Deck 41: Recombinant DNA Techniques

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
A plasmid is an example of a common _______________.

Answer 1

g

Question 2

Bacterial plasmid DNA and bacteriophage DNA are commonly used _____________________ to introduce foreign DNA into a bacterium.

Answer 2

vectors

Question 3

The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester linkage at a break in a DNA strand is _____________________.

Answer 3

DNA ligase

Question 4

DNA fragments can be visualized in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis by staining with _____________________, which binds to double-stranded DNA and fluoresces an intense orange when irradiated by UV light.

Question 5

Complementary, single-strand overhangs that are produced by some restriction endonucleases are referred to as _____________________.

Question 6

The enzyme _____________________ can be used to add nucleotides to the 3` end of DNA.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
DNA sequences are amplified by the _______________.

Question 8

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is formed by the action of reverse transcriptase on _____________________.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
Instead of radioactivity, current DNA sequencing commonly uses _______________ base analogues.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
_______________is a method for analyzing the expression of thousands of genes.

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
_______________ are enzymes that split DNA at specific base-pair sequences.

Question 12

PCR is the abbreviation for _____________________, which is an in vitro technique used to make multiple copies of a DNA molecule.

Question 13

The technique in which DNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis and identified using a radiolabeled probe is called _____________________.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
_______________: A collection of DNA sequences representing all of the mRNA expressed in a particular cell type.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
DNA sequencing by controlled termination of replication is called the ______________ method.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
The type of vector used for synthesis of protein is _______________.

Question 17

_____________________ cleave DNA at sites with inverted repeat sequences referred to as palindromic sequences.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
The enzyme that joins two DNA molecules is _______________.

Question 19

The Sanger technique for sequencing DNA involves the use of _____________________ nucleotide analogs that terminate chain elongation.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) ligase
b) restriction enzymes
c) DNA microarray
d) expression
e) Sanger
f) footprint
g) vector
h) E. coli
i) cDNA
j) reverse trancriptase
k) fluorescent
l) polymerase chain reaction
_______________ is the enzyme used to create DNA from RNA.

Question 21

For identification of a gene, against which strand of DNA must the probe complement?

A) either strand
B) both strands
C) only the coding strand
D) only the template strand
E) None of the above.

Question 22

A number of tools are critical to gene exploration. Name at least four.

Question 23

The biological role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is to:

A) repair DNA.
B) induce DNA crossover.
C) cleave foreign DNA.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 24

Design a potential DNA-restriction enzyme site. Show both strands.

Question 25

What is a DNA probe?

Question 26

A technique used to identify RNA after gel electrophoresis and which employs ssDNA in the detection process is:

A) None of the below.
B) the Southwestern blot.
C) the Western blot.
D) the Southern blot.
E) the Northern blot.

Question 27

Which of the following DNA sequences contains a 4-8 base palindromic site? (Note: Only one strand is shown.)

A) CAGTCC
B) GCATCC
C) CGATTAGC
D) GAGAGAGA
E) GCATATGC

Question 28

The specificity or stringency of a PCR reaction can be controlled by altering the reaction:

A) volume.
B) target sequence.
C) temperature and salt concentration.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 29

How does quantitative PCR differ from nonquantitative PCR?

Question 30

How can DNA fragments of various sizes be separated?

Question 31

Name at least four.

Question 32

The probe used to isolate a gene from a genomic library is often:

A) the ligand that binds to the protein.
B) its promoter region.
C) a portion of the mRNA of the gene.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 33

Reverse transcriptase is normally found in:

A) plants.
B) retrovirus.
C) mitochondria.
D) All of the above.`
E) None of the above.

Question 34

What do Southern, Northern, and Western blots detect, respectively?

A) DNA, RNA, and protein
B) DNA, protein, and RNA
C) RNA, DNA, and protein
D) protein, DNA, and RNA
E) RNA, protein, and DNA

Question 35

Briefly outline how a cDNA library is made.

Question 36

What is the basis of the Sanger method?

Question 37

Plasmids used in recombinant DNA technology typically:

A) possess a gene for antibiotic resistance.
B) replicate independently of the host genome.
C) are circular double-stranded molecules.
D) All of the above.
E) A and B.

Question 38

Explain the basis of the polymerase chain reaction.

Question 39

Show both strands.

Question 40

Reagents necessary for sequencing by chain termination include:

A) template DNA, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), primer, dideoxynucleotide analogs, DNA polymerase, and radioactive probe.
B) template DNA, dNTPs, primer, dideoxynucleotide analogs, and DNA polymerase.
C) template DNA, dNTPs, primer, dideoxynucleotide analogs, and RNA polymerase.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above

Question 41

Briefly outline the steps necessary to create a recombinant DNA molecule.

Question 42

Describe the technique called a DNA microarray.

Question 43

What is a transcriptome?

Question 44

How is gene disruption used to determine the function of a gene?

Question 45

Describe two ways PCR can be used in medical diagnosis.

Question 46

Why are monoclonal antibodies more useful than polyclonal antibodies?

Question 47

How is a single gene of interest identified on a plate containing many different library clones?