Deck 15: Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Question 1

Jenna is experiencing an increased output of her oil- and sweat-producing glands.What other physiological changes is she probably experiencing at this time?

A)growth of pubic hair
B)the beginning of body growth
C)menarche
D)the appearance of underarm hair

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The rush of hormonal activity associated with puberty seems to depend on reaching a critical amount of _____ necessary for successful reproduction.

A)estrogen
B)neurotransmitters
C)androgens
D)body fat

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The sequence of pubertal events is _____.

A)extremely inconsistent in order and timing
B)fairly consistent in order but not in timing
C)consistent in both order and timing
D)consistent in girls but inconsistent in boys

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In boys,the first signs of puberty often begin around age

A)9
B)10
C)12
D)14

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a secondary sex characteristic?

A)Axillary hair
B)Pubic hair
C)Voice changes
D)Seminal vesicles

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?

A)Underarm hair
B)Breasts
C)Pubic hair
D)Ovaries

Question 7

The process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce is called _____.

A)the adolescent growth spurt
B)adrenarche
C)puberty
D)all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the reasons why,in modern industrial societies,it is unclear when adolescence ends?

A)Complex industrial societies require a long period of education,which postpones adulthood beyond the attainment of physical maturity.
B)Most of these societies have no definitive markers to establish adulthood.
C)Puberty in these societies is beginning much later than it used to,because young people are less active and less physically fit.
D)Vocational apprenticeships are rare or absent in these societies.

Question 9

Pubic hair is one of the _____.

A)signs of menarche
B)signs that a young person is capable of reproduction
C)primary sex characteristics
D)secondary sex characteristics

Question 10

Adolescence is generally considered to begin with the _____.

A)onset of puberty
B)adolescent growth spurt
C)first nocturnal emission for boys,and menarche for girls
D)attainment of sexual maturity

Question 11

Which of the following statements about adolescence in the United States today is FALSE?

A)American adolescents face hazards to their physical well-being.
B)American adolescents face hazards to their mental health.
C)About three in five adolescents will deal with major problems in adolescence.
D)Physical hazards of adolescence include early pregnancy and high death rates from accidents,homicide,and suicide.

Question 12

Boys have higher levels of _____ and girls have higher levels of _____.

A)androgen;estrogen
B)testes;estrogen
C)estrogen;androgen
D)estrogen;testosterone

Question 13

Which of the following terms represents the social construction for the developmental transition between childhood and adulthood?

A)Young Adulthood
B)Adolescence
C)Puberty
D)Menarche

Question 14

When was adolescence first defined as a separate stage of life in the Western world?

A)The 19^th century
B)The 20^th century
C)The 1970s
D)Post-World War II

Question 15

Increased levels of ____ may signal the pituitary and sex glands to increase their secretion of hormones.

A)DHEA
B)GnRH
C)leptin
D)GPR54

Question 16

Most girls first begin to show growth of breasts and pubic hair between the ages of _____.

A)6 and 14
B)8 and 15
C)10 and 14
D)15 and 16

Question 17

The hormones that stimulate maturation are called __________ in girls and __________ in boys.

A)estrogen;testosterone
B)androgen;testosterone
C)testosterone;estrogen
D)androgen;estrogen

Question 18

The secretion of gradually increasing levels of androgens,mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),influences _____.

A)the growth of body and pubic hair
B)the development of body odor
C)faster body growth
D)all of the above

Question 19

Ana's breasts are just starting to develop,she is beginning to grow some pubic hair,and her body is growing rapidly.If she is an average American female,Ana is approximately how old?

A)9
B)13
C)15
D)17

Question 20

Shelley,age 12,is undergoing rapid physiological growth,and her reproductive functions and sex organs are maturing.This is referred to as _____.

A)maturation
B)puberty
C)coming-of-age
D)menarche

Question 21

Jung tends to worry about being liked,is very cautious in his actions,and feels most comfortable following the rules.He is also popular with his peers and good-natured.According to research from the text,Jung is probably a(n)_____.

