Deck 11: Lipids

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
____________ lipids are less resistant to hydrolysis, potentially because of the way the acyl chain is linked to the glycerol backbone.

Answer 1

a

Question 2

Fatty acids are ionized at physiological pH and so are referred to in their ______________ form.

Answer 2

carboxylate

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
____________: A complex amino alcohol backbone for membrane lipids.

Answer 3

m

Question 4

The common name of hexadecanoic acid is ________________.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
____________: A term applied to molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties.

Question 6

The reduction in tight packing due to cis double bonds ________________ the melting temperature of a fatty acid.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
____________: The storage form of fatty acids.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
____________: A type of lipid with two acyl chains, a glycerol backbone, and a polar head group.

Question 9

In phosphoglycerides, the fatty acids are linked to the glycerol backbone by the ________________ linkages.

Question 10

The shorthand notation indicating that there are two cis double bonds between carbons 9 and 10 and again between 12 and 13 is ________________.

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
The number of carbons in most common fatty acid is ____________.

Question 12

The configuration of most fatty acids is ________________.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
In addition to phospholipids and glycolipids, ____________ is a major type of membrane lipid.

Question 14

One important ________________ is EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), which is found in shellfish.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
Lipids which contain carbohydrates is/are ____________.

Question 16

The presence of double bonds in fatty acids limits tight packaging and the number of ________________ interactions.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
A lipid is defined as a compound soluble in ________________.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ether-linked lipid
b) triacylglycerol
c) sterol
d) amphipathic
e) 16 or 18
f) organic solvent
g) cholesterol
h) cystein
i) phospholipid
j) prokaryotes
k) glycolipid
l) 20 or 24
m) spingosine
n) serine
____________ is a flat polycylic molecule that is absent in prokaryotic membranes.

Question 19

________________ is a membrane lipid composed of sphingosine, fatty acid, and a simple sugar.

Question 20

___________________ is a sugar-containing lipid which contains a single carbohydrate moiety.

Question 21

What does the notation 18:2 for fatty acids imply?

Question 22

Octadecatrienoic acid has how many double bonds?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 23

Which phospholipid is enriched in neural sheath membranes?

A) phosphatidic acid
B) phosphatidylcholine
C) sphingomyelin
D) diphophatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)
E) phosphatidylinositol

Question 24

Eating ____________ increases the w-3 fatty acids, decreasing ____________.

A) arachidonic acid, heart attacks
B) a low-fat diet, heart attacks
C) fatty fish, heart attacks
D) shellfish, lung cancer
E) vegetable oils, blood pressure

Question 25

Explain why fats are an efficient way to store biochemical energy.

Question 26

What are some molecules that form the polar head group of phospholipids? Provide several examples.

Question 27

A phosphatidate lipid (phosphatidic acid) has which of the following components?

A) phosphate
B) glycerol
C) ester linkage
D) acyl chain
E) All of the above.

Question 28

Membranes lipids are primarily comprised of:

A) phospholipids.
B) glycolipids.
C) cholesterol.
D) A and B.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 29

The longer the fatty acid, the ____________ the fatty acid.

A) more oxidized
B) lower the melting point of
C) higher the melting point of
D) more reduced
E) more double-bond containing

Question 30

What are the two systems for naming the positions of the double bonds? Provide examples.

Question 31

Palmitate has how many carbons in its chain?

A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 20
E) 24

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a main function of lipids?

A) cell signaling
B) fuel source
C) structural rigidity of the cytoskeleton
D) membrane component
E) All of the above.

Question 33

Explain the biochemical nature of why trans bonds do not have the same effect as cis bonds on the melting point of fatty acids.

Question 34

Unsaturations ____________ melting points of fatty acids and their derivatives.

A) maintain
B) decrease
C) increase
D) are unrelated to
E) None of the above.

Question 35

The backbone of a phospholipid is which of the following?

A) glucose
B) cholesterol
C) fatty acid chain
D) triacylglycerol
E) glycerol

Question 36

The polar head group of phospholipids is found at which carbon of glycerol?

A) C1
B) C2
C) C3
D) C1 and C2
E) C2 and C3

Question 37

Polar head groups of phospholipids are esterified to what functional group?

A) methyl
B) phosphate
C) ketone
D) thiol
E) aldehyde

Question 38

The notation 12:2 indicates which of the following about a fatty acid?

A) There are 12 carbons in the chain with 2 double bonds.
B) There are two 12-carbon chains for this fatty acid.
C) The second carbon has a fatty acid double bond.
D) The double bond on the 12th carbon has a double bond.
E) There are 2 trans double bonds on this 12-carbon fatty acid.

Question 39

An w-3 fatty acid:

A) has a methyl group at the carboxyl end of the fatty acid.
B) has a methyl group on the third carbon of the chain.
C) has a double bond on the third carbon in from the carboxyl group.
D) has a triple bond on the third carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid.
E) None of the above.

Question 40

Which of the following is not correct concerning the structure given?

A) It is a component of biological membranes.
B) It is amphipathic.
C) It is a sphingolipid.
D) It is a phosphoglyceride.
E) It is phosphatidyl choline.

Question 41

Why might a protein be covalently attached to a lipid?

Question 42

Draw and label a typical phospholipid.

Question 43

Steroid hormones come from what lipid?

Question 44

What is the difference between a sphingolipid and a glycerolipid?

Question 45

Based on your knowledge of lipids, explain why some fats from plants are oils (liquid at room temperature) and animal fats are solid at room temperature.

Question 46

How does the structure of cholesterol give it a unique structural quality among the lipids?

Question 47

Define the different chemical characteristics for these phospholipids: phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol.