Deck 4: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT

A) synthesize protein.
B) have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another.
C) have an efficient means of metabolism.
D) communicate with adjacent cells.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following help direct the movement of materials or organelles throughout the cell?

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) cytoskeleton
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) all of the choices are true

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Most bacteria live in a solution that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the bacteria. The cell wall of a bacterium is a peptidoglycan polymer that is tightly cross-linked. This would therefore function to

A) regulate the flow of most molecules into and out of the bacterial cell.
B) provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from swelling.
C) provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from shrinking.
D) confirm a close relationship to plant cells that have a similar structure and live in hypotonic solutions.
E) make all bacteria fairly uniform in metabolic chemistry.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Chloroplasts are to ____________ as ___________ are to aerobic respiration.

A) stroma, cristae
B) photosynthesis, mitochondria
C) thylakoid membranes, matrix
D) protein synthesis, lysosomes

Question 5

An amino sugar called N-acetylmuramic acid is an important building block of the cell wall of some bacteria. Penicillin prevents this amino sugar from being incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. Therefore,

A) penicillin affects bacteria but not eukaryotes because eukaryotic cell walls are different.
B) bacterial cells that had already formed their cell walls would be unaffected.
C) penicillin would stop the growth of active colonies of susceptible bacteria.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Which is a true statement about ribosomes?

A) Ribosomes contain DNA and protein.
B) Ribosomes are active in carbohydrate synthesis.
C) Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus.
D) Polyribosomes are the subunits of ribosomes.
E) Ribosomes are only found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotic cells.

Question 7

According to the endosymbiosis theory _______ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells.

A) mitochondria
B) Golgi apparatus
C) lysosomes
D) ribosomes

Question 8

As they flow over rotten logs as a fluid sheet, slime molds appear to lack any partitioning into individual cells; however, slime molds do become cellular when they change form to produce spores. The surface of some parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are a "syncytium" or layer of living material that contains many nuclei and cell organelles but lacks partitioning by cell membranes. These tissues consume food and produce wastes. In light of the cell theory that "all living things are composed of cells," then

A) these tissues are not living because they are not cellular.
B) these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells.
C) the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds because these organisms are cellular at specific stages in their life cycle, but this shows that cell membrane partitions can be abandoned.
D) this proves that a "vital force" beyond cell chemistry can give life to substances.
E) All of the choices are true.

Question 9

Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells?

A) A true nucleus contains the chromosomes.
B) Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments.
C) They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells.
D) They all contain mitochondria.
E) They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm.

Question 10

Which is NOT true about the cell theory?

A) Its various parts were described by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
B) It states that all organisms are composed of cells.
C) It states that all cells come from preexisting cells.
D) It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.
E) It is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life.

Question 11

Which of the following features is unique to bacterial cells?

A) nucleoid region
B) nucleus
C) cell membrane
D) cell wall
E) ribosome

Question 12

After proteins are formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to which they could be transported?

A) mitochondria
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) nucleus

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT offered as evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory, the belief that a eukaryotic cell has evolved as a "committee" of prokaryotic cells?

A) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size and structure to some species of bacteria.
B) The ribosomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to bacteria.
C) Mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own.
D) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA coding separate from the eukaryotic nucleus.
E) All of the choices offer support of the endosymbiotic theory.

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?

A) Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles.
B) Some are photosynthetic.
C) Some are motile due to flagella.
D) All bacteria are prokaryotes.
E) Bacteria have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.

Question 15

What is the smallest unit of living matter?

A) atom
B) element
C) Golgi apparatus
D) cell
E) nucleus

Question 16

Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles?

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) ribosomes

Question 17

Which of the following features is NOT found in a bacterial cell? -26-2013

A) cell wall
B) nucleus
C) cell membrane
D) nucleoid region
E) ribosome

Question 18

_______ are to ribosomes as lipids are to _________.

A) Carbohydrates; rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Nucleoli; lysosomes
C) Sugars; peroxisomes
D) Proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which statement is NOT true about bacterial anatomy?

A) The cell wall is located outside of the plasma membrane.
B) The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall.
C) There may be small rings of accessory DNA called plasmids.
D) Bacteria may have fimbriae that help attach the bacteria to other structures.

Question 20

Which of the following organelles is found uniquely in autotrophic, eukaryotic cells and not heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells?

