Deck 13: Gender, Genes, and Culture

Question 1

Much of the style we attribute to men is

A)based on genetics.
B)viewed as submissive in nature.
C)typical of people of both sexes of higher status and power.
D)typical of people in lower status and power.

Answer 1

typical of people of both sexes of higher status and power.

Question 2

Being a student of social psychology,you can predict with reasonable accuracy that _______ are more likely to contribute to charitable organizations.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Answer 2

women

Question 3

In psychology,the characteristics by which people define male and female,whether biologically or socially influenced,is referred to as

A)sex.
B)gender.
C)orientation.
D)culture.

Answer 3

gender.

Question 4

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that males are sexually assertive while females are more selective of sexual partners because

A)males outnumber females.
B)each strategy is likely to promote gene survival.
C)males and females are socialized differently.
D)of differences in brain chemistry.

Question 5

In physiological and subjective responses to sexual stimuli,

A)men are more aroused than women.
B)women are more aroused than men.
C)men and women are more different than similar.
D)men and women are more similar than different.

Question 6

When men and women want empathy and understanding,they are most likely to turn to a

A)spouse.
B)woman.
C)man.
D)coworker.

Question 7

When faced with stress,women are more likely than men to

A)flee.
B)fight.
C)befriend.
D)collapse.

Question 8

Which of the following is false with regard to conversations with men and women?

A)women's conversations last longer than men's.
B)men's conversations focus more on tasks than women's conversations.
C)woman focus more on connections with large groups than men.
D)men spend more time texting than women.

Question 9

Which of the following is false?

A)Women are more likely to cry at another's distress.
B)Girls react with more empathy when told stories than boys.
C)Women find friendships with other women more intimate than friendships with men.
D)Men find friendships with other men more enjoyable than friendships with women.

Question 10

reported that _______ tend to gravitate toward jobs that reduce inequalities,such as a public defender.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 11

Research has found that _______ are generally superior at decoding others' emotional messages.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 12

_______ are more likely to favor conservative political candidates.

A)The young
B)The elderly
C)Men
D)Women

Question 13

The male-to-female arrest ratio for murder in the United States is

A)80 to 1.
B)50 to 1.
C)8 to 1.
D)2 to 1.

Question 14

According to the text,_______ are more likely to describe themselves as having empathy.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 15

reported that _______ tend to gravitate toward jobs that enhance inequalities,such as a prosecuting attorney.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 16

You read about an unsolved murder in the newspaper.Given what you have learned in social psychology,you can reasonably predict a(n)_______ committed the murder.

A)man
B)woman
C)provoked individual
D)innocent bystander

Question 17

When a 1990 Gallup survey asked respondents whether upbringing or biology accounted for gender differences,

A)most said "upbringing."
B)most said "biology."
C)nearly equal numbers said "upbringing" and "biology."
D)most men said "biology," and most women said "upbringing."

Question 18

During a conversation,men are more likely than women to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)talk assertively.
B)interrupt intrusively.
C)stare more.
D)smile more.

Question 19

According to a 2003 Gallup poll,___% of American men and ___% of American women reported having cried as a result of the war in Iraq.

A)10;0
B)0;10
C)12;43
D)43;12

Question 20

,an international survey indicated that more _______ than _______ wanted more than one sexual partner in the next month.

A)women;men
B)men;women
C)lesbians;gay men
D)older men;younger men

Question 21

The term gender role refers to

A)enduring behaviors,attitudes,and traditions transmitted from one generation to the next.
B)a set of behavior expectations for males or females.
C)a rule for accepted and expected behaviors.
D)the personality characteristics by which people define male and female.

Question 22

Evolutionary explanations of gender differences have been criticized because they

A)underestimate the role of genetic factors.
B)do not explain cultural changes in behavior that occur over relatively short periods of time.
C)deny the role of hormonal factors.
D)rely too heavily on the experimental method in testing hypotheses.

