Deck 14: Myth and the Tragic Vision in the Theater of Dionysus: Euripides Bacchae

Question 1

B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with

A) motivational interviewing.
B) interpersonal therapy.
C) classical conditioning.
D) operant conditioning.

Answer 1

operant conditioning.

Question 2

Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques are primarily based upon operant (rather than classical) conditioning?

A) contingency management
B) token economies
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

In the early 1900s, ________ argued that the classical conditioning lessons learned from Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs should apply to humans also.

A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) John Watson
D) Donald Meichenbaum

Answer 3

John Watson

Question 4

Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques are primarily based upon classical (rather than operant) conditioning?

A) exposure therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 5

Although they have been used for a variety of clinical issues, exposure therapy and systematic desensitization have been used primarily for the treatment of

A) eating disorders.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) personality disorders.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 6

Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy, behavioral psychotherapy

A) emphasizes inferential, introspective methods of measuring change within the mind of the client.
B) employs testable hypotheses and observable, measurable outcome measures.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 7

The creation of an anxiety hierarchy is a core feature of ___________.

A) token economies.
B) exposure therapy.
C) contingency management.
D) all of the above

Question 8

Parent training is an indirect intervention based on the principles of _________ psychotherapy.

A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) cognitive

Question 9

Edward Lee Thorndike's law of effect provides the theoretical basis for

A) operant conditioning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) graded exposure.
D) none of the above

Question 10

__________ is defined as any consequence that makes a behavior less likely to occur in the future.

A) Reinforcement
B) Exposure
C) Implosion
D) none of the above

Question 11

Teacher training is an indirect intervention based on the principles of _________ psychotherapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Question 12

The primary goal of behavioral psychotherapy is

A) to make the unconscious conscious.
B) self-actualization.
C) observable behavior change.
D) an increase in logical, rational thought.

Question 13

In exposure therapy, the client can be exposed to ________ versions of things or situations that cause anxiety.

A) real-life
B) imaginal
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 14

The career of Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with _________ psychotherapy.

A) humanistic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 15

The form of behavioral therapy that involves clients learning from the experiences of others, rather than their own experiences, is

A) exposure therapy.
B) assertiveness training.
C) observational learning.
D) flooding.

Question 16

For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, ________ is a form of therapy that has received substantial empirical support.

A) exposure and response prevention
B) motivational interviewing
C) behavioral consultation
D) humanistic psychotherapy

Question 17

"If you change the consequences of a behavior, the behavior will change." This statement summarizes the rationale behind

A) contingency management.
B) exposure therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) all of the above

Question 18

___________ is typically present in systematic desensitization but typically absent from exposure therapy.

A) Relaxation training
B) Exposure to anxiety-producing stimuli
C) Reflection
D) Creation of an anxiety hierarchy

Question 19

Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy, behavioral psychotherapy

A) emphasizes empiricism.
B) defines problems in terms of observable behaviors.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 20

According to the behavioral approach, ________ essentially means "getting something good," and _________ essentially means "losing something good."

A) reinforcement; punishment
B) positive reinforcement; negative punishment
C) positive reinforcement; positive punishment
D) negative reinforcement; negative punishment

Question 21

The goal of ____________ is to increase the frequency of behaviors that are positively reinforcing to the client.

A) cognitive therapy
B) aversion therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) behavioral activation

Question 22

Briefly explain the extinction burst.

Question 23

Briefly explain how behavior therapists conduct parent training.
Answer Key

Question 24

When behavioral activation begins, an important question for the clinical psychologist to ask the client is:

A) "Are there things that you are not doing now that you typically do when you are not depressed?"
B) "Is there another way of interpreting the events that have happened to you?"
C) "If the feared event happens, so what?"
D) "What are your beliefs about the fact that you have been diagnosed with depression?"

Question 25

Behavioral activation is based on the simple idea that

A) the day-to-day lives of depressed people lack positive reinforcement.
B) depressed people think illogically.
C) the brains of depressed people are chemically imbalanced.
D) depressed people lack social skills.

Question 26

Briefly define both generalization and discrimination as understood by behavioral therapists. Also, explain how each could alter the development of a phobia related to a traumatic incident in an elevator.

Question 27

Briefly explain the classical-conditioning-based rationale behind exposure therapy.

Question 28

Provide a fictional example of a 10-step anxiety hierarchy for a client with a fear of flying on airplanes.