Deck 4: Applications of the Derivative
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Deck 4: Applications of the Derivative
1
Find the linearization of the given function centered at
, and use it to estimate
.
A)
B)


A)

B)

A)
B) 


2
A ball produced on an assembly line is supposed to have a volume of
. Use linearization to estimate the maximum allowable error in the radius
if the volume of the sphere must have an error of less than
.





Radius error must be less than
inch.

3
By Rolle's Theorem the equation
has at most two roots.

True
4
The radius
of a sphere is measured at 4 m. Use linear approximation to estimate the maximum error in the surface area of the sphere if
is accurate to within
m.



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5
Find the maximum value
and the minimum value
of the function in the given interval
A)
B)


A)

B)

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6
Find the maximum value
and the minimum value
of the function in the given interval
A)
B)


A)

B)

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7
Find the maximum value
and the minimum value
of the function in the given interval or in its natural domain
A)
B)
C)


A)

B)

C)

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8
Estimate
using linear approximation.

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9
The minimum and maximum of which of the following functions does not occur at a critical point in the open interval:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

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10
Let
. By Rolle's Theorem we can prove that
A)
has 11 real roots.
B)
has at most 3 real roots.
C)
has no real roots.
D)
has at most 2 real roots.
E)
has 10 real roots.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

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11
Find the maximum value
and the minimum value
of the function in the given interval.
A)
B)


A)

B)

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12
Each of the following functions restricted to the given interval attains a minimum and maximum value. Which attain their maximum or minimum value at a point in the interior of the interval?
A)
on
B)
on
C)
on
D)
on 
A)


B)


C)


D)


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13
Estimate the length of the hypotenuse in a right triangle with sides 3 and 4.01, using the linear approximation for
.

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14
Find the linearization of the given function centered at
and use it to estimate
.
A)
B)


A)

B)

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15
Estimate the roots of the equation
to three decimal places using the linear approximation for
.


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16
Estimate the roots of the equation
using the linear approximation for
at
.



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17
Estimate the roots of the equation
using the linear approximation for
.


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18
Estimate the value of
using the linear approximation and find the error using a calculator.

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19
Suppose that a function
satisfies the following equation for small values of
:
.
Also,
and
.
A) Find the linearization of
at
.
B) Replace
by its linearization and find a quadratic equation for
.
C) Estimate the roots of the quadratic equation in
to 4 decimal digits using linearization for
.



Also,


A) Find the linearization of


B) Replace


C) Estimate the roots of the quadratic equation in


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20
Find all the critical points of the function
A)
B)
A)

B)

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21
The following function has a local extremum at a point in the interval
:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the above.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E) None of the above.
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22
Determine the greater between
and
without using a calculator, by considering the function
for 




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23
The function
has
A) local minimum at
, inflection at
.
B) local minimum at
, local maximum at
, inflection at
.
C) local minimum at
, local maximum at
, inflection at
.
D) local minimum at
, local maximum at
, inflection at
.
E) None of the above.

A) local minimum at


B) local minimum at



C) local minimum at



D) local minimum at



E) None of the above.
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24
The increase/decrease intervals of the function
are
A) increasing on
,
and decreasing on
.
B) increasing on
and decreasing on
.
C) increasing on
and decreasing on
.
D) increasing on
and decreasing on
.
E) None of the above.

A) increasing on




B) increasing on


C) increasing on


D) increasing on


E) None of the above.
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25
Given
,
Which of the following statements is correct?
A)
is increasing on
and decreasing on
.
B)
is increasing on
.
C)
is decreasing on
.
D)
is decreasing on
and increasing on
.
E)
is decreasing on
and increasing on
.

Which of the following statements is correct?
A)



B)


C)


D)



E)



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26
Given the function
is
A) a local maximum point.
B) a local minimum point.
C) is not a point of local extremum nor an inflection point.
D) an inflection point.
E) not in the domain of the function.


A) a local maximum point.
B) a local minimum point.
C) is not a point of local extremum nor an inflection point.
D) an inflection point.
E) not in the domain of the function.
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27
Find the maximum value
and the minimum value
of the function in the given interval.
A)
B)


A)

B)

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28
Given
such that
and
for all
, is
for all
?
(Hint: Use the MVT.)
A) Yes
B) No






(Hint: Use the MVT.)
A) Yes
B) No
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29
Find a point
satisfying the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem for the function
in the interval
.



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30
Find all the critical points of the following functions (if they exist)
A)
B)
C)
A)

B)

C)

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31
Let
.
A) Show that there is no
such that
.
B) Explain why the above does not contradict the MVT.

A) Show that there is no


B) Explain why the above does not contradict the MVT.
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32
The following function has a local minimum at a point on the interval
:
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)

B)

C)

D)

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33
Which of the following functions has a local maximum at a point in the interval
:
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)

B)

C)

D)

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34
Given
such that
and
for all
.
Use the Mean Value Theorem to find which of the following statements is correct
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the above.




Use the Mean Value Theorem to find which of the following statements is correct
A)

B)

C)

D)

E) None of the above.
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35
Let
for
Based on the MVT, which of the following statements is correct?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)


A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

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36
True or False: Let
. By Rolle's Theorem,
has at most 3 real roots.


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37
Suppose that
is differentiable for
,
is the tangent line to the graph of
at
and
. The following can be concluded:
A)
is concave up on
.
B)
is not concave down on
.
C)
is concave down on
.
D)
is not concave up on
.
E) None of the above.






A)


B)


C)


D)


E) None of the above.
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38
Find the intervals on which the function is concave up and concave down and indicate the points of inflection
A)
B)
A)

B)

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39
Let
be the function on
given by
and the graph:
The MVT can be applied on the following interval:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) A and C are correct.




