely to be successful at resisting temptation.

Question 13

Children are not capable of self-regulation until about five years of age.

Question 14

Children with very strict parents show more self-control than other children.

Question 15

Chinese toddlers have been found to show more self-control than Canadian toddlers.

Question 16

A child's belief that rules are created by wise adults and they must be followed and cannot be changed is called moral relativism.

Question 17

Around the first birthday, infants become aware of the fact that others impose demands on them and they must react accordingly.

Question 18

Results from longitudinal studies support Kohlberg's invariant sequence of stages.

Question 19

Self-control is the ability to control one's behaviour and to inhibit impulsive responding to temptations.

Question 20

Carol Gilligan believes that moral reasoning becomes more sophisticated but that care and responsibility is the basis for moral reasoning, especially for women.

Question 21

Children with greater perspective-taking skills are more likely to act prosocially.

Question 22

Children are more likely to be aggressive if their parents use physical punishment with them.

Question 23

In the personal domain, decisions are considered to be "right" or "wrong."

Question 24

The domains of morality, social convention, and personal autonomy are seen only in certain cultures.

Question 25

Children are more likely to act altruistically when they feel they have the skills that are needed to help others.

Question 26

Repeated exposure to reasoning during discipline seems to promote prosocial behaviour in children.

Question 27

Moral discussions with individuals who reason at higher levels usually improve the reasoning of those who reason at lower levels.

Question 28

Children are more likely to be aggressive when parents are coercive and emotionally uninvested in them.

Question 29

Relational aggression is more common in girls than boys.

Question 30

Children are more likely to act altruistically when they do not feel responsible for the person in need.

Question 31

Aggressive behaviours and assertive behaviours are the same thing.

Question 32

Children are more likely to act altruistically when it entails few or modest sacrifices.

Question 33

Aggression is behaviour that is meant to harm others.

Question 34

One of the biggest obstacles to prosocial behaviour is aggression.

Question 35

Adolescents who are more involved in religion have greater concern for others and place more emphasis on helping them.

Question 36

Hostile aggression emerges later than instrumental aggression.

Question 37

Children are more likely to act altruistically when they are in a happy mood.

Question 38

Pushing another child for no apparent reason is an example of reactive aggression.

Question 39

Teacher ratings of aggression in 10-year-olds are related to adult criminal behaviour.

Question 40

Simple acts of altruism do not appear until children enter school.

Question 41

Victims of aggression are less tolerant of personal attacks when their self-esteem increases.

Question 42

In North America and Europe, about 15 percent of schoolchildren are chronic victims of aggression.

Question 43

Parental monitoring does not seem to be related to children's aggression.

Question 44

Turning to peers for support works for victimized girls but not for victimized boys.

Question 45

Playing violent video games leads to aggressive and violent behaviour in much the same way that watching violent TV does.

Question 46

Aggressive and antisocial behaviour is less common among people living in poverty.

Question 47

Aggressive children cannot be trained to interpret others' intentions correctly.

Question 48

Aggressive boys are as skilled as other children in interpreting other people's intentions.