Question 23

According to the text,what term best describes the relationship between biology and culture?

A)competition
B)interaction
C)interpolation
D)reciprocation

Question 24

Explain the hindsight criticism of evolutionary psychology.Provide an example of this type of thinking in evolutionary psychology.

Question 25

Your mother has commented on how little time your older sister,who recently married,spends on housework,as compared to what she herself used to spend when she was a newlywed.Your mother's comment reflects how gender roles

A)are learned.
B)are biologically determined.
C)vary by culture.
D)vary over time.

Question 26

In the mid 1960s,married women in the United States devoted 7 times as many hours to housework as did their husbands,yet in the mid 1990s,this figure was down to 2 times as many hours.This pattern reflects how gender roles

A)are learned.
B)biologically determined.
C)vary by culture.
D)vary over time.

Question 27

Evolutionary psychology would explain the male tendency to display their "abs and assets" as an example of their striving to offer what women desire,which is

A)charm.
B)generosity.
C)a sensitive and emotional nature.
D)external resources and physical protection.

Question 28

Both men and women desire _______ in their relationships.

A)youth
B)beauty
C)kindness and love
D)resources and protection

Question 29

found that teen males reported _______ as most important if left alone in a room with a teen female.

A)being witty
B)earning good grades
C)having lots of money
D)showing one's sensitive side

Question 30

theorized that in adult life,the immediate causes of gender differences in social behavior are

A)the roles that reflect a sexual division of labor.
B)biologically-based differences in power and aggressiveness.
C)learned habits reinforced by social rewards like affection.
D)rules and laws that legislate and maintain the status quo.

Question 31

Higher than normal levels of testosterone have been found in

A)violent male criminals.
B)male lawyers.
C)gay men.
D)married men.

Question 32

A very strong cultural norm dictates that males should be taller than their female mates.This height norm is cited in your text as evidence that

A)relationship behavior is influenced more by biology than culture.
B)gender roles are essentially cultural and thus completely arbitrary.
C)what is biologically "fit" may be culturally disastrous.
D)biology and culture interact to develop gender-role norms.

Question 33

Evolutionary psychologists take credit for predicting and confirming that

A)memories retain survival-relevant information.
B)gender generates jealousy.
C)we are most likely to help members of the opposite sex.
D)we favor others who share our genes.

Question 34

A relationship in which the effect of one factor (such as biology)depends on another factor (such as environment)is the definition of

A)competition.
B)interaction.
C)interpolation.
D)reciprocation.

Question 35

Out of the 44 countries surveyed in a 2003 Pew Global Attitudes survey,how many countries agreed that life was more satisfying when both spouses work and share child care?

A)30
B)20
C)41
D)9

Question 36

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized for

A)hindsight biases.
B)unethical treatment of human participants.
C)the use of unrepresentative samples.
D)functional fixedness.

Question 37

Research on possible hormonal influences on aggression has indicated that

A)testosterone levels influence animal aggression but not human aggression.
B)violent male criminals have higher than normal testosterone levels.
C)gender differences in aggression are clearly unrelated to hormonal differences.
D)administering testosterone reduces aggression in most animals.

Question 38

A set of behavioral expectations for males or females defines gender

A)type.
B)role.
C)identity.
D)position.

Question 39

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Gender roles are the sole result of genetics.
B)Gender roles are the sole result of learning.
C)Gender roles vary by climate.
D)Gender roles vary by culture.

Question 40

Evolutionary psychologists respond to their critics by saying that

A)the criticisms are "flat-out wrong."
B)cultural explanations are guilty of hindsight explanations.
C)their field is an empirical science that tests its predictions with a variety of data.
D)All of the above.

Question 41

Discuss cultural versus evolutionary explanations for gender differences in aggressiveness.Given the implications of this theory,what do you suggest for reducing aggression in our society?

Question 42

In your opinion,what are the most important gender differences described in the textbook? Why?