A)

B)

C)

D)

E) A and C are correct.
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40
The function
is
A) increasing on
and decreasing on
.
B) increasing on
and decreasing on
.
C) increasing on
and decreasing on
.
D) increasing in all its domain.
E) decreasing in all its domain.

A) increasing on


B) increasing on


C) increasing on


D) increasing in all its domain.
E) decreasing in all its domain.
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41
The following table describes the signs of the first and second derivatives of a function
:
0
1
2
+
+
+
+
+
0
-
-
0
+
-
-
-
-
Which of the following is a possible graph of
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the above.


1
2

+
+
+
+
0
-

0
+
-
-
-
-
Which of the following is a possible graph of

A)

B)

C)

D)

E) None of the above.
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42
Sketch the graph of the following function. Indicate the asymptotes, local extrema, and points of inflection.
.

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43
Sketch the graph of the function
and indicate the transition points and asymptotes.

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44
The following is the graph of
Where do the points of inflection of
occur, and on which intervals is
concave up? 




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45
Sketch the graph of the function. Indicate the asymptotes, local extrema, and points of inflection. 

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46
Sketch the graph of a function such that
for
for
for
for 








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47
Find the sides of the isosceles triangle with maximum area, inscribed in a circle of radius
.

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48
Find the dimensions and the perimeter of the rectangle with maximum perimeter, inscribed in the ellipse
. 


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49
Find the intervals on which the function is concave up and concave down and indicate the points of inflection
A)
B)
A)

B)

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50
Match the functions with their graphs
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 
(a)








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51
A manufacturer sells instruments for
per unit.
The cost of producing
instruments is
, and no more than
instruments can be produced in a week.
Find the amount of instruments that should be produced in a week to obtain maximum profit.

The cost of producing



Find the amount of instruments that should be produced in a week to obtain maximum profit.
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52
The following table describes the signs of the first and second derivatives of a function
:
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
If
, sketch a possible graph of 


1
2














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53
Find the angles of the isosceles triangle of minimum area in which a circle of radius
is inscribed.
What are the sides of this triangle?
(You don't have to prove that the area is a minimum.)

What are the sides of this triangle?
(You don't have to prove that the area is a minimum.)

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54
For the function
, find the transition points, intervals of increase/decrease, concavity, and asymptotic behavior. Then sketch the graph using this information.

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55
The function
has inflection points at
and
. Find
and
.





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56
The tangent line to
at a point
intersects the
and
axes at points
and
, respectively. Find
such that the area of the triangle
is maximum. 









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57
What can you conclude about the graph of
from the following table?
-1
-6
+
0
-
-
-
+
0
-
0
-
A)
is concave down on
and
B)
is an inflection point and
C)
is an inflection point and
D)
is concave up on
and
is increasing on 

-1
-6

0
-
-
-

0
-
0
-
A)



B)


C)


D)




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58
Sketch the graph of the function
.
Indicate the asymptotes, local extrema, and points of inflection if they exist.

Indicate the asymptotes, local extrema, and points of inflection if they exist.
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59
Which of the following functions does not have horizontal asymptotes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the above.
A)

B)

C)

D)

E) None of the above.
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60
The following is the graph of
Where do the points of inflection of
occur, and on which intervals is
concave up? 




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61
Use Newton's Method with
to find an approximate root for
and use it to approximate
to within an error of at most
.




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62
A factory produces 2000 products each month. The expenses on each product are
and the income from each product is
. For each additional product beyond the first 2000 products, the income for each product reduces by
(for example, for 2001 products the income from each product is
).
A) Find the profit in a month for which
additional product are produced.
B) How many additional products should be produced to obtain maximum profit in a month?




A) Find the profit in a month for which

B) How many additional products should be produced to obtain maximum profit in a month?
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63
Use the given graph of
and Newton's Method to approximate the positive root to within an error of at most
. 



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64
Apply Newton's Method to
with an initial guess of
to calculate
,
, and
.





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65
Show that the equation
has a root
in the interval
and use Newton's Method to approximate it to four decimal places.



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66
Find the point on the graph of
that is closest to the point
.


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67
Show that the equation
has a root in the interval
and use Newton's Method to approximate it with an error of at most
.



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68
A producer can sell
instruments per week for
dollars each, where
. His cost for producing
instruments is
dollars.
Find the amount of instruments that should be produced in a week to obtain maximum profit.





Find the amount of instruments that should be produced in a week to obtain maximum profit.
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69
Show that the equation
has a solution in the interval
and use Newton's Method to approximate it within an error of at most
.



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70
Use Newton's Method to approximate the only positive root for
to within an error of at most 


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71
Show that the equation
has a solution in the interval
and use Newton's Method to approximate it to within an error of at most
.



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72
Show that the equation
has a solution
in the interval
and approximate it by Newton's Method to seven decimal places.



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73
A farmer wants to fence in a rectangular field for livestock. The boundary for one
side of the field is a long, straight river. No fencing is needed on this side. For the
remaining three sides, he has 400 meters of fencing available. What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular area that can be formed with this amount of fencing?
side of the field is a long, straight river. No fencing is needed on this side. For the
remaining three sides, he has 400 meters of fencing available. What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular area that can be formed with this amount of fencing?
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74
A cylinder of radius
and height
has surface area
and volume
. Find the dimensions of a cylinder with volume
and minimal surface area.





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75
Find the dimensions and the area of the rectangle with maximum area inscribed in the ellipse
. 


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76
A right circular cylinder is to be constructed with a volume of 400
. The material used to build the top and base of the cylinder costs
. The material for the remainder of the cylinder costs
. Find the radius value which will minimize the material cost of constructing the cylinder.



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77
Apply Newton's Method to
with an initial guess of
to calculate
,
, and
.





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