A)depressed teenager
B)late-maturing boy
C)early-maturing boy
D)preadolescent

Question 22

The secular trend refers to _____.

A)earlier sexual activity
B)better nutrition and health care
C)earlier physical and sexual maturity
D)lengthening adolescence through education

Question 23

Menstruation is the _____.

A)release of a mature ovum from the ovaries
B)monthly shedding of tissue from the lining of the uterus
C)onset of puberty in girls
D)readiness for conception during ovulation

Question 24

Early-maturing girls are at increased risk of _____.

A)behavioral problems
B)mental health problems
C)sexual activity
D)all of the above

Question 25

A nocturnal emission _____.

A)is called a wet dream
B)signals the onset of menarche
C)can occur early in girls in stressful environments
D)occurs in about 30 percent of pubescent boys

Question 26

Connor,who is going through puberty,is experiencing enlargement of his breasts.Connor must _____.

A)not worry because this is normal and temporary
B)seek psychotherapy
C)have hormone tests right away
D)prepare himself for a delay in sexual maturation

Question 27

After the period of rapid adolescent growth,females tend to have a more rounded appearance than males,which is mainly due to _____.

A)menstruation
B)overeating
C)layers of fat under the skin
D)androgen production

Question 28

Puberty began for Molly when she was 9 years old.Her mother began puberty at 11,and her grandmother at 13.This is an example of a _____ trend.

A)cross-sectional
B)sexual
C)physiological
D)secular

Question 29

The trend toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity,which began a century ago,is an example of a _____ trend.

A)behavioral
B)psychosocial
C)secular
D)retrospective

Question 30

Fourteen-year-old Warren has undergone a rapid increase in height and weight.Warren is experiencing _____.

A)coming-of-age
B)the adolescent growth spurt
C)menarche
D)the secular trend

Question 31

Compared to late-maturing boys,early-maturing boys are _____.

A)likely to be more self-conscious and insecure
B)more likely to have conduct or behavioral disorders
C)better prepared to deal with the changes of adolescence
D)more likely to have poor social and coping skills

Question 32

An adolescent generally reaches sexual maturity _____.

A)when the primary sex characteristics appear
B)at the onset of puberty
C)at the onset of the adolescent growth spurt
D)after the adolescent growth spurt ends

Question 33

In boys,the principal sign of sexual maturity is the _____.

A)ability to maintain an erection
B)first nocturnal emission
C)growth of the penis
D)production of sperm

Question 34

Which of the following changes is the first sign of puberty in boys?

A)Growth of the penis
B)Enlargement of the testes and scrotum
C)Growth of axillary hair
D)A change in voice

Question 35

Menarche is the _____.

A)first menstruation in girls
B)period when primary sex characteristics mature
C)period when secondary sex characteristics appear
D)onset of puberty in girls

Question 36

Research suggests that family relationships might be related to the timing of sexual maturation.Based on this research,which girl would you predict to mature last?

A)Adrianna,who has an unaffectionate,uninvolved father
B)Beth,who is being raised by a single mother
C)Carol,who is exposed to many unrelated male adults
D)DeeDee,who has a close,supportive relationship with her father

Question 37

Between the ages of 11 and 13,the average girl is _____ than boys.

A)taller
B)heavier
C)stronger
D)All of the above are true.

Question 38

Alice is an adolescent who tends to be shy and introverted,lacks poise,and feels unhappy about having menstrual periods.Alice is probably _____.

A)sexually active
B)underweight
C)an early-maturing girl
D)a late-maturing girl

Question 39

A nocturnal emission is _____.

A)a sign of maladjustment
B)always associated with erotic dreams
C)associated with the end of male puberty
D)a normal occurrence during adolescence

Question 40

Phillipe is 16 and has just begun his adolescent growth spurt.How old would you predict he will be when the growth spurt ends?

A)13
B)15
C)18
D)21

Question 41

Sergio is a high school student whose ability to reason and think abstractly appears to be increasing.These higher-order skills are due to the development of the _____.

