Deck 13: Health-Related-And-Substance-Use-Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following statements about sleep problems is not true?​

A)Infants and toddlers have less night-waking problems.
B)Preschoolers have more falling-asleep problems.
C)Younger school-age children have more going-to-bed problems.
D)Adults have trouble finding enough time to sleep.

Answer 1

Infants and toddlers have less night-waking problems.

Question 2

Which dyssomnia is least common in children?​

A)protodyssomnia
B)hypersomnia
C)breathing-related sleep disorder
D)narcolepsy

Answer 2

narcolepsy

Question 3

A dyssomnia in childhood that is either uncommon or underdiagnosed is ____.

A)protodyssomnia
B)hypersomnia
C)breathing-related sleep disorder
D)narcolepsy

Answer 3

narcolepsy

Question 4

____ occurs during early to mid-childhood and includes nightmares,sleep terrors,and sleepwalking.

A)Parasomnia
B)Narcolepsy
C)Dyssomnia
D)Hypersomnia

Question 5

____ is the primary activity of the brain during the early years.

A)Growth
B)Learning
C)Sleep
D)Development of language

Question 6

Nightmares usually occur ____.

A)during the first half of the sleep cycle
B)during the second half of the sleep cycle
C)at the very beginning and the very end of the sleep cycle
D)at variable times throughout the sleep cycle

Question 7

Behavioral intervention for sleeping problems involves ____.

A)sleep medicine
B)exercise
C)positive reinforcement
D)removal of adenoids

Question 8

Night-waking problems are most common among ____.

A)infants and toddlers
B)preschoolers
C)younger school-aged children
D)adolescents and adults

Question 9

Chronotherapy is a treatment for ____.

A)circadian rhythm sleep disorder
B)hypersomnia
C)narcolepsy
D)protodyssomnia

Question 10

Maria presented at school with unusual behaviors such as crankiness,distractibility,and was emotionally labile.Her teacher is concerned that she may ____.

A)be angry with her
B)have a learning disorder
C)be sleep deprived
D)have a conduct disorder

Question 11

Sleep produces an "uncoupling" of neurobehavioral systems,providing the ____ with a break.

A)central nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system
D)parasympathetic nervous system

Question 12

Which statement about enuresis is true?​

A)A child must be 3 years of age (or developmental equivalent)to receive the diagnosis.
B)Secondary enuresis is more common than secondary enuresis.
C)Nocturnal enuresis cannot exist in combination with diurnal enuresis.
D)More girls than boys are diagnosed with diurnal enuresis.

Question 13

Insomnia is most common among ____.

A)toddlers
B)preschoolers
C)younger school-aged children
D)adolescents and adults

Question 14

A child with insomnia disorder has ____.

A)difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep
B)recurrent nightmares
C)excessive sleepiness
D)sleep-related breathing problems

Question 15

NREM sleep disorders are characterized by ____.

A)easily and constantly aroused from sleep
B)vivid memories of episodes
C)disorientation and difficulty with arousal
D)continuous insomnia

Question 16

Up until the age of ____,children spend more time asleep than in waking activities.

A)6 months
B)1 year
C)2 years
D)5 years

Question 17

By the age of ____,the brain has reached 90% of its adult size.

A)6 months
B)1 year
C)2 years
D)5 years

Question 18

Which statement best describes the relationship between sleep problems and psychological adjustment?​

A)Sleep problems may cause emotional and behavioral problems among children and adolescents.
B)Psychological problems are unrelated to sleep problems.
C)Sleep problems may arise from some underlying factor that is specific to biological causes.
D)Psychological problems are not worsened by sleep problems.

Question 19

In the early 1900s,children with enuresis were considered ____.

A)evil
B)medically compromised
C)behaviorally disturbed
D)willful and defiant

Question 20

Sleep deprivation impairs functioning of the ____.

A)endocrine system
B)prefrontal cortex
C)occipital lobe
D)left temporal lobe

Question 21

To be diagnosed with a chronic illness,a child must have the illness for ____.

A)at least 1 month
B)at least 3 months
C)at least 6 months
D)at least a year

Question 22

____ refers to the various forms of physical and functional consequences and limitations resulting from an illness.

A)Mortality
B)Morbidity
C)Somatization
D)Adaptation

Question 23

To keep individuals from urinating at night,antidiuretic hormone (ADH)serves to ____.

A)concentrate the urine during sleep hours
B)signal the reticular activating system to wake them up when they need to urinate
C)loosen the bladder walls so that they may hold more urine
D)strengthen the bladder sphincter

Question 24

Children with forms of recurrent unexplained pain are more likely to ____ than children whose pain is due to organic causes.

