Deck 4: Emotions and Moods

Question 1

________ is a pure marker of low negative affect.

A) Bored
B) Nervous
C) Content
D) Relaxed
E) Serene

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Relaxed is a pure marker of low negative affect.

Question 2

Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing?

A) a response
B) a reaction
C) a counteraction
D) an attitude
E) a mood

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Moods are cognitive in nature and their cause is often general and unclear. They last longer than emotions-for several hours or days.

Question 3

Anna Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger?

A) a recognition
B) an insight
C) a mood
D) an emotion
E) a perception

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Madison is experiencing an intense feeling of anger, which is an emotion directed toward her boss. Emotions are intense, discrete and short-lived feeling experiences that are often caused by a specific event.

Question 4

Which of the following terms best describes an intense, discrete and short-lived feeling experiences that are often caused by a specific event?

A) perception
B) cognition
C) mood
D) reasoning
E) emotion

Question 5

________ are caused by a specific event, are very brief, and are accompanied by distinct facial expressions.

A) Emotions
B) Perceptions
C) Attitudes
D) Moods
E) Reactions

Question 6

Alana Gore works as a campaign manager at a nonprofit organization in Manhattan. She was recently asked by her supervisor to give a presentation on the progress of the ongoing climate campaign. However, throughout the presentation, her colleague Kelly Simmons interrupts her by asking irrelevant questions. In addition, she tries to insult her by constantly criticizing key findings and objectives achieved. Though Gore initially tried to be patient, she eventually loses her cool and retorts back, asking her to keep her questions and clarifications for the end of the presentation. Which of the following is a reason why Gore's reaction can be categorized as an emotion instead of a mood?

A) Its cause is general and ambiguous.
B) It is not action-oriented.
C) It incorporates both positive and negative dimensions of affect.
D) It is less cognitive in nature than moods.
E) It is caused by a specific event.

Question 7

Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience?

A) affect
B) knowledge
C) insight
D) attention
E) cognition

Question 8

Erin Corbett works at a software company and is in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontented customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood?

A) The cause of her behavior is unclear.
B) The feeling of being angry is prolonged.
C) The anger has a contextual stimulus.
D) The response is void of action.
E) The response is cognitive in nature.

Question 9

Which of the following is one of the five essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers?

A) anger
B) shame
C) apathy
D) indifference
E) distress

Question 10

Which of the following is not true regarding positive and negative emotions in different cultures?

A) In Japan, people embrace negative emotions.
B) Compared to Russia, people in Mexico emphasize positive emotions and expressions.
C) The Chinese consider negative emotions as potentially more useful than do people in the United States.
D) Compared to people in the United States, Chinese are more likely to believe negative emotions are constructive.
E) In Brazil, people embrace negative emotions and expressions.

Question 11

________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days.

A) Emotions
B) Feelings
C) Perceptions
D) Moods
E) Reactions

Question 12

________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.

A) Affect
B) Cognition
C) Mood
D) Thought
E) Reaction

Question 13

________ is a pure marker of low positive affect.

A) Stressed
B) Relaxed
C) Bored
D) Nervous
E) Alert

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions?

A) Emotions are short-lived feeling experiences.
B) Emotions last for a longer time period than moods.
C) Emotions are never action-oriented in nature.
D) Emotions lack a contextual stimulus.
E) Emotions involve less intense feelings than moods.

Question 15

Which of the following is not an example of moral emotions?

A) sympathy for the suffering of others
B) contempt for those who behave ethically
C) guilt about our own immoral behavior
D) anger about injustice done to others
E) disgust at violations of moral norms

Question 16

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding moods?

A) Moods are always brought about by a specific event.
B) Moods last for a very short period of time, such as a few seconds.
C) As compared to emotions, moods are more likely to be clearly revealed by facial expressions.
D) Moods are more fleeting than emotions.
E) Moods are cognitive in nature.

Question 17

Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion?

A) It is more intense than emotions.
B) It is brought about by a specific event.
C) It is prolonged in nature.
D) It is a positive feeling.
E) It is indicated by a facial expression.