A)prefrontal cortex
B)amygdala
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus

Question 42

Anorexia nervosa typically includes all of the following symptoms except _____.

A)a severe loss of body weight
B)a distorted body image
C)a preoccupation with food
D)poor academic achievement

Question 43

Adolescents tend to use the _____ in the temporal lobe of the brain for emotional reactions.

A)prefrontal cortex
B)amygdala
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus

Question 44

Approximately how many hours of sleep do average adolescents need?

A)6 to 7 hours
B)Less than 7 hours
C)At least 8 hours
D)10 hours

Question 45

Compared to low-income adolescents,well-off adolescents are likely to possess all the following characteristics except _____.

A)being better educated
B)drinking and smoking less
C)having healthier diets
D)being more physically active

Question 46

_____ out of 10 early and mid-adolescents consider themselves healthy.

A)Five
B)Seven
C)Nine
D)Ten

Question 47

Sixteen-year-old Latasha does not get enough sleep.Which of the following is most likely to be true in this scenario?

A)She is at-risk for depression.
B)She may do poorly in school.
C)She may come from a family with less educated and older parents.
D)All of the above may be true.

Question 48

Which of the following is a lifestyle factor that influences adolescent obesity?

A)Poverty
B)Faulty regulation of metabolism
C)Inability to recognize body cues about hunger
D)Development of an abnormally large number of fat cells

Question 49

Obesity in adolescence _____.

A)affects about 25 percent of young people
B)has declined in the past two decades owing to greater health consciousness among young people
C)usually continues later in life
D)is caused solely by too little physical activity and poor eating habits

Question 50

The _____ lobe is in charge of the more accurate,reasoned choices associated with adulthood.

A)parietal
B)frontal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 51

Seventeen-year-old Quentin requires _____ hours of sleep each night for healthy development and functioning.

A)6-7
B)Less than 7
C)At least 8
D)10

Question 52

Which statement is NOT true about changing body images during adolescence?

A)Boys and girls both grow increasingly dissatisfied by their appearances.
B)Cultural influences emphasize women's appearances which may contribute to girls' increasing dissatisfaction with their appearances.
C)Parental attitudes and media images play a greater part than peer influences in encouraging weight concerns.
D)Eating disorders among boys and young men are on the rise.

Question 53

The brain's natural sleep cycle is controlled by the hormone called _____.

A)melatonin
B)ceratonin
C)DHEA
D)REM

Question 54

The most rapid period of brain development occurs during _____.

A)early childhood
B)middle childhood
C)adolescence
D)early adulthood

Question 55

The number of overweight young people has increased _____ percent over the past two decades.

A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400

Question 56

About 34 percent of U.S.teens have a body mass index (BMI)at or above the _____ percentile.

A)85^th
B)11^th
C)90^th
D)60^th

Question 57

Even moderate physical activity has health benefits if done regularly for at least _____ minutes almost every day.

A)15
B)30
C)45
D)60

Question 58

Terri is underweight,has stopped menstruating,is afraid of becoming fat,and is obsessed with food.She is probably _____.

A)anorexic
B)bulimic
C)an underachiever in school
D)a late-maturing adolescent

Question 59

_____ maturation is associated with an increase of risky behavior in _____.

A)Early;boys and girls
B)Early;girls only
C)Late;boys and girls
D)Late;boys only

Question 60

Which of the following statements regarding body image is FALSE?

A)Girls' increase in body fat at puberty leads to more dissatisfaction with their bodies,whereas boys become more satisfied with their increasing muscularity.
B)Fashion magazines,which promote unrealistic ideals of thinness,contribute to girls' dissatisfaction with their bodies.
C)About one-quarter of girls are dieting or think they should be.
D)Relationships with parents may be a factor that influences adolescent body image.

Question 61

Protective factors shown to reduce the risk of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT

A)connectedness to family and school.
B)emotional well-being.
C)attention to physical attractiveness.
D)parental availability to the child.

Question 62

Depression in young people may be manifested by which of the following moods?

