Question 1

Which sociologist created a list of basic values to help define the national character of people living in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A) George Murdock 
B) Robin Williams 
C) Karl Marx 
D) Edward Sapir 
A) George Murdock 
B) Robin Williams 
C) Karl Marx 
D) Edward Sapir B

Question 2

Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each.Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types.

Accepted Answer

Social norms can be categorized into several types, including folkways, mores, and taboos.

Folkways are informal norms that govern everyday behavior and are based on tradition and custom. An example of a folkway is the norm of shaking hands when greeting someone.

Mores are more serious and have a moral significance. They are often based on societal values and can include norms related to honesty, integrity, and respect for others. An example of a more is the norm against stealing.

Taboos are the most serious type of social norm and are considered to be deeply ingrained in a society's culture. They often involve behaviors that are considered to be morally repugnant or forbidden. An example of a taboo is the norm against incest.

Sanctions associated with violations of social norms can vary depending on the type of norm. For folkways, sanctions are typically mild and can include social disapproval or ostracism. For mores, sanctions can be more severe and may include legal consequences or imprisonment. Taboos are often associated with the most severe sanctions, including exile or even death in some cultures. Overall, the severity of the sanction is often proportional to the seriousness of the norm that has been violated.

Question 3

What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion,religious expression,gun control,and sexual orientation?

Accepted Answer

A) cultural shock 
B) culture war 
C) subcultures 
D) contracultures 
A) cultural shock 
B) culture war 
C) subcultures 
D) contracultures B

Question 4

Which of the following is argued by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Language precedes thought. 
B) Language is a given and forms independent of culture. 
C) Language homogenizes interpretations of reality across disparate cultures. 
D) People cannot conceptualize the world only through language. 
A) Language precedes thought. 
B) Language is a given and forms independent of culture. 
C) Language homogenizes interpretations of reality across disparate cultures. 
D) People cannot conceptualize the world only through language.

Question 5

The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A worker is frequently late,takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks.As a result of poor performance,the worker is fired.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a sanction. 
B) a law. 
C) cultural diffusion. 
D) replication. 
A) a sanction. 
B) a law. 
C) cultural diffusion. 
D) replication.

Question 7

According to Robin Williams,which of the following is NOT among the basic American values?

Accepted Answer

A) nationalism 
B) equality 
C) frugality 
D) the supremacy of science over faith 
A) nationalism 
B) equality 
C) frugality 
D) the supremacy of science over faith

Question 8

In surveys of first-year college students since 1966,which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity?

Accepted Answer

A) being very well-off financially 
B) developing a meaningful philosophy of life 
C) achieving fame 
D) finding true love 
A) being very well-off financially 
B) developing a meaningful philosophy of life 
C) achieving fame 
D) finding true love

Question 9

Norms governing everyday behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern,are known as

Accepted Answer

A) mores. 
B) cultural universals. 
C) folkways. 
D) laws. 
A) mores. 
B) cultural universals. 
C) folkways. 
D) laws.

Question 10

One example of a positive,formal sanction is a

Accepted Answer

A) salary bonus. 
B) demotion. 
C) smile. 
D) frown. 
A) salary bonus. 
B) demotion. 
C) smile. 
D) frown.

Question 11

Informal norms are

Accepted Answer

A) norms governing everyday social behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. 
B) deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. 
C) made by a government for a society,interpreted by the courts,and backed by the power of the state. 
D) None of these answers is correct. 
A) norms governing everyday social behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. 
B) deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. 
C) made by a government for a society,interpreted by the courts,and backed by the power of the state. 
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 12

In the study of language,which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations?

Accepted Answer

A) functionalist perspective 
B) conflict perspective 
C) interactionist perspective 
D) feminist perspective 
A) functionalist perspective 
B) conflict perspective 
C) interactionist perspective 
D) feminist perspective

Question 13

Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as

Accepted Answer

A) folkways. 
B) mores. 
C) values. 
D) sanctions. 
A) folkways. 
B) mores. 
C) values. 
D) sanctions.

Question 14

John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike.He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way.The fine is considered a

Accepted Answer

A) more. 
B) sanction. 
C) norm. 
D) law. 
A) more. 
B) sanction. 
C) norm. 
D) law.

Question 15

Sanctions can be positive or negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A law is

Accepted Answer

A) a norm governing everyday social behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. 
B) an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. 
C) a form of governmental social control. 
D) None of these answers is correct. 
A) a norm governing everyday social behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. 
B) an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. 
C) a form of governmental social control. 
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 17

Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth,property,and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion,education,and the media?

Accepted Answer

A) functionalist perspective 
B) conflict perspective 
C) interactionist perspective 
D) global perspective 
A) functionalist perspective 
B) conflict perspective 
C) interactionist perspective 
D) global perspective

Question 18

Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared?

Accepted Answer

A) benevolence 
B) holding grudges 
C) disloyalty 
D) power 
A) benevolence 
B) holding grudges 
C) disloyalty 
D) power

Question 19

Describe the perspectives of the conflict and functionalist theorists on the concept of a "common culture."

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists and functionalist the

Question 20

A dominant ideology is

Accepted Answer

A) a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social,economic,and political interests. 
B) a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle. 
C) a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. 
D) None of these answers is correct. 
A) a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social,economic,and political interests. 
B) a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle. 
C) a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. 
D) None of these answers is correct.

Exam 10: Elements of Culture

Which sociologist created a list of basic values to help define the national character of people living in the U.S.?

Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each.Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types.

What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion,religious expression,gun control,and sexual orientation?

Which of the following is argued by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations.

A worker is frequently late,takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks.As a result of poor performance,the worker is fired.This is an example of

According to Robin Williams,which of the following is NOT among the basic American values?

In surveys of first-year college students since 1966,which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity?

Norms governing everyday behavior,the violation of which raises comparatively little concern,are known as

One example of a positive,formal sanction is a

Informal norms are

In the study of language,which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations?

Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as

John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike.He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way.The fine is considered a

Sanctions can be positive or negative.

A law is

Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth,property,and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion,education,and the media?

Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared?

Describe the perspectives of the conflict and functionalist theorists on the concept of a "common culture."

A dominant ideology is

What Is Sociology

The Development of Sociology

Major Theoretical Perspectives

Taking Sociology With You

What Is the Scientific Method

Major Research Designs

Ethics of Research

Developments of Methodology

What Is Culture

Development of Culture Around the World

Cultural Variation

The Role of Socialization

The Self and Socialization Through the Life Course

Agents of Socialization

Social Interaction and Social Structure

Social Structure in Global Perspective

Understanding Groups

Understanding Organizations

Sociological Perspectives on the Media

The Audience

The Medias Global Reach

Social Control

What Is Deviance

Crime

Systems of Stratification

Stratification by Social Class

Poverty and Social Mobility

Stratification in the World System

Stratification Within Nations: a Comparative Perspective

Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups

Sociological Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity

Race and Ethnicity in the United States

Social Construction of Gender

Women: the Oppressed Majority

Aging and Society

Aging Worldwide

Age Stratification in the United States

Global View of the Family

Marriage and Family

Alternatives to Traditional Families

Human Sexuality

Sociological Perspectives on Education

Schools As Formal Organizations

The Sociological Approach to Religion

World Religions

Religious Organization

Government, Power, and Authority

Political Behavior and Power in the United States

Economic Systems

Changing Economies

Sociological Perspectives on Health and Illness

Social Epidemiology and Health Care in the United States

What Is Mental Illness

Population

Sociological Perspectives on the Environment

Collective Behavior

Social Movements

Social Change

Global Social Change