Question 18

When Ariana Winter is told that her dog has been killed by a car, she feels deeply saddened. Her feelings are then overcome by a surge of anger at the car driver. However, minutes later, she is able to laugh and talk about the good memories spent with her pet. What is one of the reasons that Winter's reaction can be categorized as an emotion?

A) Its cause is general and ambiguous.
B) It lasted for a brief time period.
C) It is not action-oriented.
D) It is a negative feeling.
E) It is cognitive in nature.

Question 19

________ is a pure marker of high positive affect.

A) Content
B) Excited
C) Fatigued
D) Bored
E) Relaxed

Question 20

Which of the following mood dimensions is a pure marker of high negative affect?

A) depression
B) relaxation
C) fatigue
D) boredom
E) nervousness

Question 21

Emotions tend to last for several days, for a much longer time period than moods.

Question 22

Interestingly, research indicates that our responses to moral emotions differ from our responses to other emotions.

Question 23

________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on.

A) Low positive affect
B) Positivity offset
C) Blunted affect
D) Negativity bias
E) Residual positivity

Question 24

Heather Donahue, who works as a receptionist at a finance firm in New Jersey, has been dissatisfied with her job for several months now. She finds the job uninteresting because of its monotonous nature where all she needs to do is receive calls. During work hours, she often experiences emotions such as tiredness, weariness, and boredom. Which of the following mood dimensions is she most likely to be experiencing?

A) low positive affect
B) neutral affect
C) low negative affect
D) high positive affect
E) high negative affect

Question 25

According to the "boss effect" the amount of power and status a person feels over another person dictates who will smile first.

Question 26

Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension.

A) low positive affect
B) neutral affect
C) low negative affect
D) high positive affect
E) high negative affect

Question 27

Moods are usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions.

Question 28

Jean Ervin works as a fund raising executive at a women's rights organization in San Diego. Though she has been with the organization for only a year now, she has already been promoted and often gets excellent feedback from her manager. Her manager says that the key to Ervin's good performance is that she is happy with the work she does and she is excited about the challenges in tasks, which she takes up with a lot of enthusiasm. Which of the following mood dimensions is Ervin most likely to be feeling?

A) low positive affect
B) neutral affect
C) low negative affect
D) high positive affect
E) high negative affect

Question 29

Nervousness is a pure marker of low negative affect.

Question 30

Explain how emotions and moods are different from each other.

Question 31

Positivity offset may be defined as the tendency of most individuals to experience a negative mood when nothing in particular is going on.

Question 32

What are affect, emotions, and moods?

Question 33

Studying facial expressions is a good way to identify basic emotions.

Question 34

Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the low end.

Question 35

Moods are more intense than emotions and invariably arise because of a specific event acting as a stimulus.

Question 36

Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the high end.

A) nervousness
B) relaxation
C) contentment
D) serenity
E) depression

Question 37

A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient. Employees at the plant often complained about poor working conditions and low insurance benefits. However, the group was surprised with the findings of the survey because employees had a positive mood 70 percent of the time during work hours. Which of the following concepts would best explain such findings?

A) butterfly effect
B) framing effect
C) anchoring bias
D) distinction bias
E) positivity offset

Question 38

Jane Hastings recently joined her first job as a communication executive and is working on creating press releases for an upcoming campaign. The campaign is getting launched publicly in the next week and Hastings will need to interact with the media and give sound bites on the issue. This is the first time she will be interacting with the press and she is experiencing emotions of anxiousness, nervousness, and stress. Which of the following mood dimensions is she experiencing?

A) low positive affect
B) neutral affect
C) low negative affect
D) high positive affect
E) high negative affect

Question 39

Which of the following is most likely to be experienced during a positivity offset?

A) nervousness
B) depression
C) stress
D) anxiety
E) relaxation

Question 40

Explain the significance of emotions.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions?

A) Reduced sleep makes a person more alert during waking hours.
B) Physical and informal activities increase positive mood.
C) Weather has a controlling effect on moods.
D) Intensity of negative emotions increases with age.
E) Mounting levels of stress at work create positive emotions.

Question 42

Poor or reduced sleep impairs decision making and makes it difficult to control emotions.