A)be younger and female
B)have lower intellectual abilities
C)identify someone in their family who often expresses pain
D)have family members with organic issues

Question 25

Which statement about childhood cancer is true?​

A)The onset of cancer in children is slower than in adults.
B)Children are often at a more advanced stage of cancer when they are first diagnosed than are adults.
C)The rarest form of childhood cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
D)Childhood cancer remains almost 100% fatal.

Question 26

Somatic symptom and related disorders are best described as ____.

A)medical conditions that are exacerbated by stress
B)physical symptoms of a medical condition without organic evidence
C)the conscious feigning of an illness for attention or secondary gain
D)disorders of elimination (enuresis and encopresis)

Question 27

Optimal treatment for encopresis involves ____.

A)medical interventions and therapy to address underlying psychological disturbances
B)behavioral and medical interventions
C)therapy to address underlying psychological disturbances and behavioral interventions
D)behavioral interventions alone

Question 28

Behavioral intervention can help children with diabetes and their families by ____.

A)inhibiting physical symptoms
B)promoting parent accountability
C)teaching self control and monitoring methods
D)providing distractions

Question 29

The most common chronic illness in childhood is ____.

A)asthma
B)diabetes mellitus
C)cystic fibrosis
D)leukemia

Question 30

Which of the following is not a factor affecting good regimen adherence in children with diabetes?​

A)correct knowledge of diabetes and its treatment
B)family intelligence
C)the belief that adherence is important
D)adequate problem-solving skills

Question 31

Which statement about encopresis is true?​

A)Encopresis is more common in girls than boys.
B)Up to 3% of 5 year old children are estimated to have encopresis.
C)Encopresis usually results from defiance.
D)Encopresis may be associated with abnormal defecation dynamics.

Question 32

The most effective and long-lasting treatment for enuresis is ____.

A)desmopressin
B)imipramine
C)dry bed training
D)the urine alarm

Question 33

Adjustment of children with chronic illness is typically ____ than that of other children referred to mental health clinics for non-health related problems.

A)worse
B)better
C)no worse or better
D)slightly worse

Question 34

Full-spectrum home training for enuresis is a combination of ____.

A)punishment and positive reinforcement
B)medication and positive reinforcement
C)dry bed training and a urine alarm
D)a urine alarm and medication

Question 35

A child with diabetes who is subsequently depressed would be best diagnosed with ____.

A)a somatoform disorder
B)dysthymia
C)an adjustment disorder
D)psychological factors affecting physical condition

Question 36

Which of the following is not true regarding differences between boys and girls with chronic illnesses?​

A)Girls show more symptoms of pain and anxiety than boys do.
B)Girls are more likely to cling,cry,and seek emotional support.
C)Excessive somatic complaints are associated with emotional disorders in boys.
D)Boys show more symptoms of sensitivity to pain.

Question 37

About ____ of children suffer from some form of a chronic health problem.

A)1% to 2%
B)5% to 7%
C)10% to 20%
D)25%

Question 38

Children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus must monitor their insulin levels carefully because too little insulin can result in ____,and too much insulin can result in ____.

A)hypoglycemia; diabetic coma
B)blindness; diabetic coma
C)diabetic coma; hypoglycemia
D)hypoglycemia; blindness

Question 39

The most common form of childhood cancer is ____.

A)chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
B)acute lymphoblastic leukemia
C)acute lymphoblastic melanoma
D)non-lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 40

Which statement best describes children's experience and expression of pain?​

A)Because their nervous systems are incomplete,infants do not fully experience pain.
B)Girls have a lower pain threshold than boys.
C)Children have a higher pain threshold than adults.
D)Children and adults experience pain similarly.

Question 41

One of the most important correlates of adjustment of children with chronic illness is ____.

A)parental adjustment
B)the type of illness
C)healthy peer relationships
D)premorbid adjustment

Question 42

According to the 2011 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse sample,approximately how many 12- to 17-year-olds met criteria for substance abuse or dependence?​

A)5%
B)12%
C)15%
D)25%

Question 43

Life skills training ____.

A)emphasizes building an aversion to all drugs
B)focuses on controlling one's emotions
C)is an adolescent substance abuse prevention program
D)has not been shown to be effective

Question 44

Which of the following would most likely be used as treatment for an adolescent diagnosed with an SUD?​

A)Cognitive Therapy
B)Multisystemic Therapy
C)Peer Therapy
D)Psychoanalytic Therapy

Question 45

In a longitudinal study of children with cancer,adolescents were perceived by their teachers as more ____.

A)sociable
B)likely to be leaders
C)socially isolated
D)chronically depressed

Question 46

A typical adjustment problem that a child with a chronic illness might display is ____.

