Deck 30: When Do People Help

Question 1

The motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests defines

A)the social responsibility norm.
B)egoism.
C)the social-exchange theory.
D)altruism.

Answer 1

altruism.

Question 2

According to the bystander effect,

A)we are more likely to help others when others are present.
B)we are less likely to help others when others are present.
C)we are unaffected by bystanders when help is needed.
D)a bystander is the person most likely to help.

Answer 2

we are less likely to help others when others are present.

Question 3

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle.According to research on the bystander effect,a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are _______ others present.

A)no
B)two
C)four
D)ten

Answer 3

no

Question 4

Define altruism and provide an example of it.

Question 5

The notion that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as

A)the social-exchange theory.
B)egoism.
C)the reciprocity norm.
D)self-theory.

Question 6

had university students complete questionnaires in a small room,and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent.Students who were working _______ tended to notice the smoke in _______.

A)in groups;less than five seconds
B)alone;less than five seconds.
C)on a challenging task;about 20 seconds
D)on a rote task;less than five seconds

Question 7

Darley and Latané described a sequence of decisions a bystander must make before he or she will intervene in an emergency.Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps?

A)noticing the incident
B)interpreting the incident as an emergency
C)assessing the victim's desire for help
D)assuming personal responsibility for intervening

Question 8

Before agreeing to help out at the local homeless shelter,Sharon weighs the costs (e.g. ,getting up at dawn)and benefits (e.g. ,feeling good about herself)of doing so.This strategy can be predicted by the

A)empathy-altruism hypothesis
B)social-exchange theory.
C)social responsibility norm.
D)social comparison theory.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Darley and Latané's decision tree?

A)noticing the incident
B)interpreting the incident as an emergency
C)weighing the costs and benefits of helping
D)assuming responsibility for intervening

Question 10

found that _______ greatly decreased intervention.

A)social alienation
B)a lack of empathy
C)the presence of other bystanders
D)self-concern

Question 11

In the experimental studies of bystander non-intervention,researchers have

A)always first obtained the participant's informed consent.
B)been careful to debrief their laboratory participants.
C)subsequently found that most research participants believe the laboratory experiments have little,if any,value or application to everyday life.
D)been unable to replicate real-life situations.

Question 12

The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

A)the bystander effect.
B)pluralistic ignorance.
C)the self-interest effect.
D)the suppression of responsibility effect.

Question 13

The bystander effect reflects the fact that

A)"two heads are better than one."
B)"birds of a feather flock together."
C)"there is safety in numbers."
D)"there is no safety in numbers."

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why Sabrina stopped to open a door for a mother carrying her crying child in one arm and holding the hand of her elderly father with her other?

A)the reciprocity norm
B)the altruistic norm
C)the social-responsibility norm
D)the bystander norm

Question 15

You are asked to participate in a blood drive.In thinking about doing so,you weigh the costs (e.g. ,being pricked by a needle)and benefits (e.g. ,feeling good about yourself)of doing so.This strategy can be predicted by the

A)empathy-altruism hypothesis.
B)social-exchange theory.
C)social responsibility norm.
D)social comparison theory.

Question 16

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack.According to Darley and Latané,what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

A)You must recognize the event as life-threatening.
B)You must assume responsibility for helping.
C)You must notice the stranger.
D)You must make sure the victim is alone and truly in need of help.

Question 17

You were walking down the street with your friend Sabrina when she stopped to ask a child why he was crying.The boy said that he was lost,so Sabrina took time out of her busy day to help the child find his way home.Sabrina's behavior can be characterized by

A)the reciprocity norm.
B)egoism.
C)the social-exchange theory.
D)altruism.

Question 18

Latané and Darley attempted to explain people's failure to intervene in cases like that of Kitty Genovese in terms of

A)situational influences.
B)personality traits.
C)mood factors.
D)selfish genes.

Question 19

When Sally missed class Joe loaned her his notes.According to _____,when Joe misses class Sally should share her notes.

A)the reciprocity norm
B)the altruistic norm
C)the social-responsibility norm
D)the bystander norm

Question 20

According to the text,the _______ provides the classic illustration of pure altruism.

A)parable of the Prodigal Son
B)parable of the Good Samaritan
C)Kitty Genovese case
D)Sylvia Likens case

Question 21

Review the research on the role of the number of bystanders in helping.Be sure to include a discussion of noticing,interpreting and assuming responsibility.

Question 22

Identify the steps in Darley and Latané's "decision tree" of helping.Based on this model,how could you increase your chances of getting someone to help you in an emergency?