A) lysosomes
B) ribosomes
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) chloroplast

Question 21

Each time the water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. However, in the frozen state, virtually no chemical reactions occur. The most likely explanation for the bad taste of meat that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of

A) the Golgi bodies and their vesicles.
B) lysosomes and resultant autodigestion.
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum causing the release of ribosomes.
D) ribosomes causing them to break into subunits.
E) the nuclear membrane causing mixing of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

Question 22

All cells have these two characteristics:

A) contain DNA in the nucleus and have a plasma membrane
B) produce a cell wall outside of the plasma membrane
C) contain mitochondria and chloroplasts
D) have a plasma membrane and ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 23

Which cytoskeletal element is NOT correctly associated with its characteristic?

A) Cilia are small extensions of membrane-surrounded microtubules.
B) Microtubules are made up of a globular protein called tubulin.
C) Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants.
D) Flagella have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubule structure.
E) Basal bodies are located at the base of cilia and flagella.

Question 24

Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell?

A) mitochondria
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) lysosomes
D) Golgi complex

Question 25

All cells have a cell wall that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.

Question 26

Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles?

A) rough endoplasmic reticula
B) mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) ribosomes

Question 27

If you were to design a structure that would have the greatest potential to interact with the environment through surface area contact, would you design a structure similar to Figure A, B or C? Explain your answer.
A. One may calculate surface area (height x width x number of sides x number of cubes) of the three Figures to compare the surface areas.
C. The structure made of several smaller cubes has more surface area than a structure like Fig.

Question 28

Use Figures A, B and C to answer Questions 40 - 44. Figure A is an 8-cm. cube. Figure B is eight, 4-cm cubes. Figure C is sixty-four, 2-cm cubes. Topic: Cell Theory
What Figure has the greatest volume (height x width x length x number of cubes)?

A) Figure A
B) Figure B
C) Figure C
D) All of these have the same volume.

Question 29

Mitochondria have an inner membrane system called thylakoid membranes.

Question 30

Mitochondria are thought to be derived from aerobic bacteria that became part of the eukaryotic cell through endosymbiosis.

Question 31

Membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are

A) vacuoles.
B) vesicles.
C) glyoxisomes.
D) lysosomes.
E) peroxisomes.

Question 32

Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?

A) A mitochondrion has two membranes.
B) Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration.
C) Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration.
D) Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes.
E) The inner space of the mitochondrion contains a fluid matrix.

Question 33

Use Figures A, B and C to answer Questions 40 - 44. Figure A is an 8-cm. cube. Figure B is eight, 4-cm cubes. Figure C is sixty-four, 2-cm cubes. Topic: Cell Theory
What figure has the greatest surface area (height x width x number of sides x number of cubes)?

A) Figure A
B)
B) Figure B
C) Figure C
D) All of these are the same.

Question 34

From your knowledge of the size and density of cell components and the process of centrifugation, predict the order (from first to last) that the nucleus and various cell organelles will be extracted?

A) ribosomes-mitochondria and chloroplasts-nucleus-soluble cytoplasm
B) nucleus-mitochondria and chloroplasts-ribosomes-soluble cytoplasm
C) nucleus-mitochondria and chloroplasts-soluble cytoplasm-ribosomes
D) mitochondria and chloroplasts-nucleus-soluble cytoplasm-ribosomes
E) soluble cytoplasm-ribosomes-mitochondria and chloroplasts-nucleus

Question 35

Cell biologists have introduced radioactively labeled carbohydrates, fats and amino acids to living cells, allowed time for cell metabolism, and then disrupted the cells in a blender and separated out the various cell organelles from the cytoplasm. They found the radioactive molecules could soon be detected as part of various cellular compounds, although the visible cell structures appeared unchanged. This leads us to conclude that

A) these "food" molecules are used only for energy.
B) most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt.
C) radioactivity was transferred from the introduced molecules to the resident stable molecules.
D) molecules diffuse at random through the cytoplasm and into cell organelles.
E) radioactivity has an unusual role in metabolism of living cells.

Question 36

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to reproduce independently from the division of the cell.

Question 37

The cells that line our respiratory tract, and one-celled paramecia both have these short hair-like projections.

A) flagella
B) microfilaments
C) centrioles
D) cilia
E) pili

Question 38

What organelle would be found in increased quantities in the liver cells of a person who abuses alcohol and / or other drugs on a regular basis?

Question 39

The springtail is a very common small insect that lives in rotten logs, rich soil, and other humid places. Its cuticle is water repelling (hydrophobic) except for a strange organ, the collophore, on its ventral side. Because it lacks the excretory organs of other insects, the springtail has this organ in contact with the water (it is responsible for ion balance and secretion of wastes). If we examined the cell structure of this collophore, we would expect to find a high number of

A) nuclei.
B) ribosomes.
C) Golgi bodies.
D) lysosomes.
E) centrioles.