Question 43

________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when there is no connection.

A) Affect intensity
B) Focusing effect
C) Distinction bias
D) Omission bias
E) Illusory correlation

Question 44

The findings of a recent company survey at Rader Industries showed that employees are experiencing high levels of work stress. To offset this, a manager suggests instituting a leave policy whereby employees must go on a mandatory vacation for seven days in the year.
The manager's suggestion is based on which of the following assumptions?

A) Employees are not experiencing a lack of work-life balance.
B) Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave.
C) Employees have been misusing the company's policy that allows them to exchange unused leave for cash.
D) Employees have been able to go on leave whenever they wanted to.
E) Employees have been working on regular working days of the year.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relation to emotional reactions?

A) Men are more emotionally expressive than women.
B) Men experience emotions more intensely than women.
C) Women express anger more frequently than men.
D) Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men.
E) Men display positive emotions more frequently than women.

Question 46

The findings of a recent company survey at Rader Industries showed that employees are experiencing high levels of work stress. To offset this, a manager suggests instituting a leave policy whereby employees must go on a mandatory vacation for seven days in the year.
Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion least likely be accepted?

A) The company conducts one-day offsite events on an annual basis to allow employees some time to unwind.
B) The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed.
C) The employees, though experiencing high levels of stress, also report high levels of job engagement.
D) The company's employees have reported high stress levels for more than three years in a row.
E) The company's leading competitor was recently voted as one of the best places to work due to its focus on employee well-being.

Question 47

The findings of a recent company survey at Rader Industries showed that employees are experiencing high levels of work stress. To offset this, a manager suggests instituting a leave policy whereby employees must go on a mandatory vacation for seven days in the year.
Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion most likely be accepted?

A) The company recently acquired a new client and work volumes are expected to increase.
B) The company halted its hiring plans for the year to focus on developing talent in-house.
C) The company allows employees to exchange their unused leave for cash at the end of every year.
D) The company promotes work-life balance, by offering employees flexible working arrangements.
E) The company has a policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year.

Question 48

Explain how stress affects emotions and moods.

Question 49

Gerard Yoder believes that every time he picks up his daughter, Penny, from school, it brings him good luck. The last time he picked her up from school, he won a lottery ticket. Today, after he received her from school, he reached his office and found out that he has been promoted. Which of the following concepts best describes Yoder's belief?

A) affect intensity
B) bandwagon effect
C) illusory superiority
D) positive bias
E) illusory correlation

Question 50

Discuss whether there are gender differences regarding emotions.

Question 51

________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions.

A) The Hawthorne effects
B) Affect intensity
C) Intelligence quotient
D) Positivity offset
E) Ambiguity effect

Question 52

What impact do social activities have on one's moods?

Question 53

Ben Ervin often experiences emotions in a much stronger manner than most of his other colleagues. Events that do not provoke any significant emotional response from another person send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. In view of such a situation, Ervin is displaying a high level of ________.

A) intelligence quotient
B) sentience quotient
C) intellectual giftedness
D) butterfly effect
E) affect intensity

Question 54

The term affect intensity refers to the individual differences in the strength with which individuals experience their emotions.

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of an epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood?

A) attending a meeting
B) playing video games
C) going on a ski vacation
D) eating a meal with friends
E) watching a movie

Question 56

On which day of the week does the positive affect tend to be highest for U.S., China, Germany and Japan?

A) Sundays
B) Mondays
C) Saturdays
D) Tuesdays
E) Wednesdays

Question 57

Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following is most likely to help Carlos lift his spirits?

A) watching TV with his friends
B) playing a video game at home
C) attending a meeting
D) going to a party with his friends
E) attending a training session

Question 58

Which of the following is an example of a sedentary activity that does not play a crucial role in increasing positive mood?

A) playing video games at home
B) going for a hike in the mountains
C) going on a ski vacation
D) eating a meal with family members
E) going to a party with friends

Question 59

Which of the following is true about emotions?

A) They are experienced over several days or months.
B) They are never caused by specific events.
C) They are less intense than moods.
D) They are critical to rational thinking.
E) They are less fleeting than moods.

Question 60

Activities that are formal or sedentary are more strongly associated with increases in positive mood than activities that are physical, informal, or epicurean.

