Deck 11: Development of Culture Around the World

Question 1

The belief in a higher power can be considered

A)material culture.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)an argot.
D)substance culture.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Define the term globalization and describe how it affects culture today.Give an example to support your answer.

Answer 2

Answers will vary

Question 3

Culture lag is

A)the totality of learned,socially transmitted behavior.
B)viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture.
C)the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives.
D)a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are more likely to change their material culture.

Question 5

Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are

A)less likely to resist change to their material culture.
B)less likely to resist change to their nonmaterial culture.
C)more likely to modify cultural universals.
D)less likely to change their folkways.

Question 6

Discovery is the

A)combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
B)process of introducing new elements into a culture.
C)process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
D)process by which cultural items spread to different groups.

Question 7

Diffusion is the

A)combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
B)process of introducing new elements into a culture.
C)process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
D)process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.

Question 8

Which sociologist introduced the concept of culture lag to the discipline?

A)William Ogburn
B)Antonio Gramsci
C)Edward Sapir
D)George Ritzer

Question 9

Democracy is a good example of an invention.

Question 10

George Ritzer's concept of "the McDonaldization of society" refers to the

A)placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010.
B)domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants.
C)existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world.
D)placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants,and the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast food restaurants.

Question 11

Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society,which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)feminist perspective

Question 12

Communism,the Episcopalian religion,and the microwave oven are all examples of

A)diffusion.
B)innovation.
C)invention.
D)discovery.

Question 13

Nonmaterial culture

A)is more resistant to change than material culture.
B)is less resistant to change than material culture.
C)changes at the same pace as material culture.
D)does not change once it has been created.

Question 14

Invention is the

A)combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
B)process of introducing new elements into a culture.
C)process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
D)process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.

Question 15

Explain the differences among innovations,discoveries,inventions,and diffusion.Give examples of each to clarify the differences.

Question 16

A new Ford Explorer can be considered

A)material culture.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)an argot.
D)substance culture.

Question 17

A basketball arena,an airliner,a slice of pizza,and a television set can all be considered examples of

A)xenocentrism.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)material culture.
D)argot.

Question 18

The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called

A)norms.
B)material culture.
C)nonmaterial culture.
D)values.

Question 19

Which sociologist defined technology as "information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires"?

A)Seymour Martin Lipset
B)Robin Williams
C)George Murdock
D)Gerhard Lenski

Question 20

English-speaking people in the U.S.commonly use words whose origins are from various African,Asian,and non-English-speaking European cultures.This is an example of

A)nonmaterial culture.
B)cultural diffusion.
C)cultural shock.
D)cultural relativity.