Exam 12: A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A child's belief that rules are created by wise adults and they must be followed and cannot be changed is called moral relativism.

One of the biggest obstacles to prosocial behaviour is aggression.

Moral reasoning does not reflect one's culture.

Self-control is improved when parent-child interactions are dialogues, filled with suggestions and negotiations, rather than monologues.

Aggressive behaviours and assertive behaviours are the same thing.

By 12 to 15 years of age, nearly all adolescents will wait a day for a large reward rather than receive a smaller reward immediately.

Children with very strict parents show more self-control than other children.

Children are more likely to act altruistically when they feel they have the skills that are needed to help others.

Children are more likely to act altruistically when it entails few or modest sacrifices.

Children who develop concrete ways of resisting temptation (e.g., singing, reminding oneself of the rules, etc.) are more likely to be successful at resisting temptation.

Aggressive boys are as skilled as other children in interpreting other people's intentions.

Children with greater perspective-taking skills are more likely to act prosocially.

Relational aggression is more common in girls than boys.

Aggressive children cannot be trained to interpret others' intentions correctly.

Repeated exposure to reasoning during discipline seems to promote prosocial behaviour in children.

A child's belief that breaking a rule always leads to punishment is called immanent justice.

The domains of morality, social convention, and personal autonomy are seen only in certain cultures.

A person in Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning stresses the need for conformity to the existing social norms.

Children are more likely to be aggressive if their parents use physical punishment with them.

In North America and Europe, about 15 percent of schoolchildren are chronic victims of aggression.