A)low self-esteem
B)over socialization
C)school refusal
D)extreme depression

Question 47

About 10% of mothers and fathers suffer severe symptoms of ____ after their child is diagnosed with a chronic illness.

A)major depressive disorder
B)post-traumatic stress disorder
C)delusional disorder
D)panic disorder

Question 48

Which statement regarding the course of adolescent SUDs is true?​

A)Rates of substance abuse do not peak until after adulthood.
B)Substance abuse is not harmful in adolescence unless it continues in adulthood.
C)Experimentation with substances is common among teenagers.
D)Age of first use is not considered a risk factor.

Question 49

Research suggests that children cope best with painful medical procedures when ____.

A)they are given an anesthetic
B)the procedure is explained first
C)they are given little information about the procedure beforehand
D)their mothers are not in the room when the procedure is being conducted

Question 50

Across all medical conditions,the illness parameters that play the most significant role in children's adjustment are ____.

A)visibility to others,presence of physical deformity,and severity
B)intrusiveness and painfulness of treatments,visibility to others,and prognosis
C)presence of physical deformity,severity,and functional status
D)severity of illness and functional impairment

Question 51

Based on ethnicity,____ students have the highest rate of illicit drug use.

A)American Indian/Alaska Native
B)African-American
C)Hispanic
D)Asian

Question 52

Which of the following is likely to increase the risk of substance abuse?​

A)parental expectations for abstaining from alcohol
B)parental overinvolvement
C)inconsistent parenting and poor monitoring
D)knowledge about the risks of substance abuse

Question 53

Which of the following personality characteristics has the clearest link to adolescent substance use?​

A)hyperactive
B)defiance
C)distrust
D)sensation seeking

Question 54

For children with brain-related illnesses,the areas of neurocognitive functioning most likely to be affected by the primary effects of their illnesses are ____.

A)verbal abilities and attention functions
B)nonverbal abilities and attention functions
C)verbal abilities and long-term memory functions
D)attention functions and long-term memory functions

Question 55

A nonspecific risk factor for substance use is ____.

A)being involved in several hobbies
B)high level of engagement with school
C)perception of oneself to be physically less mature than same-age peers
D)having friends with positive attitudes about substance use

Question 56

Which parental behavior would help a child cope most effectively with a painful medical procedure?

A)crying
B)reassuring
C)criticizing
D)distracting

Question 57

Which of the following has not been linked to parental adaptation in families where a child suffers from a chronic illness?​

A)a sense of self-efficacy
B)cohesive family relationships
C)effective use of denial as a coping strategy
D)perceived social support

Question 58

Which statement regarding substance use/abuse differences between adolescents and adults is true?​

A)Adolescents drink more often and in larger amounts.
B)Adolescents are more likely to show cognitive and affective features associated with substance use and/or withdrawal.
C)Adolescents' physiological dependence is less common than those among adults.
D)Adolescents do not experience withdrawal.

Question 59

For how long would an adolescent have to show a maladaptive pattern of substance use to be diagnosed with substance dependence?​

A)1 month
B)3 months
C)6 months
D)12 months

Question 60

In general,what can we conclude about the adjustment of children with chronic illnesses?​

A)Most can be diagnosed with a major depressive disorder.
B)Most can be diagnosed with a major anxiety disorder.
C)Their illnesses are in part caused by psychological problems.
D)By and large,most adapt successfully and the incidence of DSM-5 diagnoses is quite low.

Question 61

What kind of a treatment program would you suggest for an adolescent diagnosed with a SUD?​

Question 62

Discuss how symptoms of sleep disturbances can appear similar to diagnosable disorders,such as ADHD.

Question 63

Discuss three adjustment problems that children with chronic illness may display.

Question 64

Discuss the importance of exercising caution in applying psychiatric labels to children with chronic illness who display symptoms such as anxiety and depression.

Question 65

Explain sensation seeking and how it is linked to adolescent substance use.

Question 66

Distinguish between nightmares and sleep terrors.

Question 67

Michelle has recently been diagnosed with childhood cancer.Understandably,her parents are concerned about her well-being and want to know how they can best help Michelle to cope with the painful procedures she will have to endure.What advice and suggestions would you make to Michelle's parents?​

Question 68

Distinguish between dyssomnias and parasomnias.

Question 69

Give an example of a substance abuse prevention program and explain its goals.

Question 70

What are some of the most important correlates of adjustment of children to chronic illness?​

Question 71

Why do children spend much of their early developmental years asleep?​

Question 72

Explain how behavioral conditioning methods can be used to treat enuresis.

Question 73

Discuss the transactional stress and coping model (for chronic childhood illness)as proposed by Thompson and colleagues.

Question 74

What is the nature of the relationship between sleep problems and psychological adjustment?​

Question 75

Define and give an example of psychological dependence and physical dependence.