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true regarding surface acting?

A) It involves foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.
B) It involves changing one's likes and dislikes to be in sync with display rules.
C) It involves displaying one's true feelings explicitly toward a person.
D) It deals with expressing felt emotions toward a person or event.
E) It involves trying to modify one's true feelings based on display rules.

Question 62

Carrie recently received the Employee of the Year award at the call center where she works as a customer service representative. She was chosen for the award because she is known to be highly courteous toward even the most difficult of callers and is efficient at handling their queries. A month after receiving the award, Carrie submits her resignation. According to her exit interview, she felt burnt out. Which of the following best explains this situation?

A) Carrie was overwhelmed by the award.
B) Carrie lacked the skills and motivation to perform her job in an effective manner.
C) Carrie felt the strain of having to constantly fake positive emotions towards her customers.
D) Carrie was demotivated by the lack of recognition and respect from her peers.
E) Carrie was unable to empathize with her callers and the problems that they faced.

Question 63

________ refers to a model which suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors.

A) Ironic process theory
B) Implicit personality theory
C) Disengagement theory
D) Affective events theory
E) Construal level theory

Question 64

________ refers to inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project.

A) Collective efficacy
B) Emotional dissonance
C) Social loafing
D) Positivity offset
E) Self-concordance

Question 65

What is the difference between felt emotions and displayed emotions?

Question 66

The practice of modifying one's true feelings based on display rules is known as ________.

A) surface acting
B) deep acting
C) social loafing
D) behavioral contagion
E) collective efficacy

Question 67

A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________.

A) emotional labor
B) self-concordance
C) emotional liability
D) negative affect
E) cognitive deviance

Question 68

Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory?

A) meeting a project milestone
B) being passed over for a promotion
C) colleagues refusing to carry their share of work
D) receiving conflicting directions from different managers
E) receiving a gift from a colleague on a birthday

Question 69

Which of the following is an example of surface acting?

A) an employee expressing her true admiration for her colleague
B) an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management
C) an employee striving to like her job even though it feels uninteresting
D) an employee retorting back at an annoying customer
E) a colleague trying to get along with a difficult team mate

Question 70

Sally works as a customer care executive at a telecom office in Ohio. She often needs to interact with a regular customer and she finds him extremely annoying. However, because of the nature of her work, she conceals her emotions well and politely talks to him and clarifies all his questions. Which of the following is being experienced by Sally?

A) illusory correlation
B) emotional dissonance
C) positive affect
D) emotional selection
E) positivity offset

Question 71

According to the affective events theory, work events trigger positive or negative emotional reactions among employees and these reactions influence their job performance and satisfaction.

Question 72

Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory?

A) Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction.
B) Employees who score high on emotional stability are more likely to react strongly to negative events.
C) Employees who experience emotional dissonance at work can only be motivated with the help of money.
D) An employee's emotions are independent of the employee's age and gender.
E) Employees scoring high on the personality trait of extraversion tend to be more successful at the workplace.

Question 73

Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five-star deluxe hotel in Washington. During her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________.

A) emotional labor
B) cognitive dissonance
C) self-concordance
D) positivity offset
E) social loafing

Question 74

Displayed emotions are innate and cannot be learned.

Question 75

Which of the following is an example of deep acting?

A) Sasha ignores a colleague's question because she knows he has a personal grudge against her.
B) Andy conceals her emotions and politely talks to a customer even though he is annoying her.
C) Liza smiles at her manager even though last week she was passed over for a promotion.
D) Dave tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project.
E) Javier is tired of working long hours and calls in sick on Monday to skip work.

Question 76

Surface acting deals only with ________ emotions.

A) negative
B) weak
C) cognitive
D) strong
E) displayed

Question 77

________ emotions are emotions that people experience, despite what they might display.

A) Felt
B) Conditional
C) Surface
D) Disseminative
E) Cognitive

Question 78

What is emotional labor? What is its relation to emotional dissonance? Explain.

Question 79

Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules?

A) surface acting
B) anchoring bias
C) active camouflage
D) bandwagon effect
E) framing effect

Question 80

Deep acting is hiding feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.