Deck 10: Elements of Culture

Question 1

Norms governing everyday behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern,are known as

A)mores.
B)cultural universals.
C)folkways.
D)laws.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A law is

A)a norm governing everyday social behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
B)an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
C)a form of governmental social control.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to Robin Williams,which of the following is NOT among the basic American values?

A)nationalism
B)equality
C)frugality
D)the supremacy of science over faith

Answer 3

C

Question 4

While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum,Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose.He is violating

A)mores.
B)laws.
C)informal norms.
D)formal norms.

Question 5

In the study of language,which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)feminist perspective

Question 6

Which sociological perspective would maintain that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 7

Which sociologist created a list of basic values to help define the national character of people living in the U.S.?

A)George Murdock
B)Robin Williams
C)Karl Marx
D)Edward Sapir

Question 8

A worker is frequently late,takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks.As a result of poor performance,the worker is fired.This is an example of

A)a sanction.
B)a law.
C)cultural diffusion.
D)replication.

Question 9

Which of the following is argued by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

A)Language precedes thought.
B)Language is a given and forms independent of culture.
C)Language homogenizes interpretations of reality across disparate cultures.
D)People cannot conceptualize the world only through language.

Question 10

In American society,we often formalize norms into

A)folkways.
B)mores.
C)laws.
D)values.

Question 11

An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called

A)material culture.
B)sanctions.
C)language.
D)argot.

Question 12

Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as

A)mores.
B)sanctions.
C)informal norms.
D)formal norms.

Question 13

One example of a positive,formal sanction is a

A)salary bonus.
B)demotion.
C)smile.
D)frown.

Question 14

A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project,and when she has completed her work,she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform.This is an example of

A)a sanction.
B)replication.
C)a more.
D)a typology.

Question 15

Informal norms are

A)norms governing everyday social behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
B)deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
C)made by a government for a society,interpreted by the courts,and backed by the power of the state.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 16

Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n)

A)informal norm.
B)formal norm.
C)more.
D)sanction.

Question 17

John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike.He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way.The fine is considered a

A)more.
B)sanction.
C)norm.
D)law.

Question 18

Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as

A)folkways.
B)mores.
C)values.
D)sanctions.

Question 19

Mores are

A)norms governing everyday social behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
B)norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
C)norms that are made by government for society,interpreted by the courts,and backed by the power of the state.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 20

Collective conceptions of what is considered good,desirable,and proper,as well as bad,undesirable,and improper,are known as

A)values.
B)folkways.
C)mores.
D)sanctions.

Question 21

What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion,religious expression,gun control,and sexual orientation?

A)cultural shock
B)culture war
C)subcultures
D)contracultures

Question 22

Sanctions can be positive or negative.

Question 23

From a functionalist perspective,the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion,education,and the media.

Question 24

Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each.Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types.

Question 25

Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth,property,and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion,education,and the media?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 26

Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms.

Question 27

Wearing two different colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms.

Question 28

Describe the perspectives of the conflict and functionalist theorists on the concept of a "common culture."

Question 29

The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations.

Question 30

In a culture,virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values.

Question 31

Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared?

A)benevolence
B)holding grudges
C)disloyalty
D)power

Question 32

In surveys of first-year college students since 1966,which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity?

A)being very well-off financially
B)developing a meaningful philosophy of life
C)achieving fame
D)finding true love

Question 33

A dominant ideology is

A)a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social,economic,and political interests.
B)a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle.
C)a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture.
D)None of these answers is correct.