A)Irritability
B)Boredom
C)Inability to experience pleasure
D)All of the above

Question 63

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco smoking is FALSE?

A)The rate of teen smoking has shown a recent decrease.
B)A strong relationship exists between adolescents who smoke and parents who smoke.
C)Early smoking may damage the DNA in the lungs.
D)Over half of high school students are smokers.

Question 64

Which of the following statements regarding adolescent suicide is true?

A)African American girls have the highest suicide rate.
B)Native American boys have the highest rates in the United States.
C)A teenager who has previously attempted suicide is unlikely to try again.
D)Suicide rates are low among homosexual and bisexual adolescents.

Question 65

Firearm-related deaths of 15- to 19-year olds constitute more than _____ percent of all homicides in that age group.

A)65
B)75
C)85
D)95

Question 66

An effective treatment for bulimia might be _____.

A)isolation from family members with negative influences
B)cognitive behavioral therapy
C)a drug that decreases fat stores in the body
D)a low-calorie diet

Question 67

Adolescent girls and adult women are more likely to suffer from depression than are males.Which of the following is a reason for this gender difference?

A)Biological changes
B)Difference in socialization
C)Greater vulnerability to stress in social relationships
D)All of the above may explain the gender difference.

Question 68

Substance _____ involves repeated,harmful use of a substance,whereas substance _____ is a physical and/or psychological addiction.

A)deprivation;abuse
B)abuse;dependence
C)dependence;abuse
D)deprivation;dependence

Question 69

Randy,who is 13,regularly drinks beer with three friends of the same age.How much more likely are the boys to become dependent on alcohol than if they had waited seven or eight years before they started drinking?

A)Three times
B)Four times
C)Five times
D)Six times

Question 70

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder typically characterized by all of the following symptoms except _____.

A)regular eating binges followed by purging through laxatives or vomiting
B)abnormal thinness
C)shame,self-contempt,and depression
D)a history of dieting and/or excessive exercise

Question 71

The leading cause of death among American adolescents is _____.

A)suicide
B)sexually transmitted diseases
C)cancer
D)motor vehicle accidents

Question 72

Theories surrounding anorexia claim that _____.

A)victims of this disorder have a complete disinterest in food
B)people suffering with this disorder engage in early sexual activity
C)there is evidence that anorexia can be traced back to medieval times
D)all of the above are correct

Question 73

Which of these statements about bulimia are true?

A)Bulimia affects about 1 to 2 percent of international populations.
B)People with bulimia are usually within normal weight ranges.
C)A bulimic person's binges are usually short-lived.
D)All of these are true.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major causes of death during adolescence?

A)Accidents
B)Cancer
C)Homicide
D)Suicide

Question 75

Suicide is the _____ leading cause of death for U.S.adolescents ages 15 to 19.

A)1^st
B)4^th
C)8^th
D)10^th

Question 76

An upsurge in drug use occurred in the early _____.

A)1960s
B)1900s
C)1990s
D)2000s

Question 77

Ashley's parents were shocked to discover that she had an eating disorder.Her weight is normal and she appears to eat appropriate meals when her parents are present.Before their discovery of her problem,they most likely would have described Ashley as _____.

A)having low self-esteem
B)being a perfectionist
C)being a good student
D)all of these

Question 78

Heavy usage of marijuana can _____.

A)damage the brain,heart,lungs,and immune system
B)impede memory,learning,perception,and judgment
C)lessen motivation and interfere with schoolwork and other activities
D)cause all of these

Question 79

The most widely used illegal drug in the United States is _____.

A)marijuana
B)crack cocaine
C)heroin
D)LSD

Question 80

Which of the following statements regarding eating disorders is true?

A)Bulimia is less common than anorexia.
B)The majority of anorexics are female,and the majority of individuals who have bulimia nervosa are male.
C)Approximately 3 percent of the population is made up of binge eaters.
D)So much overlap exists between anorexia and bulimia that they are considered to be different aspects of a single disorder.