Question 40

You are a scientist who wants to produce large amounts of the protein insulin that is used to facilitate the entry of glucose into cells. You know that insulin genes may be introduced into bacteria by way of a plasmid vector. These bacteria may then be used as 'micro-manufacturers' of insulin. Your laboratory technicians explore various methods of producing the desired bacteria, but you are not sure how many and which of the bacterial cells have been transfected (have the plasmid with the insulin gene). Propose a way to determine which bacterial cells have been transfected with the engineered plasmid and are able to produce insulin.

Question 41

Of the following, which is NOT associated with the mitochondria?

A) ATP production
B) cristae
C) stroma
D) matrix

Question 42

If a researcher was interested in slowing down the movement of amoebas by disrupting their cell membranes, which protein filaments should she be studying?

A) actin
B) intermediates
C) microtubules
D) myosin

Question 43

Which statement about the nucleus is incorrect?

A) The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell.
B) The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out protein synthesis.
C) The nucleus contains the instructions for copying itself.
D) The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.

Question 44

As a cell increases in size, the

A) surface area increases as the volume decreases.
B) surface area, volume and surface area volume ratio increases.
C) surface area and volume increase, but the surface area: volume ratio decreases.
D) surface area and volume decreases the surface area: volume ratio increases.

Question 45

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of lipids within the cell?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) chloroplast
C) vacuole
D) peroxisome

Question 46

During the sequencing of DNA into a protein, what is the first step?

A) mRNA is copied from a gene
B) a ribosome attaches to the mRNA and signals protein synthesis
C) SRP binds to the signal peptide to shut down synthesis
D) an enzyme removes the signal peptide from the peptide chain

Question 47

What are the potential consequences of an individual who suffers from a genetic disorder that prohibits them from properly forming microtubules ? rev: 11_01_2012

A) Their cells will not be able to maintain the normal cellular shape.
B) The cells may not be able to divide correctly during cellular division.
C) The cilia located on the respiratory cells may have a limited function.
D) All of the answer choices are possible consequences of improperly formed microtubules.

Question 48

Which of the following products can be found in vacuoles?

A) water
B) sugars
C) water-soluble pigments
D) all of these are found in vacuoles

Question 49

Match the items below with their descriptions:
Art-based; Matching

Question 50

A multicellular organism like a rabbit will be

A) Composed of many cells that are all the same type.
B) Composed of a single cell.
C) Composed of a variety of different cell types.
D) Composed of one giant cell.

Question 51

DNA is housed within the nucleus, but the mRNA code needs to leave in order to be translated into a protein. How does the mRNA code leave the nucleus if the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope?

A) The nuclear envelope dissolves in order to allow the mRNA code to leave.
B) The nuclear envelope contains pores that allow the mRNA to exit through.
C) A vesicle will bud off from the nuclear envelope containing the mRNA.
D) The mRNA will be coded into a protein within the nucleus. Then the protein leaves the nucleus.

Question 52

During cellular movement which of the following filaments will be the ones that are responsible for attaching and pulling the other filaments along?

A) actin
B) myosin
C) trypsin
D) intermediate filaments

Question 53

Why is a large surface area: volume ratio needed for cells to function properly?

A) Adequate surface area (plasma membrane) is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm).
B) Smaller volumes reduce and larger surface areas reduce the cell's ability to bring nutrients in and get rid of waste.
C) A smaller surface area allows the cell to increase its metabolic activity by bringing in even more nutrients than larger surface areas.
D) The surface area and volume increase at the rate to ensure cell growth and reproduction.

Question 54

What cellular organelle is responsible for receiving the mRNA and turning it into a protein?

A) Golgi body
B) ribosome
C) nucleus
D) lysosome

Question 55

What structures enable the vesicles from the Golgi apparatus to fuse with the cell membrane? 5-2-2013

A) membrane-associated proteins
B) phospholipids
C) cholesterol molecules within the cell membrane
D) secretory vesicles that engulf the Golgi apparatus will allow the vesicles to fuse

Question 56

Use Figures A, B and C to answer Questions 40 - 44. Figure A is an 8-cm. cube. Figure B is eight, 4-cm cubes. Figure C is sixty-four, 2-cm cubes. Topic: Cell Theory
What figure has the greatest surface area : volume ratio?

A) Figure A
B) Figure B
C) Figure C
D) All of these are the same.

Question 57

Which cellular organelle is the most prominent?

A) nucleus
B) nucleolus
C) lysosome
D) mitochondria

Question 58

The plant cell's central vacuole

A) provides the plant cell with support.
B) stores nutrients and cellular waste products.
C) is a reservoir for water.
D) All of the choices are correct.